Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

Acupuncture and Moxibustion

Chimgu

한글 침구 · Pinyin Zhen Jiu

The needle and the moxa cone — how they are made, where the points lie, how deep to go and when not to go at all, the twelve channels and the 396 points the book names, and the day-reckoning that governed when a needle might be used

鍼灸

The last of the five parts, and a single chapter. It opens with the nine needles of the Lingshu — three of which are not needles in the modern sense, since one presses without entering, one is rubbed over the skin, and one is a four-inch lance for opening an abscess — and then with the making of moxa and the taking of fire. The long middle gives the twelve channels with their course and their points, the Governing and Controlling vessels, and forty points standing outside the channels: 396 in all, each with its location in the book's own words, its needling depth, its retention, and whether needle or moxa is forbidden there. Around that sit the measuring rules that make a point findable on a body of any size, the supplementing and draining techniques, the five transport points and the eight meeting points, and five sections of prohibition — where not to needle, where not to burn, what the signs of death are when a viscus has been pierced. The chapter closes in divination: the eight winds, the nine palaces, and the day-by-day residence of the person-spirit, which told the practitioner when the body was not to be opened. The base text's last four sections are missing from the witness this translation follows, and are marked as such where they belong.

1.1 Making the Nine Needles 製九鍼法

1.1.1

Source원문

內經曰, 虛實之要, 九鍼最妙者, 爲其各有所宜也. 註云, 𤍠在頭身宜鑱鍼, 分肉氣滿宜圓鍼, 脉氣虛少宜鍉鍼, 瀉𤍠出血發泄痼病宜鋒鍼, 破癕腫出膿血宜鈹鍼, 調隂陽去暴痺宜圓利鍼, 治經絡中痛痺宜毫鍼, 痺深居骨解腰脊節腠之間者宜長鍼, 虛風舍於骨解皮膚之間者宜大鍼. 此之謂各有所宜也.

Translation영역

The Inner Classic says: among the essentials of vacuity and repletion, the nine needles are the most marvellous, because each has its own proper use. The commentary says: for heat in the head and body, the chisel needle (鑱鍼) is proper; for qi filling the divisions of the flesh, the round needle (圓鍼); for vessel qi vacuous and scant, the blunt needle (鍉鍼); for draining heat, letting blood and discharging an entrenched disease, the lance needle (鋒鍼); for opening a welling abscess and letting out pus and blood, the sword needle (鈹鍼); for regulating yin and yang and dispelling sudden impediment, the round-sharp needle (圓利鍼); for treating pain and impediment within the channels and network vessels, the filiform needle (毫鍼); for impediment lodged deep in the joints of the bones and in the spaces of the lumbar vertebrae and the interstices, the long needle (長鍼); for vacuity wind lodged between the joints of the bones and the skin, the great needle (大鍼). This is what is meant by each having its own proper use.

Clinical note임상 주석

The chapter opens by making the instrument answer to the lesion, not to the practitioner's habit: depth, breadth and edge are chosen from where the disease sits. Three of the nine are not needles in the modern sense at all — the 鍉鍼 presses, the 圓鍼 rubs, the 鈹鍼 lances — so the list is better read as a surgical kit than as a set of gauges.

Naegyeong 內經 · Naegyeong-ju 內經註

1.1.2

Source원문

○鍼形有九, 叙之于左.

Translation영역

The forms of the needle are nine; they are set out below.

Clinical note임상 주석

The base text says 于左, "to the left", because the page is read in columns from the right. The nine entries that follow are the sub-sections 1.1.1 to 1.1.9.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.1.1 First: the Arrowhead Needle 一曰鑱鍼

1.1.1.1

Source원문

一曰鑱鍼, 長一寸六分, 頭大末銳, 主瀉陽氣. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The first is called the chisel needle. It is one inch six tenths long, large at the head and sharp at the tip, and governs the draining of yang qi.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.1.1.2

Source원문

○平半寸, 長一寸六分, 頭大末銳, 主𤍠在頭分. 《易老》

Translation영역

Flat for half an inch, one inch six tenths long, large at the head and sharp at the tip; it governs heat in the region of the head.

Clinical note임상 주석

平半寸 describes a shoulder a half-inch wide behind the point, which stops the needle going deep — the instrument itself enforces the shallow insertion that heat in the head calls for.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.2 Second: the Round Needle 二曰圓鍼

1.1.2.1

Source원문

二曰圓鍼, 長一寸六分, 鍼如卵形, 揩摩分間, 不得傷肌肉, 以瀉分氣. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The second is called the round needle. It is one inch six tenths long and the needle is shaped like an egg; it is rubbed over the divisions of the flesh and must not injure the muscle, so as to drain the qi of the divisions.

Clinical note임상 주석

An egg-blunt tip that is rubbed rather than inserted — closer to a massage instrument than to a needle. 不得傷肌肉 is the whole instruction: the effect is wanted at the fascial plane, and breaking the muscle would defeat it.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.1.2.2

Source원문

○鋒如卵形, 肉分氣病宜用此. 《易老》

Translation영역

Its point is shaped like an egg; it is the proper needle for diseases of the qi in the divisions of the flesh.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.3 Third: the Blunt Needle 三曰鍉鍼

1.1.3.1

Source원문

三曰鍉鍼, 長三寸半, 鋒如黍粟之銳, 主按脉勿䧟, 以致其氣. 《易老》

Translation영역

The third is called the blunt needle. It is three inches and a half long, its point as sharp as a grain of millet; it governs pressing on the vessel without sinking in, so as to bring the qi there.

Clinical note임상 주석

勿䧟 — "do not let it sink in" — makes this a pressure instrument. It is the ancestor of the modern practice of holding a blunt probe over a point in a patient who cannot tolerate insertion.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.3.2

Source원문

○脉氣虛少者宜此. 《易老》

Translation영역

It is the proper needle for one whose vessel qi is vacuous and scant.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.4 Fourth: the Lance Needle 四曰鋒鍼

1.1.4.1

Source원문

四曰鋒鍼, 長一寸六分, 刃三隅, 以發痼疾. 《易老》

Translation영역

The fourth is called the lance needle. It is one inch six tenths long with a three-edged blade, and is used to bring out an entrenched disease.

Clinical note임상 주석

The three-edged blade is the classical bleeding needle, still in use as the 三稜鍼. 發 here is not "treat" but "bring out" — the blood let is the thing removed.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.4.2

Source원문

○瀉𤍠出血, 發泄痼疾. 《易老》

Translation영역

It drains heat and lets blood, bringing out and discharging an entrenched disease.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.5 Fifth: the Sword Needle 五曰鈹鍼

1.1.5.1

Source원문

五曰鈹鍼, 長四寸, 廣二分半, 末如劒鋒, 以取大膿. 《易老》

Translation영역

The fifth is called the sword needle. It is four inches long and two and a half tenths broad, its tip like the edge of a sword, and is used to take out a great quantity of pus.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.5.2

Source원문

○一名破鍼, 用以破癕腫, 出膿血. 《易老》

Translation영역

It is also called the breaking needle, used to open a welling abscess and let out pus and blood.

Clinical note임상 주석

A four-inch blade two and a half tenths wide is a scalpel, and 破鍼 says so plainly. The Bogam keeps it in the needle list because the hand that opens the abscess is the same hand.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.6 Sixth: the Round-Sharp Needle 六曰圓利鍼

1.1.6.1

Source원문

六曰圓利鍼, 長一寸六分, 大如釐, 且圓且銳, 中身微大, 以取暴氣. 《易老》

Translation영역

The sixth is called the round-sharp needle. It is one inch six tenths long, as thick as a hair, both round and sharp, and slightly thicker in the middle of the shaft; it is used to take out sudden qi.

Clinical note임상 주석

中身微大 — thicker at the middle — gives a shaft that resists bending, which is what lets a hair-thin needle be driven at once into an acute blockage.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.6.2

Source원문

○尖如毫, 且圓利, 調隂陽, 去暴氣. 《易老》

Translation영역

Its tip is like a fine hair, round and sharp; it regulates yin and yang and dispels sudden qi.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.7 Seventh: the Filiform Needle 七曰毫鍼

1.1.7.1

Source원문

七曰毫鍼, 長三寸六分, 尖如蚊䖟喙, 靜以徐往, 微以久留, 以取痛痺. 《易老》

Translation영역

The seventh is called the filiform needle. It is three inches six tenths long, its tip like the proboscis of a mosquito or gadfly; quietly and slowly it goes in, lightly and long it is left, and it is used to take out pain and impediment.

Clinical note임상 주석

This is the needle of present-day practice, and the line that describes it is a description of technique, not of metal: 靜以徐往, 微以久留 — enter slowly, retain lightly and long. The retention is the treatment.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.7.2

Source원문

○尖如蚊䖟喙, 調經絡, 去痛痺. 《易老》

Translation영역

Its tip is like the proboscis of a mosquito or gadfly; it regulates the channels and network vessels and dispels pain and impediment.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.8 Eighth: the Long Needle 八曰長鍼

1.1.8.1

Source원문

八曰長鍼, 長七寸, 鋒利身薄, 可以取遠痺. 《易老》

Translation영역

The eighth is called the long needle. It is seven inches long, sharp of point and thin of shaft, and can take out a distant impediment.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.8.2

Source원문

○鋒利故取痺深居骨解腰脊節腠之間者. 《易老》

Translation영역

Because its point is sharp it takes out impediment lodged deep in the joints of the bones and in the spaces of the lumbar vertebrae and the interstices.

Clinical note임상 주석

遠痺 in the first passage and 痺深居… in the second are the same lesion described twice: "distant" means deep, not far along the limb. Seven inches is the length needed to reach the hip and sacroiliac joints.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.9 Ninth: the Great Needle 九曰大鍼

1.1.9.1

Source원문

九曰大鍼, 長四寸, 尖如挺, 其鋒微圓, 以瀉機關之水. 《易老》

Translation영역

The ninth is called the great needle. It is four inches long, its tip like a rod and its point slightly rounded, and is used to drain water from the joints.

Clinical note임상 주석

機關 is the hinge — the joint. Draining water from a joint with a rounded four-inch shaft is arthrocentesis, and the rounded point is chosen so that the cartilage is not cut on the way in.

Yeongno 易老

1.1.9.2

Source원문

○一名焠鍼, 取風虛舍于骨解皮膚之間者. 《易老》

Translation영역

It is also called the quenched needle, and takes out wind vacuity lodged between the joints of the bones and the skin.

Clinical note임상 주석

焠 is to quench hot metal. The alternative name points to the fire needle of 1.5 below, which is this same heavy needle heated before insertion.

Yeongno 易老

1.2 Tempering the Needle 鍊鍼法

1.2.1

Source원문

取久用馬㗸鐵作鍼, 最妙. 《精要》

Translation영역

To make needles, take iron from a horse's bit that has long been in use; this is best of all.

Clinical note임상 주석

A bit that has been years in a horse's mouth has been worked and annealed over and over, which is what makes it tough enough to draw into a needle that will not snap. The reason given is not metallurgical but it selects for the right metal.

Jeongyo 精要

1.2.2

Source원문

○煮鍼, 取烏頭·巴豆肉各一兩, 麻黃五錢, 木鱉子肉十箇, 烏梅五箇, 右將鍼藥同入銀石器內, 水煮一日, 出洗之. 再用止痛藥沒藥·乳香·當歸·花蘂石各半兩, 又如前水煮一日, 取出, 以皂角水洗之, 再於犬肉內煮一日, 仍用瓦屑打磨浄, 端直菘子油塗之, 常近人氣爲妙. 《得效》

Translation영역

Boiling the needles: take aconite main tuber and the flesh of croton seed, one tael each, ephedra five mace, the flesh of ten cochinchina momordica seeds, and five smoked plums. Put the needles and the medicinals together into a silver or stoneware vessel, boil in water for a day, take them out and wash them. Then use the pain-stopping medicinals — myrrh, frankincense, Chinese angelica and ophicalcite, half a tael each — and boil in water for a day as before. Take them out and wash them with soap-bean water, then boil them for a day in dog meat. Polish them clean with tile grit, straighten them, smear them with rape-seed oil, and it is best to keep them always near the body.

Clinical note임상 주석

Two of the boiling medicinals are frankly toxic — 烏頭 is aconite and 巴豆 croton — and a needle carried from this bath into the skin carries a residue with it. The procedure also has no step that would sterilise: the tile-grit polish and the oil are for rust and glide. Read as history, not as a method to reproduce.

Deukhyo 得效

1.3 Needling by the Four Seasons 四時鍼法

1.3.1

Source원문

春氣在經脉, 夏氣在孫絡, 長夏氣在肌肉, 秋氣在皮膚, 冬氣在骨髓中. 是故邪氣者, 常隨四時之氣血而入客也, 必從其經氣, 辟除其邪, 則亂氣不生, 反之則生亂氣, 相淫倂焉. 《內經》

Translation영역

In spring the qi is in the channel vessels; in summer, in the grandchild network vessels; in late summer, in the muscles; in autumn, in the skin; in winter, within the marrow of the bones. Therefore evil qi always enters and lodges following the qi and blood of the four seasons. One must go with the channel qi and drive the evil out, and then chaotic qi will not arise; go against it and chaotic qi is produced, and the two debauch and merge with each other.

Clinical note임상 주석

The seasonal ladder from channel to marrow is the reason the next passages make depth a seasonal variable. Whatever is made of the cosmology, the clinical residue is sound: the same complaint is needled shallower in a patient who is warm and vasodilated than in one who is cold.

Naegyeong 內經

1.3.2

Source원문

○病有浮沉, 刺有淺深, 各至其理, 無過其道. 過之則內傷, 不及則生外壅, 壅則邪從之. 淺深不得, 反爲大賊, 內動五蔵, 後生大病. 《內經》

Translation영역

Disease is floating or deep, and piercing is shallow or deep; each must reach its own level and must not pass beyond its proper course. Pass beyond it and there is injury within; fall short and congestion arises outside, and where there is congestion the evil follows. If the shallow and the deep are not got right, the needle becomes instead a great robber: it stirs the five viscera within, and afterwards a great disease arises.

Clinical note임상 주석

內動五蔵 is the real warning and it is anatomical: a needle driven past its depth at the chest or upper abdomen reaches pleura, lung and liver. 大賊 is strong language for a classic to use about its own instrument.

Naegyeong 內經

1.3.3

Source원문

○春夏刺淺, 秋冬刺深者, 盖春夏陽氣在上, 人氣亦在上, 故當淺刺之. 秋冬陽氣在下, 人氣亦在下, 故當深取之也. 《難經》

Translation영역

That piercing is shallow in spring and summer and deep in autumn and winter is because in spring and summer the yang qi is above and the person's qi is likewise above, and so one should pierce shallowly; in autumn and winter the yang qi is below and the person's qi is likewise below, and so one should take it deeply.

Nangyeong 難經

1.4 The Depth of Needle Insertion 鍼刺淺深法

1.4.1

Source원문

足陽明刺深六分, 留十呼. 足太陽刺深五分, 留七呼. 足少陽刺深四分, 留五呼. 足太隂刺深三分, 留四呼. 足少隂刺深二分, 留三呼. 足厥隂刺深一分, 留二呼. 手之隂陽, 其受氣之道近, 其氣之来疾, 其刺深者皆無過二分, 其留皆無過一呼. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The foot yang brightness is pierced six tenths deep and retained ten breaths; the foot greater yang five tenths and seven breaths; the foot lesser yang four tenths and five breaths; the foot great yin three tenths and four breaths; the foot lesser yin two tenths and three breaths; the foot reverting yin one tenth and two breaths. As for the yin and yang of the hand, their road for receiving qi is short and their qi comes quickly, so none of them is pierced deeper than two tenths, and none retained longer than one breath.

Clinical note임상 주석

The ladder runs yang to yin and proximal to distal, and the hand channels are capped at two tenths because the road is short. Modern depths are greater than these, but the relative ordering — deeper on the leg than the arm, deeper on yang than yin — is still how a careful hand works.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.4.2

Source원문

○凡上體及當骨處, 鍼入淺而灸宜少. 凡下體及肉厚處, 鍼可入深, 灸多無害. 《入門》

Translation영역

In general, on the upper body and where bone lies directly beneath, the needle enters shallowly and the moxa should be few; on the lower body and where the flesh is thick, the needle may enter deeply and much moxa does no harm.

Clinical note임상 주석

當骨處 — where bone lies directly beneath — is the practical rule that survives all the seasonal theory: on the sternum, the skull, the tibial crest and the dorsum of the hand, depth is limited by what is under the skin, not by the calendar.

Immun 入門

1.5 The Fire Needle 火鍼法

1.5.1

Source원문

性畏艾灸者, 當用火鍼, 以鍼置火中令𤍠刺之, 卽火鍼也. 《資生》

Translation영역

For one whose nature dreads moxa cautery, the fire needle should be used: the needle is put into the fire until it is hot and then pierces — this is the fire needle.

Jasaeng 資生

1.5.2

Source원문

○凡諸穴忌灸之處, 以鍼置火中令𤍠, 繆刺之卽效, 乃知火不負人之說. 《資生》

Translation영역

At any of the points where moxa is to be avoided, put the needle into the fire until it is hot and pierce crosswise, and it takes effect — from this one knows the saying that fire does not fail a man.

Clinical note임상 주석

A red-hot needle is a cautery, and the modern practice of the fire needle still uses it for cold impediment and for lancing. 繆刺 is needling the side opposite the pain, kept in 1.62 below.

Jasaeng 資生

1.5.3

Source원문

○內經有燔鍼法, 卽火鍼也. 《內經》

Translation영역

The Inner Classic has the method of the burnt needle, which is the fire needle.

Naegyeong 內經

1.6 Locating the Points 㸃穴法

1.6.1

Source원문

凡㸃穴時, 須得身體平直, 四肢無令拳縮, 坐㸃無令俛仰, 立㸃無令傾側. 若孔穴不正, 則徒燒肌肉, 虛忍痛楚, 無益於事. 《千金》

Translation영역

Whenever points are being marked, the body must be level and straight and the four limbs must not be drawn up; if marked sitting, the patient must not bend forward or lean back, and if marked standing, must not tilt to one side. If the point is not true, one merely burns the muscle and the patient endures the pain for nothing, with no benefit to the matter.

Clinical note임상 주석

The whole section is about posture as a source of error, and the reasoning is positional: a point measured on a flexed limb is not where it was measured once the limb straightens.

Cheongeum 千金

1.6.2

Source원문

○凡㸃穴, 坐㸃則坐灸, 立㸃則立灸, 卧㸃則卧灸. 坐立皆宜端直, 若一動, 則不得真穴. 《入門》

Translation영역

In marking points, what is marked sitting is cauterized sitting, what is marked standing is cauterized standing, and what is marked lying is cauterized lying. Sitting or standing, the posture should be upright and straight; if the patient once moves, the true point is lost.

Clinical note임상 주석

Mark and treat in the same posture — the rule that makes the previous one usable.

Immun 入門

1.6.3

Source원문

○古者用繩度量, 繩多出縮, 取穴不準. 今以薄竹片㸃量分寸, 療病準的. 亦有用蠟紙條量者, 但薄篾易折, 蠟紙亦粘手, 惟取稻稈心量, 却易尤勝於用紙之伸縮也. 《資生》

Translation영역

In antiquity a cord was used for measuring, but a cord stretches and shrinks a great deal, so the points taken were not accurate. Nowadays a thin strip of bamboo is used to mark off the inches and tenths, and treatment is on target. Some measure with a strip of waxed paper, but thin bamboo splits easily and waxed paper sticks to the hand; only taking the pith of a rice stalk to measure with is both easy and far better than paper, which stretches and shrinks.

Clinical note임상 주석

A measuring rule that changes length is the one error no amount of care corrects, and the section works through three materials to find one that does not. The same reasoning is why a modern practitioner measures in body-inches taken from the patient rather than in centimetres.

Jasaeng 資生

1.6.4

Source원문

○人有老少, 體有長短, 膚有肥瘦, 皆須精思商量, 準而折之. 又以肌肉及理節解縫會宛䧟之中, 及以手按之病者快然, 如此子細安詳用心者, 乃得真穴耳. 《千金》

Translation영역

People are old or young, bodies long or short, flesh fat or thin; in every case one must think closely and weigh it, and divide by that standard. Further, take the hollow amid the muscle and the grain, the joint clefts and the seams where they meet, and press it with the hand so that the patient feels relief — only one who is this careful, this unhurried and this attentive gets the true point.

Clinical note임상 주석

The two criteria are palpatory, not metric: a hollow the finger finds, and a response the patient reports. Measurement locates the neighbourhood; the hand finds the point.

Cheongeum 千金

1.6.5

Source원문

○吳蜀多行灸法, 有阿是穴之法. 言人有病, 卽令捏其上, 若果當其處, 不問孔穴, 下手卽得便快, 卽云阿是. 灸刺皆驗. 入門云天應穴是也. 《資生》

Translation영역

In Wu and Shu moxibustion is much practised, and they have the method of the ahsi point. It says: when a person has a disease, have him pinch over it, and if it truly answers to that spot, then without asking after a named point one lays the hand there and at once there is relief — and this is called "ah, that is it". Both moxa and needle prove effective. The Immun says this is the cheoneung point.

Clinical note임상 주석

阿是穴 — literally "ah, yes, there" — is the tender point found by pressing, and the section grants it the same standing as a named point. It is the ancestor of trigger-point needling, and the Bogam records it without apology: 不問孔穴, do not ask after the named point.

Jasaeng 資生

1.7 Measuring in Inches and Tenths 量分寸法

1.7.1

Source원문

取病人男左女右中指第二節內, 度兩橫紋相去爲一寸. 應取穴及作炷分寸, 並依此法. 《局方》

Translation영역

Take the inner side of the middle finger of the patient — the left in a man, the right in a woman — at its second joint, and measure the distance between the two transverse creases: this is one inch. The inches and tenths for locating points and for making moxa cones all follow this rule.

Clinical note임상 주석

The 同身寸, the body-inch: the unit is taken from the patient, so the same written measurement lands correctly on a child and on a large adult. Everything in this chapter that is given in inches depends on it.

Gukbang 局方

1.7.2

Source원문

○取男左女右手中指第二節內庭兩橫文相去爲一寸, 是謂同身寸. 療病多愈, 今以爲準. 銅人曰, 取中指內文爲一寸. 內經曰, 同身寸是也. 《資生》

Translation영역

Taking the distance between the two transverse creases on the inner court of the second joint of the middle finger — the left hand in a man, the right in a woman — as one inch is what is called the body-inch. Treating disease by it, many are cured, and it is now taken as the standard. The Dongin says: take the inner crease of the middle finger as one inch. The Inner Classic says: this is the body-inch.

Jasaeng 資生

1.7.3

Source원문

○竇漢卿同身寸法, 以中指大指相屈如環, 取內側交兩角爲一寸.

Translation영역

Du Hanqing's body-inch method: bend the middle finger and the thumb against each other to form a ring, and take the distance between the two inner angles where they meet as one inch.

Clinical note임상 주석

A second way of taking the same unit, which gives a slightly different value. The book records both rather than choosing, and the next passage says why that is acceptable.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.4

Source원문

○取中指內側爲同身寸者, 大法也. 若取頭部·膺腧部·背部·腹部同身寸外, 又各有活法, 不可執一也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Taking the inner side of the middle finger as the body-inch is the general rule. But for the head, the chest and upper back, the back and the abdomen there are, besides the body-inch, flexible rules of their own, and one must not hold rigidly to the one.

Clinical note임상 주석

不可執一 — do not hold rigidly to the one — is the hinge of the whole measuring system, and the six sub-sections that follow are those flexible rules: each region is divided by its own landmarks rather than by the finger.

Gangmok 綱目

1.7.5

Source원문

○手足部並用同身寸取之. 《神應》

Translation영역

For the regions of the hand and foot, the body-inch is used throughout.

Sineung 神應

1.7.1 Inches of the Head 頭部寸

1.7.1.1

Source원문

前髮際至後髮際, 折作十二節, 爲一尺二寸.

Translation영역

From the front hairline to the back hairline, divide into twelve parts, making one foot two inches.

Clinical note임상 주석

Proportional division: the head is measured by dividing the distance between its own landmarks, so the unit shrinks on a small head. This is the 骨度法 still in use.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.1.2

Source원문

○前髮際不明者, 取眉心上行三寸. 後髮際不明者, 取大顀上行三寸. 前後髮際不明者, 共折作一尺八寸. 《神應》

Translation영역

If the front hairline is not clear, take three inches up from the centre of the eyebrows; if the back hairline is not clear, take three inches up from Daechui (GV-14); if neither front nor back hairline is clear, divide the whole into one foot eight inches.

Clinical note임상 주석

A fallback for the bald or receding head, which is exactly where the hairline rule fails. The book supplies substitute landmarks rather than leaving the measurement undefined.

Sineung 神應

1.7.1.3

Source원문

○頭部橫寸, 以眼內眥角至外眥角爲一寸, 並用此法.

Translation영역

For transverse inches of the head, take the distance from the inner canthus of the eye to the outer canthus as one inch; this rule is used throughout.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.1.4

Source원문

○神庭至曲差, 曲差至本神, 本神至頭維各一寸半, 自神庭至頭維共四寸半. 《神應》

Translation영역

From Sinjeong (GV-24) to Gokcha (BL-4), from Gokcha to Bonsin (GB-13), and from Bonsin to Duyu (ST-8) is one and a half inches each; from Sinjeong to Duyu is four and a half inches in all.

Sineung 神應

1.7.2 Inches of the Chest and Upper Back 膺腧部寸

1.7.2.1

Source원문

兩乳橫折作八寸, 並用此法取之. 自天突至膻中, 直折作六寸八分, 下行一寸六分爲中庭. 上取天突, 下至中庭, 共折作八寸四分. 《神應》

Translation영역

The transverse distance between the two nipples is divided into eight inches, and this rule is used throughout. From Cheondol (CV-22) down to Danjung (CV-17), divide vertically into six inches eight tenths; a further one inch six tenths down is Jungjeong (CV-16). From Cheondol above to Jungjeong below is eight inches four tenths in all.

Clinical note임상 주석

The eight-inch internipple line is the transverse unit for the whole chest and abdomen, and 1.7.4 below refers back to it. On a woman or an obese patient the nipples sit lower and wider than the landmark assumes, which is why modern texts measure the chest from the midline and the ribs instead.

Sineung 神應

1.7.3 Inches of the Back 背部寸

1.7.3.1

Source원문

大顀穴下至尾骶骨, 共二十一顀, 通折作三尺.

Translation영역

From Daechui (GV-14) down to the coccyx is twenty-one vertebrae in all, divided altogether into three feet.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.3.2

Source원문

○上七顀, 每顀一寸四分一釐, 共九寸八分七釐.

Translation영역

For the upper seven vertebrae, each vertebra is one inch four tenths one hundredth, nine inches eight tenths seven hundredths in all.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.3.3

Source원문

○中七顀, 每顀一寸六分一釐. 十四顀前與臍平, 共二尺一寸一分四釐.

Translation영역

For the middle seven vertebrae, each vertebra is one inch six tenths one hundredth. The fourteenth vertebra is level in front with the navel; two feet one inch one tenth four hundredths in all.

Clinical note임상 주석

十四顀前與臍平 is a cross-check the practitioner can perform on the patient: if the count down the spine does not arrive level with the navel, the count has gone wrong. The arithmetic here is exact to the hundredth of an inch, which is finer than any hand can mark — the figures are a division of the whole, not a target.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.3.4

Source원문

○下七顀, 每一寸二分六釐.

Translation영역

For the lower seven vertebrae, each is one inch two tenths six hundredths.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.3.5

Source원문

○背第二行, 挾脊各一寸半, 除脊一寸, 共折作四寸, 分兩傍.

Translation영역

For the second line of the back, one and a half inches to each side of the spine: setting aside one inch for the spine, divide four inches in all between the two sides.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.3.6

Source원문

○背第三行, 挾脊各三寸, 除脊一寸, 共折作七寸, 分兩傍. 《神應》

Translation영역

For the third line of the back, three inches to each side of the spine: setting aside one inch for the spine, divide seven inches in all between the two sides.

Clinical note임상 주석

除脊一寸 — subtract an inch for the spine itself — is why the bladder line falls at one and a half inches from the midline and not at two: the inch of spinous process is taken out of the measurement first.

Sineung 神應

1.7.4 Inches of the Abdomen 腹部寸

1.7.4.1

Source원문

自中行心蔽骨下至臍, 共折作八寸. 人若無心蔽骨者, 取歧骨下至臍心, 共折作九寸.

Translation영역

Along the midline, from below the xiphoid process down to the navel, divide into eight inches in all. If a person has no xiphoid process, take from below the fork of the ribs down to the centre of the navel and divide into nine inches in all.

Clinical note임상 주석

Another substitute landmark for a patient in whom the first is absent — and the substitution changes the figure, from eight inches to nine, because the fork of the ribs sits an inch higher.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.4.2

Source원문

○臍中至毛際橫骨, 折作五寸取之.

Translation영역

From the centre of the navel to the pubic bone at the hairline, divide into five inches and take the points by that.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.7.4.3

Source원문

○膺部·腹部橫寸, 並用乳間八寸法取之. 《神應》

Translation영역

For transverse inches of the chest and abdomen, the eight-inch internipple rule is used throughout.

Sineung 神應

1.7.5 The Feet and Inches of the Human Body 人身尺寸

1.7.5.1

Source원문

人有長七尺五寸者, 髮以下至頤一尺. ○結喉至𩩲𩨗《鳩尾骨也》一尺三寸. ○𩩲𩨗至天樞八寸. ○天樞《穴名》至橫骨六寸半. ○橫骨至內輔上㢘一尺八寸. ○內輔上㢘至下㢘三寸半. ○內輔下㢘至內踝一尺三寸. ○內踝至地三寸. ○又膝膕至跗屬一尺六寸. ○跗屬至地三寸. ○又肩至肘一尺七寸. ○肘至腕一尺二寸半. ○腕至中指本節四寸. ○本節至末四寸半. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

In a person seven feet five inches tall: from the hair down to the chin, one foot. From the laryngeal prominence to the xiphoid (that is, the dovetail bone), one foot three inches. From the xiphoid to Cheonchu (ST-25), eight inches. From Cheonchu (a point name) to the pubic bone, six and a half inches. From the pubic bone to the upper border of the medial condyle, one foot eight inches. From the upper border of the medial condyle to the lower border, three and a half inches. From the lower border of the medial condyle to the medial malleolus, one foot three inches. From the medial malleolus to the ground, three inches. Again, from the popliteal crease to the instep, one foot six inches; from the instep to the ground, three inches. Again, from the shoulder to the elbow, one foot seven inches; from the elbow to the wrist, one foot two and a half inches; from the wrist to the knuckle of the middle finger, four inches; from the knuckle to the fingertip, four and a half inches.

Clinical note임상 주석

A standard body, given so that a measurement on any other body can be scaled against it. The two parentheses are the base text's own interlinear notes, glossing 𩩲𩨗 as the dovetail bone and 天樞 as a point name — the second because 天樞 is also an ordinary word.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.7.6 The Four-Finger Measure 一夫法

1.7.6.1

Source원문

凡量一夫之法, 覆手倂舒四指, 對度四指上下節橫過, 爲一夫也. 《資生》

Translation영역

The method of measuring one "man": turn the hand over, put the four fingers together and extend them, and measure across the upper and lower joints of the four fingers — this is one "man".

Clinical note임상 주석

The four-finger breadth, the quickest unit in the chapter and the one still used at the bedside: roughly three body-inches. 一夫 is the width of a man's hand, so like the body-inch it scales with the patient.

Jasaeng 資生

1.8 Preparing the Moxa 製艾法

1.8.1

Source원문

艾葉主灸百病. 三月三日·五月五日採葉暴乾, 以覆道者爲佳, 經陳久方可用. 《入門》

Translation영역

Mugwort leaf governs the cauterizing of a hundred diseases. Gather the leaves on the third day of the third month and the fifth day of the fifth month and dry them in the sun; those that overhang the road are best, and they may be used only after they have aged a long while.

Clinical note임상 주석

經陳久方可用 — only after long ageing — is the one instruction here that matters for the burn. Fresh mugwort holds moisture and oils, burns fast and hot and spits; aged, sifted floss burns slowly and evenly, which is what a cone on the skin needs.

Immun 入門

1.8.2

Source원문

○端午日日未出時, 於艾中以意求其似人者, 輒採之, 以灸殊有效. 又云, 三月三日艾, 用灸極妙. 《類聚》

Translation영역

On the day of the Dano festival, before the sun has risen, look among the mugwort for one that seems to have human form and gather it at once; used for cautery it is especially effective. It is also said that mugwort of the third day of the third month is most wonderful for cautery.

Clinical note임상 주석

A charm, not a selection criterion — the human-shaped plant is sympathetic magic. The dates themselves are not idle: early summer is when the leaf is full-grown and the aromatic oils are highest.

Yuchwi 類聚

1.8.3

Source원문

○取陳久黃艾葉, 不以多少, 入臼內, 用木杵輕搗令熟, 以細篩隔去靑滓, 再搗再篩, 直至柔細黃熟爲度, 用之. 《局方》

Translation영역

Take long-aged yellow mugwort leaves, any amount, put them in a mortar and pound them lightly with a wooden pestle until they are worked soft; sift out the green dross through a fine sieve, pound again and sift again, until they are soft, fine, yellow and worked through — that is the measure — and then use them.

Clinical note임상 주석

Pound, sift, repeat until only the pale fibre is left: this is how moxa floss is made, and the green dross sifted out is the leaf tissue that makes a cone spit and scorch.

Gukbang 局方

1.8.4

Source원문

○艾熟搗去靑取白, 入硫黃揉之, 用尤妙. 《入門》

Translation영역

Pound the mugwort well, discard the green and keep the white, work sulphur into it, and it is even more wonderful in use.

Clinical note임상 주석

Sulphur makes the cone ignite readily and burn hotter. It also produces sulphur dioxide at the skin and in the air the patient is breathing, which is reason enough not to reproduce this.

Immun 入門

1.9 Making the Moxa Cone 作艾炷法

1.9.1

Source원문

艾炷根下廣三分, 長亦三分. 若減此, 則不覆孔穴, 不中經脉, 火氣不行, 亦不能除病. 强壯人亦可稍增令大, 小兒則可如小麥大, 或如雀糞大. 《局方》

Translation영역

The moxa cone is three tenths broad at the base and three tenths tall. If it is smaller than this it does not cover the point, does not reach the channel vessel, the fire qi does not travel, and it cannot remove the disease. For a strong, robust person it may be made somewhat larger; for a small child it may be the size of a grain of wheat, or the size of a sparrow dropping.

Clinical note임상 주석

A floor on the cone, not a ceiling: too small and the heat never reaches depth, so the patient is burned for nothing. The wheat-grain cone for children is still the standard size in paediatric practice.

Gukbang 局方

1.9.2

Source원문

○艾炷依小竹筯頭作之. 其病脉麄細, 狀如巨線, 但令當脉灸之. 艾炷雖小, 亦能愈疾. 如腹內疝瘕·痃癖·氣塊·伏梁等疾, 惟須大艾炷也. 《入門》

Translation영역

Make the moxa cone to the size of the end of a small bamboo chopstick. Where the diseased vessel is coarse or fine, shaped like a great thread, simply cauterize directly over the vessel; though the cone be small, it can still cure the disease. But for such diseases as mounting conglomeration within the abdomen, string-like and aggregated masses, qi lumps and the lurking beam, large cones are required.

Clinical note임상 주석

Cone size set by what is being treated: small over a visible superficial vessel, large over a deep abdominal mass. 伏梁, the "lurking beam", is a palpable mass running below the navel.

Immun 入門

1.10 Obtaining the Fire 取火法

1.10.1

Source원문

古来用火灸病, 忌八般木火《松木·栢木·竹木·楡木·桑木·棗木·枳木·橘木》. 今則不用木火, 只以淸油㸃燈, 燈上燒艾莖㸃灸, 兼滋潤灸瘡, 至愈已来且無疼痛. 用蠟燭更佳.

Translation영역

From antiquity, in using fire to cauterize disease, the fires of eight kinds of wood were avoided (pine, cypress, bamboo, elm, mulberry, jujube, trifoliate orange and tangerine). Nowadays wood fire is not used at all: one simply lights a lamp with clear oil and burns the mugwort stalk at the lamp to light the cautery. It also moistens the moxa sore, so that until it heals there is no pain. Using a wax candle is better still.

Clinical note임상 주석

The eight forbidden woods are taboo, but the replacement is a real improvement: an oil lamp or candle gives a small, steady flame that lights a cone without scorching the surrounding skin, and the film of oil carried onto the site is what 滋潤灸瘡 refers to.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.10.2

Source원문

○又火珠耀日, 以艾承之, 遂得火出, 此火灸病爲良. 次有火照耀日, 以艾引之, 便得火出, 此火亦可. 火照卽火鏡也. 《局方》

Translation영역

Again, a fire-bead held up to the sun with mugwort beneath it will bring out fire, and this fire is good for cauterizing disease. Next there is the fire-mirror held up to the sun, drawing the mugwort to it, and fire comes out at once; this fire will do as well. The fire-mirror is a burning glass.

Clinical note임상 주석

A burning lens and a concave mirror. 火珠 is a glass or crystal bead — the oldest ignition device named in the chapter, and the cleanest, since nothing is added to the flame.

Gukbang 局方

1.10.3

Source원문

○凡取火者, 宜敲石取火. 今人以鐵鈍刀擊石, 先以紙灰爲火丸在下承之, 亦得火可用. 《資生》

Translation영역

In general one who takes fire should strike it from stone. People now strike the stone with a blunt iron blade, first setting a ball of paper ash beneath to catch it, and so get fire that can be used.

Jasaeng 資生

1.11 Lighting the Moxa and the Hour of Cauterizing 下火灸時法

1.11.1

Source원문

凡下火灸時, 皆以日正午以後, 乃可下火. 灸之之時, 謂隂氣未至, 灸無不着. 午前平旦穀氣虛, 令人癲眩, 不得鍼灸, 愼之愼之. 其大法如此, 卒急者不可用此例也. 若遇隂雨風雪, 暫時且停, 候待淸明, 乃可灸之. 灸時不得傷飽·大飢·飮酒·食生冷硬物, 及思慮·愁憂·嗔怒·呼罵·喪葬·嘆息, 一切不祥忌之大吉. 《千金》

Translation영역

Whenever fire is set for cautery, it may be set only after true noon. At the hour of cauterizing, it is said, the yin qi has not yet arrived, and no cautery fails to take. Before noon, at dawn, the grain qi is vacuous and it makes a person dizzy and faint, so needling and cautery must not be done — be careful, be careful. Such is the general rule; but in a sudden emergency this rule is not to be followed. If one meets with overcast rain, wind or snow, stop for a while and wait for clear weather, and then cauterize. At the time of cautery one must not be injuriously full, nor greatly hungry, nor have drunk wine, nor have eaten raw, cold or hard things; and brooding, grief, anger, shouting and cursing, funerals and sighing — to avoid everything inauspicious is most auspicious.

Clinical note임상 주석

The afternoon rule is cosmological, but the reason given for it is not: 平旦穀氣虛, 令人癲眩 is a fasting patient fainting. The exception for emergencies is the line that matters — the calendar yields to the case. The food, drink and emotion prohibitions are the ordinary precautions against vasovagal syncope, which is the commonest adverse event in needling to this day.

Cheongeum 千金

1.12 Moxibustion 灸法

1.12.1

Source원문

治病大法, 冬宜温及灸. 《仲景》

Translation영역

The great rule in treating disease: in winter, warming and cautery are appropriate.

Junggyeong 仲景

1.12.2

Source원문

○凡病藥之不及, 鍼之不到, 必須灸之. 《入門》

Translation영역

In any disease that medicinals do not reach and the needle does not arrive at, cautery is necessary.

Clinical note임상 주석

The sentence that places moxibustion in the therapeutic order: not a lesser needle but the third instrument, for what the other two cannot reach.

Immun 入門

1.12.3

Source원문

○靈樞曰, 䧟下則灸之. 東垣云, 䧟下者, 皮毛不任風寒, 知陽氣下䧟也.

Translation영역

The Lingshu says: when there is sinking downward, cauterize it. Dongwon says: sinking downward means that the skin and hair cannot bear wind and cold, by which one knows that the yang qi has sunk downward.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.12.4

Source원문

○又曰, 䧟下則徒灸之. 徒灸謂不鍼只灸也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It also says: when there is sinking downward, cauterize it alone. "Cauterize it alone" means not to needle but only to cauterize.

Gangmok 綱目

1.12.5

Source원문

○經云, 䧟下則灸之者, 天地間無他, 惟隂與陽二氣而已. 陽在外在上, 隂在內在下. 今言䧟下者, 陽氣下䧟入隂血之中, 是隂反居其上而覆其陽. 脉證俱見寒在外者, 則灸之. 內經云, 北方之人宜灸焫, 爲冬寒太旺, 伏陽在內, 皆宜灸之. 《東垣》

Translation영역

The classic says "when there is sinking downward, cauterize it" because between heaven and earth there is nothing else, only the two qi of yin and yang. Yang is outside and above, yin is inside and below. To speak now of sinking downward is for the yang qi to sink down into the midst of the yin blood, so that yin instead sits above it and covers over its yang. Where pulse and signs both show cold on the exterior, then cauterize. The Inner Classic says that people of the north are suited to cautery and burning, because the winter cold is too vigorous and hidden yang lies within; all such should be cauterized.

Dongwon 東垣

1.12.6

Source원문

○虛者灸之, 使火氣以助元陽也. 實者灸之, 使實邪隨火氣而發散也. 寒者灸之, 使其氣之復温也. 𤍠者灸之, 引欝𤍠之氣外發, 火就燥之義也. 《入門》

Translation영역

Cauterize the vacuous, so that the fire qi assists the original yang. Cauterize the replete, so that the repletion evil follows the fire qi and is dispersed outward. Cauterize the cold, so that its qi becomes warm again. Cauterize the hot, to draw the depressed heat qi to break out — this is the sense of fire going to what is dry.

Clinical note임상 주석

Moxa for heat as well as cold is the claim a modern reader will resist, and the mechanism offered is drainage, not warming: 引欝𤍠之氣外發, drawing depressed heat out. The practice survives as moxa over an abscess head.

Immun 入門

1.12.7

Source원문

○頭面諸陽之會, 𦙄膈二火之地, 不宜多灸. 背腹雖云多灸, 隂虛有火者不宜, 惟四肢穴最妙. 《入門》

Translation영역

The head and face are where all the yang meets, and the chest and diaphragm are the ground of the two fires: these should not be much cauterized. Although it is said that the back and abdomen may be much cauterized, it is not suitable for one with yin vacuity and fire; only the points of the four limbs are most wonderful.

Clinical note임상 주석

The safest sites named last, and they are the ones with the most tissue between skin and viscus. Compare 1.4: limited depth and few cones where bone or organ lies close beneath.

Immun 入門

1.12.8

Source원문

○凡灸當先陽後隂, 言從頭向左而漸下, 次後從頭向右而漸下, 乃先上後下也. 《千金》

Translation영역

In cauterizing, yang should come before yin — meaning from the head toward the left and gradually downward, then from the head toward the right and gradually downward; that is, above before below.

Cheongeum 千金

1.12.9

Source원문

○先灸於上, 後灸於下. 先灸於少, 後灸於多. 《明堂》

Translation영역

Cauterize above first and below after; cauterize the few first and the many after.

Myeongdang 明堂

1.12.10

Source원문

○灸則先陽後隂, 先上後下, 先少後多. 《入門》

Translation영역

In cauterizing: yang before yin, above before below, few before many.

Clinical note임상 주석

The three ordering rules compressed into one line. 先少後多 — few cones before many — is a graded exposure: the first cones tell the practitioner how this patient tolerates the heat before more are added.

Immun 入門

1.13 How Many Cones to Burn 壯數多少法

1.13.1

Source원문

着艾一炷, 如人丁壯之力, 故謂之壯.

Translation영역

Setting one cone of mugwort is likened to the strength of a man in his prime, and so it is called a "cone" — literally a "robust".

Clinical note임상 주석

The unit of moxibustion is the 壯, written with the character for a man in his prime. The whole section is about how many of them.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.13.2

Source원문

○凡頭頂, 止於七壯, 至七七壯而止.

Translation영역

On the crown of the head, stop at seven cones, and at most at seven times seven cones.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.13.3

Source원문

○鳩尾·巨闕雖是𦙄腹穴, 灸不過四七壯. 若灸多, 令人永無心力. 如頭上穴, 若灸多, 令人失精神. 臂脚穴, 若灸多, 令人血脉枯渴, 四肢細而無力. 旣失精神, 又加細瘦, 卽令人短壽. 《資生》

Translation영역

Although Gumi (CV-15) and Geogwol (CV-14) are points of the chest and abdomen, they are not cauterized beyond four times seven cones. Cauterize them much and a person is left for ever without strength of heart. As for points on the head, cauterize them much and a person loses spirit-brilliance. At points of the arm and leg, cauterize them much and the blood and vessels are withered dry, and the four limbs grow thin and weak. Having lost spirit-brilliance and grown thin besides, a person is shortened in life.

Clinical note임상 주석

A ceiling, not a target, and it is site-specific: the two points named sit over the xiphoid and the heart. 永無心力 — for ever without strength of heart — is the only permanent injury the chapter attributes to over-cauterizing.

Jasaeng 資生

1.13.4

Source원문

○四肢但去風邪, 不宜多灸, 七壯至七七壯止, 不得過隨年數. 《資生》

Translation영역

At the four limbs one only dispels wind evil, and much cautery is not appropriate: from seven cones up to seven times seven, and one must not exceed the number of the patient's years.

Clinical note임상 주석

隨年數 — one cone for each year of age — is a dose rule scaled to the patient, and here it is used as a ceiling rather than a prescription.

Jasaeng 資生

1.13.5

Source원문

○凡小兒七日以上·周年以下, 不過七壯, 炷如雀屎. 《資生》

Translation영역

For a small child over seven days old and under one year, not more than seven cones, the cone the size of a sparrow dropping.

Clinical note임상 주석

Compare 1.9, where the sparrow-dropping cone was given as the paediatric size. Here the count is capped as well as the size — both must come down for an infant, and seven days is the floor below which the chapter will not treat at all.

Jasaeng 資生

1.14 Bringing Out the Moxa Sore 發灸瘡法

1.14.1

Source원문

凡着灸療病, 雖然數足, 若不得瘡發膿出, 其疾不愈. 如灸瘡不發, 取故履底灸令𤍠熨之, 三日卽發膿出, 自然愈疾. 《局方》

Translation영역

In treating disease by setting cautery, though the count be complete, if the sore does not break out and pus does not come, the disease is not cured. If the moxa sore does not break out, take the sole of an old shoe, heat it in the fire and press it on; in three days it will break out and pus will come, and the disease is cured of itself.

Clinical note임상 주석

The classical practice wanted a suppurating sore and read it as the sign the treatment had taken — the opposite of the modern aim, where a blister is an adverse event. A heated shoe sole pressed to broken skin is a route for infection; read as history.

Gukbang 局方

1.14.2

Source원문

○又取赤皮葱三五莖, 去其靑, 於煻灰火中煨熟, 拍破𤍠熨灸瘡十餘遍, 三日自發膿出卽愈. 《局方》

Translation영역

Again, take three or five stalks of red-skinned scallion, remove the green, roast them done in the embers of ash fire, crush them and press them hot on the moxa sore ten times and more; in three days it breaks out of itself, pus comes, and it is cured.

Gukbang 局方

1.14.3

Source원문

○凡着艾灸, 得瘡發所患卽差, 不得瘡發其疾不愈. 灸後過數三日不發, 可於瘡上再灸兩三壯卽發. 《資生》

Translation영역

In setting mugwort cautery, if the sore breaks out the complaint is at once relieved; if the sore does not break out the disease is not cured. If two or three days pass after cautery without it breaking out, two or three more cones may be set on the sore and it will break out.

Jasaeng 資生

1.15 Treating the Moxa Sore 療灸瘡法

1.15.1

Source원문

凡着灸治病, 纔住火, 便用赤皮葱·薄荷煎湯, 温温淋洗灸瘡, 令驅逐風氣於瘡口內出, 兼令經脉往来不滯於瘡下. 若灸瘡退痂後, 取東南桃枝及靑嫰柳枝等分煎湯, 温洗灸瘡, 能護灸瘡中諸風. 若瘡內黑爛潰者, 加胡荽煎洗, 自能生好肉. 若疼痛不可忍, 加黃連煎洗, 立有神效. 《局方》

Translation영역

In treating disease by setting cautery, as soon as the fire is stopped, at once decoct red-skinned scallion and field mint and bathe the moxa sore with it lukewarm, so as to drive the wind qi out through the mouth of the sore, and also so that the coming and going of the channel vessels is not blocked beneath the sore. After the scab of the moxa sore has come away, take peach twigs from the southeast and green tender willow twigs in equal parts, decoct them, and wash the moxa sore warm; this can guard the moxa sore against the various winds. If within the sore it is black, macerated and ulcerating, add coriander to the decoction and wash with it, and good flesh will grow of itself. If the pain is unbearable, add coptis to the decoction and wash with it, and there is at once a wondrous effect.

Clinical note임상 주석

Wound care in four stages, each keyed to a finding: a wash while fresh, a different wash once the scab is off, coriander if the tissue is black and macerated, coptis if it hurts. Coptis is berberine-bearing and genuinely antibacterial; the staged observation is better practice than the reasoning behind it.

Gukbang 局方

1.15.2

Source원문

○凡貼灸瘡, 春用柳絮, 夏用竹膜, 秋用新綿, 冬用兎腹下白細毛, 猫兒腹下毛更佳. 《資生》

Translation영역

For dressing a moxa sore: in spring use willow catkin, in summer bamboo membrane, in autumn fresh cotton wool, in winter the fine white fur from under a rabbit's belly — and the fur from under a kitten's belly is better still.

Clinical note임상 주석

All four are soft, absorbent and non-adherent, which is what a dressing on a granulating sore needs; the seasonal frame is a mnemonic for what is to hand.

Jasaeng 資生

1.15.3

Source원문

○灸瘡不差, 牛屎燒𤍠灰付之. ○白茅香花搗付之. ○楸葉或根皮搗爲末付之. 《本草》

Translation영역

For a moxa sore that does not heal: burn ox dung to hot ash and apply it. Or pound the flowers of sweet-scented lemongrass and apply. Or pound the leaves or root bark of the Chinese catalpa to a powder and apply.

Clinical note임상 주석

The first of the three should not be reproduced: ox dung on an open sore is a tetanus route, and the ash does not remove that.

Boncho 本草

1.15.4

Source원문

○灸瘡久不合, 黃連·甘草節·白芷·黃丹·香油同煎膏貼之. 《丹心》

Translation영역

For a moxa sore that long fails to close: decoct coptis, licorice nodes, dahurian angelica, minium and sesame oil together into a salve and apply it.

Clinical note임상 주석

黃丹 is red lead, Pb3O4. A lead salve on an open sore absorbs systemically, and this one is not to be made.

Dansim 丹心

1.15.5

Source원문

○灸瘡腫痛, 取薤白切, 與猪脂及苦酒浸經宿, 微火煎, 去滓付之. ○伏龍肝煮水令𤍠, 淋漬之. 《本草》

Translation영역

For a moxa sore swollen and painful: slice Chinese chive bulb, steep it overnight with lard and bitter wine, decoct over a low fire, strain off the dregs and apply. Or boil furnace earth in water until hot and bathe and soak with it.

Boncho 本草

1.15.6

Source원문

○灸瘡出血不止, 藍靑布燒灰付之. ○鱧腸草搗付之. ○百草霜·蚌粉爲末乾糝. 《本草》

Translation영역

For a moxa sore bleeding without stopping: burn indigo-blue cloth to ash and apply it. Or pound eclipta and apply. Or powder stove soot and clam shell and dust it on dry.

Boncho 本草

1.15.7

Source원문

○灸瘡久不差, 宜用內托黃芪元·止痛生肌散. 《諸方》

Translation영역

For a moxa sore that long fails to heal, the Inward-Expressing Astragalus Pill and the Pain-Stopping Flesh-Engendering Powder are appropriate.

Clinical note임상 주석

The two formulas named here are the leaves the transcription prints immediately below this section, and they are added to the formula database with this chapter. The pair is taken inwardly and applied outwardly at the same time.

Jebang 諸方

1.16 Regulation and Nourishment 調養法

1.16.1

Source원문

凡灸, 預却𤍠物, 服滋腎藥. 及灸, 選其要穴, 不可太過, 恐氣血難當. 灸氣海及煉臍, 不可卧. 灸素火盛者, 雖單灸氣海, 亦必灸三里瀉火. 灸後未發, 不宜𤍠藥, 已發不宜凉藥. 常須調護脾胃, 竢其自發, 不必外用藥物. 發時或作寒𤍠, 亦不可妄服藥餌. 落痂後, 用竹膜紙貼三五日, 次以麻油·氷粉煎膏貼之. 膿多者一日一易, 膿少者兩日一易, 使膿出多而疾除也. 務宜撙節飮食, 戒生冷·油膩·魚鰕·笋蕨. 量食牛肉少雞, 長肉時方可量用猪肚·老鴨之類. 謹避四氣七情六慾. 《入門》

Translation영역

Before cautery, set aside hot foods beforehand and take kidney-enriching medicinals. In cauterizing, choose the essential points and do not go too far, for fear the qi and blood cannot bear it. In cauterizing Gihae (CV-6) and in refining the navel, the patient must not lie down. For one in whom fire is habitually exuberant, even if Gihae alone is cauterized, Samni (ST-36) must also be cauterized to drain the fire. After cautery, before the sore has broken out, hot medicinals are not appropriate; once it has broken out, cooling medicinals are not. One must constantly regulate and protect the spleen and stomach and wait for it to break out of itself; there is no need to apply medicinals outwardly. If chills and heat arise at the time of breaking out, medicinals must not be taken rashly either. After the scab falls, dress it with bamboo-membrane paper for three to five days, and then apply a salve decocted of sesame oil and camphor powder. Where the pus is copious, change it once a day; where the pus is scant, once in two days, so that much pus comes out and the disease is removed. One must be sparing in food and drink, and avoid raw and cold things, greasy and oily things, fish and shrimp, bamboo shoots and bracken. Eat beef in measure and little chicken; when the flesh is growing, pork tripe and old duck and the like may be used in measure. Carefully avoid the four qi, the seven affects and the six desires.

Clinical note임상 주석

The one whole-section passage in this part of the chapter, and it is aftercare: dressing intervals set by how much the sore discharges, a rule against treating the fever of suppuration, and a diet. The useful line for a modern reader is 灸素火盛者…亦必灸三里瀉火 — in a patient who runs hot, add a distal draining point before cauterizing a warming one.

Immun 入門

1.16.2

Source원문

○灸後忌食猪·魚·酒·麪·動風生冷等物. 雞肉最毒, 而房勞尤甚也. ○亦忌飮水及將水濯手足. 《資生》

Translation영역

After cautery, avoid eating pork, fish, wine, wheat noodles, and things that stir wind or are raw and cold. Chicken is the most noxious, and sexual taxation worse still. Also avoid drinking cold water and washing the hands and feet in water.

Jasaeng 資生

1.17 Needling and Moxibustion Are Not Applied Together 鍼灸不可並施

1.17.1

Source원문

內經言, 鍼而不灸, 灸而不鍼. 庸醫鍼而復灸, 灸而復鍼. 後之醫者, 不明軒歧之道, 鍼而復灸, 灸而復鍼者有之. 殊不知書中所言某穴在某處, 或鍼幾分, 或灸幾壯, 此言若用鍼當用幾分, 若用灸當用幾壯, 謂其穴灸者不可復鍼, 鍼者不可復灸矣. 今之醫者, 凡灸必先灸三壯, 乃用鍼復灸數壯, 謂之透火艾之說, 是不識書中軒歧之旨也. 《神應》

Translation영역

The Inner Classic says: needle and do not cauterize; cauterize and do not needle. The mediocre physician needles and then cauterizes, cauterizes and then needles. Among later physicians there are those who, not understanding the way of Xuanyuan and Qibo, needle and then cauterize, cauterize and then needle. They quite fail to understand that where the books say "such a point lies in such a place, needle it so many tenths, or cauterize it so many cones", this means: if you use the needle, use so many tenths; if you use cautery, use so many cones — that is, a point that has been cauterized may not then be needled, and one that has been needled may not then be cauterized. Physicians of today, whenever they cauterize, invariably first burn three cones, then use the needle and cauterize several cones again, and call it the doctrine of "driving the fire through the moxa" — this is not to know the intent of Xuanyuan and Qibo in the books.

Clinical note임상 주석

The reading turned on a grammatical point: 或…或… is "either … or", not "both". Whether the classics meant it so is arguable, but the practical warning stands — a cauterized point has a burn in it, and needling through a burn is how a moxa site becomes infected.

Sineung 神應

1.17.2

Source원문

○昔宏綱先生嘗言, 惟腹上用鍼, 隨灸數壯, 以固其穴, 他處忌之. 云此亦醫家權變之說也. 《神應》

Translation영역

Master Honggang once said that only on the abdomen is the needle used and then several cones cauterized after it, so as to secure the point; elsewhere this is to be avoided. It is said that this too is a physician's doctrine of expedient adaptation.

Clinical note임상 주석

The exception is granted for the abdomen alone, and 權變 — expedient adaptation — marks it as a departure from the rule rather than a refutation of it.

Sineung 神應

1.17.3

Source원문

○問, 鍼經云《卽靈樞經也》鍼幾分, 灸幾壯, 鍼訖而後灸, 何也. 曰, 鍼則鍼, 灸則灸, 若鍼而不灸, 若灸而不鍼. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Question: the Needle Classic (that is, the Lingshu) says "needle so many tenths, cauterize so many cones" — does it mean to cauterize after the needling is finished? Answer: if needling, then needle; if cauterizing, then cauterize — as in "needle and do not cauterize, cauterize and do not needle".

Gangmok 綱目

1.17.4

Source원문

○灸而勿鍼, 鍼而勿灸, 鍼經爲此常丁寧. 庸醫鍼灸一齊用, 徒施患者炮烙刑. 《入門》

Translation영역

Cauterize and do not needle, needle and do not cauterize — the Needle Classic is always earnest about this. The mediocre physician uses needle and cautery both at once, and merely inflicts on the patient the punishment of roasting and branding.

Clinical note임상 주석

炮烙刑, the punishment of roasting and branding, was a judicial torture. The chapter is willing to call unnecessary treatment by that name.

Immun 入門

1.18 Those Who Cannot Bear Needling or Moxibustion 不耐鍼灸

1.18.1

Source원문

帝問曰, 鍼石火焫之痛何如. 少兪曰, 人之骨强筋弱肉緩皮膚厚者耐痛. 帝曰, 其耐火焫者, 何以知之. 少兪曰, 加以黑色而美骨者耐火焫. 帝曰, 其不耐鍼石之痛者, 何以知之. 少兪曰, 堅肉薄皮者, 不耐鍼石之痛也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The Emperor asked: how is it with the pain of needle, stone and fire-burning? Shaoyu said: one whose bones are strong, sinews weak, flesh slack and skin thick endures pain. The Emperor said: how is one who endures fire-burning to be known? Shaoyu said: add to that a dark complexion and fine bones, and he endures fire-burning. The Emperor said: how is one who does not endure the pain of needle and stone to be known? Shaoyu said: one whose flesh is firm and skin thin does not endure the pain of needle and stone.

Clinical note임상 주석

A section on how much pain a given patient will take, answered by build: thick slack flesh tolerates, thin skin over firm muscle does not. 鍼石 is needle and lancing stone together — the stone is the older instrument, kept in the phrase. The observation is sound even where the physiognomy is not: a thin, taut patient feels the needle more, and the dose should come down before the first insertion, not after.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.19 In Using the Needle One Must Accord with the Season 用鍼須合天時

1.19.1

Source원문

天温日明, 則人血淖液而衛氣浮, 故血易瀉, 氣易行. 天寒日隂, 則人血凝澁而衛氣沉. 月始生則血氣始精, 衛氣始行. 月廓滿則血氣實, 肌肉堅. 月廓空則肌肉減, 經絡虛, 衛氣去, 形獨居. 是以因天時而調血氣也. 是以天寒無刺, 天温無凝, 月生無瀉, 月滿無補, 月廓空無治, 是謂得時而調之. 故曰, 月生而瀉, 是謂蔵虛. 月滿而補, 血氣揚溢, 絡有留血, 命曰重實. 月廓空而治, 是謂亂經, 隂陽相錯, 真邪不別, 沉以留止, 外虛內亂, 淫邪乃起. 《內經》

Translation영역

When the weather is warm and the day bright, a person's blood is fluid and the defence qi floats, and so blood is easily drained and qi easily moved. When the weather is cold and the day overcast, a person's blood congeals and is astringed and the defence qi sinks. When the moon first appears, the blood and qi begin to be refined and the defence qi begins to move. When the orb of the moon is full, the blood and qi are replete and the muscles firm. When the orb of the moon is empty, the muscles are diminished, the channels and network vessels are vacuous, the defence qi departs and the form dwells alone. Therefore one regulates the blood and qi according to the season of heaven. Therefore: when the weather is cold, do not pierce; when warm, do not let it congeal; when the moon is waxing, do not drain; when the moon is full, do not supplement; when the orb of the moon is empty, do not treat — this is called getting the time and regulating by it. Hence it is said: to drain when the moon is waxing is called making the viscera vacuous. To supplement when the moon is full, so that the blood and qi overflow and the network vessels have blood lodged in them, is named doubled repletion. To treat when the orb of the moon is empty is called disordering the channels: yin and yang are confounded with each other, true and evil are not distinguished, what has sunk stays lodged, outside is vacuous and inside disordered, and licentious evil then arises.

Clinical note임상 주석

A lunar prescribing calendar, and the one line a modern reader can use is the first: blood drains more freely from a warm patient than from a cold one. The rest is the four-phase rule — no draining waxing, no supplementing full, no treating at the dark of the moon — and the chapter states it as absolutely as it states the anatomical limits.

Naegyeong 內經

1.20 Supplementing and Draining with the Needle 鍼補瀉法

1.20.1

Source원문

必先度其形之肥瘦, 以調其氣之虛實. 實則瀉之, 虛則補之. 必先去血脉而後調之, 無問其病, 以平爲期. 《內經》

Translation영역

One must first measure whether the form is fat or thin, and so regulate whether its qi is vacuous or replete. If replete, drain it; if vacuous, supplement it. One must first remove the blood vessel and afterwards regulate, and whatever the disease may be, take evenness as the goal.

Clinical note임상 주석

以平爲期 — evenness as the goal — is the aim the whole chapter works toward, and it is stated without reference to the diagnosis: 無問其病.

Naegyeong 內經

1.20.2

Source원문

○補虛者, 必先捫而循之, 切而散之, 推而按之, 彈而怒之, 抓而下之, 通而取之, 外引其門, 以閉其神. 呼盡納鍼, 靜而久留, 以氣至爲故, 候吸引鍼, 氣不得出, 各在其處, 推闔其門, 令神氣存, 大氣留止, 命曰補.

Translation영역

In supplementing a vacuity, one must first stroke and follow along it, press and disperse it, push and bear down on it, flick it so that it rises, scratch and send it down, open through and take it, draw its gate outward so as to close in its spirit. At the end of the out-breath the needle is inserted; quietly it is retained long, taking the arrival of qi as the aim. Await the in-breath to withdraw the needle, so that the qi cannot get out and each stays in its place; push the gate shut, make the spirit qi abide and the great qi stay lodged. This is named supplementation.

Clinical note임상 주석

Six preparatory manoeuvres before the needle goes in — all of them palpation — and then the breath: in on the out-breath, out on the in-breath. The modern 迎隨補瀉 and the breath-coordinated techniques descend from this passage.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.20.3

Source원문

○瀉實者, 吸則納鍼, 無令氣忤, 靜以久留, 無令邪布. 吸則轉鍼, 以得氣爲故. 候呼引鍼, 呼盡乃去, 大氣皆出, 故命曰瀉. 《內經》

Translation영역

In draining a repletion, the needle is inserted on the in-breath, so that the qi is not set at odds; quietly it is retained long, so that the evil is not spread. On the in-breath the needle is turned, taking the obtaining of qi as the aim. Await the out-breath to withdraw the needle, and at the end of the out-breath remove it, so that the great qi all comes out — hence it is named draining.

Clinical note임상 주석

Exactly the reverse of the preceding: in on the in-breath, out on the out-breath, and the gate left open. The pair is the oldest statement of supplementation and drainage as a matter of timing rather than of force.

Naegyeong 內經

1.20.4

Source원문

○知爲鍼者信其左, 不知爲鍼者信其右. 當刺之時, 必先以左手厭按其所鍼滎腧之處, 彈而怒之, 爪而下之, 其氣之来如動脉之狀, 順鍼而刺之, 得氣, 因推而納之, 是謂補. 動而伸之, 是謂瀉. 《難經》

Translation영역

One who knows how to needle trusts his left hand; one who does not know how to needle trusts his right. At the moment of piercing, one must first press down with the left hand on the place of the spring and stream points to be needled, flick it so that it rises and scratch it so that it goes down; when its qi comes like the form of a stirring pulse, follow it with the needle and pierce. Having obtained the qi, then push and insert — this is called supplementation; move and draw it out — this is called draining.

Clinical note임상 주석

信其左 — trust the left hand. The pressing hand finds and holds the point and feels the arrival of qi; the needling hand only executes. This is still the first thing taught about needle technique.

Nangyeong 難經

1.20.5

Source원문

○補者, 隨經脉推而納之, 左手閉鍼孔, 徐出鍼而疾按之. 瀉者, 迎經脉動而伸之, 左手閉鍼孔, 疾出鍼而徐按之. 隨而濟之, 是謂補. 迎而奪之, 是謂瀉. 《難經》

Translation영역

In supplementing, follow the channel vessel, push and insert; the left hand closes the needle hole, the needle is withdrawn slowly and the hole pressed quickly. In draining, go against the channel vessel, move and draw out; the left hand closes the needle hole, the needle is withdrawn quickly and the hole pressed slowly. To follow and aid is called supplementation; to meet and seize is called draining.

Clinical note임상 주석

Four variables, each inverted between the two: direction along the channel, insertion versus withdrawal, the speed of withdrawal, and the speed of closing the hole. 隨而濟之·迎而奪之 is the formulation that gave the technique its Korean name, 영수보사.

Nangyeong 難經

1.20.6

Source원문

○刺虛者須其實, 刺實者須其虛. 解云, 刺實須其虛者, 爲鍼隂氣隆至, 鍼下寒乃去鍼也. 刺虛須其實者, 爲鍼陽氣隆至, 鍼下𤍠乃去鍼也. 註云, 要以氣至而有效也. 《內經》

Translation영역

In piercing a vacuity, wait for its repletion; in piercing a repletion, wait for its vacuity. The exposition says: "in piercing a repletion wait for its vacuity" means that on needling the yin qi arrives abundantly, and when it is cold under the needle the needle is removed. "In piercing a vacuity wait for its repletion" means that on needling the yang qi arrives abundantly, and when it is hot under the needle the needle is removed. The commentary says: the essential thing is that the qi arrives, and then there is effect.

Clinical note임상 주석

The endpoint is a sensation under the needle — cold for drainage, heat for supplementation — not a count of rotations. 以氣至而有效 is the chapter's criterion of effect throughout.

Naegyeong 內經

1.20.7

Source원문

○候氣有二, 一曰邪氣, 二曰穀氣. 邪氣来也緊而疾, 穀氣来也徐而和. 緊而疾者, 補而未實, 瀉而未虛也. 徐而和者, 補而已實《已當作易》, 瀉而已虛也.

Translation영역

There are two kinds of qi to await: the first is called evil qi, the second grain qi. The evil qi comes tight and quick; the grain qi comes slow and harmonious. Where it is tight and quick, one supplements and it does not become replete, drains and it does not become vacuous. Where it is slow and harmonious, one supplements and it is already replete (已 should be written 易, "readily"), drains and it is already vacuous.

Clinical note임상 주석

A reading of the needle sensation that sorts the responsive patient from the unresponsive one: a slow, even arrival answers to treatment, a tight and quick one does not. The book carries its own emendation inside the line.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.20.8

Source원문

○脉實者深刺之, 以泄其氣. 脉虛者淺刺之, 使精氣無得出, 以養其脉, 獨出其邪氣也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

Where the vessel is replete, pierce deeply so as to discharge its qi. Where the vessel is vacuous, pierce shallowly so that the essential qi cannot get out, so as to nourish the vessel, and only its evil qi comes out.

Clinical note임상 주석

Depth as the supplementing and draining variable, and the clearest statement of it in the chapter: deep to let out, shallow to keep in.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.20.9

Source원문

○左手重而切按, 欲令氣散. 右手輕而徐入, 不痛之因也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

The left hand presses heavily and firmly, so as to make the qi disperse; the right hand enters lightly and slowly — this is the reason it does not hurt.

Clinical note임상 주석

Heavy pressure beside the point and a slow light insertion: counter-stimulation and a gentle hand, which is still the practical answer to a painful insertion.

Gangmok 綱目

1.21 In Using the Needle One Should Examine Counterflow and Compliance 用鍼宜審逆順

1.21.1

Source원문

帝曰, 形氣之逆順柰何. 歧伯曰, 形氣不足, 病氣有餘, 是邪勝也, 急瀉之. 形氣有餘, 病氣不足, 急補之. 形氣不足, 病氣不足, 此隂陽俱不足也, 不可刺之, 刺之重不足, 重不足則隂陽俱竭, 血氣皆盡, 五蔵空虛, 筋骨髓枯, 老者絶滅, 壯者不復矣. 形氣有餘, 病氣有餘, 此謂隂陽俱有餘也, 急瀉其邪, 調其虛實. 故曰, 有餘者瀉之, 不足者補之, 此之謂也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The Emperor said: how is it with the counterflow and compliance of form and qi? Qibo said: if form and qi are insufficient and the disease qi is in surplus, the evil prevails — drain it urgently. If form and qi are in surplus and the disease qi insufficient, supplement urgently. If form and qi are insufficient and the disease qi also insufficient, this is yin and yang both insufficient, and it may not be pierced; to pierce it is to double the insufficiency, and doubled insufficiency means yin and yang both exhausted, blood and qi all spent, the five viscera empty, sinew, bone and marrow withered — the old are cut off and perish, the robust do not recover. If form and qi are in surplus and the disease qi in surplus, this is called yin and yang both in surplus: drain its evil urgently and regulate its vacuity and repletion. Hence it is said: drain what is in surplus, supplement what is insufficient — this is what is meant.

Clinical note임상 주석

Four quadrants of form-qi against disease-qi, and the one that forbids needling is the doubly deficient patient — the frail, depleted, chronically ill. 老者絶滅, 壯者不復 is the strongest contraindication the chapter states, and 1.23 below builds its whole argument on it.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.21.2

Source원문

○刺不知逆順, 真邪相薄. 滿而補之, 則隂陽四溢, 腸胃充郭, 肝肺內䐜, 隂陽相錯. 虛而瀉之, 則經脉空虛, 血氣枯竭, 腸胃㒤僻, 皮膚薄着, 毛腠夭焦, 予之死期. 故曰, 用鍼之要, 在于知調隂與陽. 調隂與陽, 精氣乃光, 合形與氣, 使神內蔵. 故曰, 上工平氣, 中工亂脉, 下工絶氣危生. 故曰, 下工不可不愼也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

To pierce without knowing counterflow and compliance is for true and evil to clash with each other. Supplement what is full, and yin and yang overflow in all four directions, the intestines and stomach are stuffed out, the liver and lung are distended within, yin and yang are confounded. Drain what is vacuous, and the channel vessels are emptied, the blood and qi withered and exhausted, the intestines and stomach shrivelled and twisted, the skin thin and clinging, the hair and interstices withered and scorched — one may give such a patient a date of death. Hence it is said: the essential of using the needle lies in knowing how to regulate yin and yang. Regulate yin and yang and the essential qi then shines; join form with qi and make the spirit be stored within. Hence it is said: the superior workman evens the qi, the middling workman disorders the vessels, the inferior workman cuts off the qi and endangers life. Hence it is said: the inferior workman cannot but be careful.

Clinical note임상 주석

予之死期 — one may give such a patient a date of death — is said of draining a vacuous patient, not of the disease. The three grades of workman are a ranking by harm done, and the chapter puts the needle itself among the causes of death it has to warn against.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.22 In the Five Despoliations Do Not Drain with the Needle 五奪勿用鍼瀉

1.22.1

Source원문

帝曰, 何謂五奪. 歧伯曰, 形肉已脫, 是一奪也. 大失血之後, 是二奪也. 大汗出之後, 是三奪也. 大泄之後, 是四奪也. 新産下血之後, 五奪也. 皆不可鍼瀉. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The Emperor said: what is meant by the five despoliations? Qibo said: when the flesh of the form has already fallen away, that is the first despoliation. After a great loss of blood, that is the second. After a great sweating, that is the third. After a great discharge, that is the fourth. After bleeding at a recent birth, that is the fifth. In none of them may one drain with the needle.

Clinical note임상 주석

Five states in which draining is forbidden outright, and every one of them is a volume loss: wasting, haemorrhage, profuse sweating, profuse diarrhoea, postpartum bleeding. This is the chapter's list of absolute contraindications, and it needs no theory — a depleted patient should not be drained further.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.23 Needling Has Draining but No Supplementing 鍼法有瀉無補

1.23.1

Source원문

鍼刺雖有補瀉之法, 予恐但有瀉而無補焉. 經謂瀉者迎而奪之, 以鍼迎其經脉之来氣而出之, 固可以瀉實也. 謂補者隨而濟之, 以鍼隨其經脉之去氣而留之, 未必能補虛也. 不然, 內經何以曰, 無刺熇熇之𤍠, 無刺渾渾之脉, 無刺漉漉之汗, 無刺大勞人, 無刺大飢人, 無刺大渴人, 無刺新飽人, 無刺大驚人. 又曰, 形氣不足, 病氣不足, 此隂陽皆不足, 不可刺, 刺之則重竭其氣, 老者絶滅, 壯者不復矣. 若此等語, 皆有瀉無補之謂也. 凡虛損·危病·久病, 俱不宜用鍼. 《入門》

Translation영역

Although needling has methods of supplementation and drainage, I fear there is only drainage and no supplementation. The classic calls draining "to meet and seize": to meet with the needle the coming qi of the channel vessel and let it out — this can certainly drain a repletion. It calls supplementing "to follow and aid": to follow with the needle the departing qi of the channel vessel and retain it — this cannot necessarily supplement a vacuity. Were it not so, why would the Inner Classic say: do not pierce a blazing heat, do not pierce a turbid pulse, do not pierce a streaming sweat, do not pierce one greatly taxed, do not pierce one greatly hungry, do not pierce one greatly thirsty, do not pierce one newly full, do not pierce one greatly frightened? And again: if form and qi are insufficient and the disease qi insufficient, this is yin and yang both insufficient and may not be pierced; to pierce it is to doubly exhaust the qi, and the old are cut off and perish, the robust do not recover. All such sayings mean that there is drainage and no supplementation. In vacuity detriment, in critical disease and in chronic disease, the needle is in no case appropriate.

Clinical note임상 주석

The most sceptical section in the chapter, and the argument is from the contraindications: if needling could supplement, the classics would not forbid it in every depleted state. The conclusion — 虛損·危病·久病, 俱不宜用鍼 — is a real limit on practice, and the reason moxibustion carries the supplementing role in the Korean tradition. It also sits against 1.20, which gives supplementing technique in detail; the Bogam prints both and does not reconcile them.

Immun 入門

1.24 Supplementing and Draining with Moxa 灸補瀉法

1.24.1

Source원문

灸法有補瀉火. 若補火, 艾滅至肉. 若瀉火, 不要至肉, 便掃除之, 用口吹之, 風主散故也. 《丹心》

Translation영역

Cautery has a supplementing and a draining fire. If supplementing with fire, let the mugwort burn out down to the flesh. If draining with fire, do not let it reach the flesh but sweep it away at once and blow on it with the mouth, because wind governs dispersal.

Clinical note임상 주석

The variable is whether the cone is allowed to burn down. Burning to the flesh supplements; sweeping it off early and blowing drains. The blowing is the dispersing act, not merely cooling.

Dansim 丹心

1.24.2

Source원문

○以火補者, 毋吹其火, 須自滅也. 以火瀉者, 疾吹其火, 傳至艾, 須其火滅也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

One who supplements with fire does not blow on it but must let it go out of itself. One who drains with fire blows on it quickly, passing the flame to the mugwort, and must let its fire go out.

Clinical note임상 주석

The same rule from the older source, and the two agree: blow to drain, let it die to supplement.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.25 What Is Forbidden in Needling and Moxibustion 鍼灸禁忌

1.25.1

Source원문

凡鍼刺之禁. ○新內勿刺, 已刺勿內. ○已刺勿醉, 已醉勿刺. ○新怒勿刺, 已刺勿怒. ○新勞勿刺, 已刺勿勞. ○已飽勿刺, 已刺勿飽. ○已飢勿刺, 已刺勿飢. ○已渴勿刺, 已刺勿渴. ○大驚大恐, 必定其氣乃刺之. ○乘車来者, 卧而休之, 如食頃乃刺之. 出行来者, 坐而休之, 如行十里久乃刺之. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The prohibitions of needling. After recent sexual intercourse do not pierce, and after piercing do not have intercourse. After piercing do not become drunk, and when drunk do not be pierced. After recent anger do not pierce, and after piercing do not become angry. After recent taxation do not pierce, and after piercing do not be taxed. When full do not pierce, and after piercing do not eat to fullness. When hungry do not pierce, and after piercing do not go hungry. When thirsty do not pierce, and after piercing do not go thirsty. After great fright and great fear, the qi must be settled before piercing. One who comes by carriage should lie down and rest about the time of a meal before being pierced; one who comes on foot should sit and rest about as long as it takes to walk ten li before being pierced.

Clinical note임상 주석

Seven paired prohibitions, each forbidding the state both before and after, and then the rest periods. Every item on the list is a condition that predisposes to fainting on the table: intercourse, drink, anger, exertion, a full or empty stomach, thirst, fright, arriving out of breath. This is the best practical section in the chapter and it is still sound.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.25.2

Source원문

○無刺大醉, 令人氣亂. 無刺大怒, 令人氣逆. 無刺大勞人, 無刺新飽人, 無刺大飢人, 無刺大渴人, 無刺大驚人. 《內經》

Translation영역

Do not pierce one greatly drunk, for it makes the qi disordered. Do not pierce one greatly angry, for it makes the qi counterflow. Do not pierce one greatly taxed, nor one newly full, nor one greatly hungry, nor one greatly thirsty, nor one greatly frightened.

Naegyeong 內經

1.25.3

Source원문

○微數之脉, 愼不可灸. 因火爲邪, 則爲煩逆, 追虛逐實, 血散脉中, 火氣雖微, 內攻有力, 焦骨傷筋, 血難復也. ○脉浮應以汗解, 用火灸之, 則邪無從出, 因火而盛, 從腰以下必重而痺, 名曰火逆. ○脉浮𤍠甚而反灸之, 此爲實實虛虛, 因火而動, 必咽燥吐唾血. 《仲景》

Translation영역

A faint and rapid pulse: be careful, it may not be cauterized. For the fire becomes an evil and makes vexation and counterflow, pursuing the vacuity and chasing the repletion; the blood scatters within the vessels, and though the fire qi be slight it has force to attack within, scorching the bone and injuring the sinew, and the blood is hard to restore. A floating pulse should be resolved by sweating; cauterize it with fire and the evil has no way out, but grows exuberant by the fire, and from the lumbus down there will surely be heaviness and impediment — this is named fire counterflow. A pulse floating with severe heat, cauterized in defiance of this, is repleting the replete and depleting the depleted; stirred by the fire, there will surely be dryness of the throat and the spitting of blood.

Clinical note임상 주석

Three moxibustion contraindications read from the pulse, all of them heat states: faint and rapid, floating, floating with high fever. 實實虛虛 — repleting the replete and depleting the depleted — is the classical name for treatment that drives the case the wrong way. Set this against 1.12, which allowed moxa for heat; the Bogam prints the objection too.

Junggyeong 仲景

1.26 Needling Requires Mastery of the Technique 鍼要得術

1.26.1

Source원문

五蔵之有疾也, 譬猶刺也, 猶汚也, 猶結也, 猶閉也. 善用鍼者, 取其疾也, 猶拔刺也, 猶雪汚也, 猶解結也, 猶决閉也. 疾雖久, 猶可畢也. 言不可治者, 未得其術也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

That the five viscera have a disease is like a splinter, like a stain, like a knot, like a blockage. One who is good at using the needle takes out the disease as one draws out a splinter, as one washes away a stain, as one unties a knot, as one clears a blockage. Though the disease be long-standing, it can still be finished with. To say that it cannot be treated is not to have got the technique.

Clinical note임상 주석

Four similes for what a needle does, and all four are removals rather than additions — which is the same claim 1.23 makes sceptically. The last sentence puts the failure on the practitioner, and read beside 1.21's 下工不可不愼 it is a hard standard rather than an encouragement.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.26.2

Source원문

○寒與𤍠爭, 能合而調之. 虛與實隣, 知决而通之. 左右不調, 犯而行之. 上氣不足, 推而揚之. 下氣不足, 積而從之. 隂陽皆虛, 火自當之. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

Where cold and heat contend, one can join them and regulate them. Where vacuity neighbours repletion, one knows to clear and open through. Where left and right are unregulated, one crosses over and treats. Where the qi above is insufficient, push and raise it. Where the qi below is insufficient, accumulate and follow it. Where yin and yang are both vacuous, fire is what answers to it.

Clinical note임상 주석

The last clause is the chapter deciding its own earlier argument: where both yin and yang are vacuous — the state 1.21 and 1.23 forbid needling in — 火自當之, fire is what answers. Moxa takes the case the needle must not.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.27 In Needling There Are Superior and Middling Workmen 鍼有上工中工

1.27.1

Source원문

上工治未病, 中工治已病者, 何謂也. 曰, 所謂治未病者, 見肝之病, 則知肝當傳之於脾, 故先實其脾氣, 無令得肝之邪也, 故曰治未病焉. 中工見肝之病, 不曉相傳, 但一心治肝, 故曰治已病也. 《難經》

Translation영역

That the superior workman treats what is not yet diseased and the middling workman treats what is already diseased — what does this mean? Answer: what is called treating what is not yet diseased is that, seeing a disease of the liver, one knows the liver will pass it on to the spleen, and so first replenishes the spleen qi so that it does not receive the liver's evil; hence it is called treating what is not yet diseased. The middling workman, seeing a disease of the liver, does not understand the passing on, but single-mindedly treats the liver; hence it is called treating what is already diseased.

Clinical note임상 주석

治未病 here is not prevention in general but the specific move of treating the organ next in the five-phase sequence of overcoming. The liver overcomes the spleen, so the spleen is secured first.

Nangyeong 難經

1.28 The Needle Enters and Catches the Flesh 鍼入着肉

1.28.1

Source원문

帝曰, 鍼入而肉着者, 何也. 歧伯曰, 𤍠氣因于鍼則鍼𤍠, 𤍠則肉着于鍼, 故堅焉. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The Emperor said: when the needle has entered and the flesh clings to it, what is the reason? Qibo said: the heat qi follows the needle and so the needle becomes hot; when it is hot the flesh clings to the needle, and hence it is held fast.

Clinical note임상 주석

A stuck needle, explained by heat. The real mechanism is muscle spasm around the shaft, and the classical remedy follows from the same observation: wait, press the surrounding tissue, let the muscle release, and do not pull.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.29 The Flow and the Points of the Twelve Channels 十二經脉流注腧穴

1.29.1

Source원문

十二經者, 手三陽·手三隂·足三陽·足三隂, 合爲十二經也.

Translation영역

The twelve channels are the three yang and three yin of the hand and the three yang and three yin of the foot, which together make the twelve channels.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.29.2

Source원문

○節之交, 三百六十五會. 所言節者, 神氣之所遊行出入也, 非皮肉筋骨也. 又曰, 神氣者, 正氣也. 神氣之所遊行出入者, 流注也. 井·滎·腧·經·合者, 本輸也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

At the crossings of the joints there are three hundred and sixty-five meetings. What is spoken of as a joint is where the spirit qi roams and travels, goes out and enters; it is not skin, flesh, sinew or bone. It also says: the spirit qi is the upright qi. Where the spirit qi roams and travels, goes out and enters, is the flow. Well, spring, stream, river and uniting are the root transports.

Clinical note임상 주석

非皮肉筋骨也 is the sentence that makes a point a functional site rather than a structure: the classic is explicit that it is not naming a tissue. The five root transports named at the end are the `type` column of the point records, and they are set out in 1.66 below.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.29.3

Source원문

○十二經, 一脉也, 略爲十二分而已也. 《東垣》

Translation영역

The twelve channels are one vessel, merely divided for convenience into twelve.

Clinical note임상 주석

A deflationary gloss, and worth holding onto while reading the twenty-four channel sections that follow: the divisions are a way of describing one continuous circulation.

Dongwon 東垣

1.30 The Flow of the Hand Great Yin Lung Channel 手太隂肺經流注

1.30.1

Source원문

手太隂之脉, 起於中焦《中府穴》, 下絡大腸, 環循胃口, 上膈屬肺, 從肺系橫出腋下《天府穴》, 下循臑內《肩下臂上通名曰臑》, 行少隂心主之前, 下肘中《臂上臑下接處曰肘, 卽尺澤穴》, 循臂內《臑下掌上名曰臂, 臂有二骨》上骨下㢘, 入寸口《經渠穴·太淵穴》, 上魚循魚際《魚際穴》, 出大指之端《少商穴》. 其支者《列缺穴》, 從腕後直出次指內㢘, 出其端《交入手陽明》. 是動則病肺脹滿, 膨膨而喘咳, 缺盆中痛, 甚則交兩手而𥉠, 此謂臂厥. 是主肺所生病者, 咳嗽上氣, 喘喝煩心, 𦙄滿, 臑臂內前㢘痛厥, 掌中𤍠. 氣盛有餘則肩背痛, 風寒汗出中風, 小便數而欠. 氣虛則肩背痛寒, 少氣不足以息. 盛者寸口大三倍於人迎, 虛者則寸口反小於人迎也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The vessel of the hand great yin arises in the middle burner (the point Jungbu, LU-1), descends to net the large intestine, circles and follows the mouth of the stomach, ascends through the diaphragm and belongs to the lung; from the lung system it emerges transversely below the armpit (the point Cheonbu, LU-3), descends along the inner upper arm (from below the shoulder to above the forearm is commonly named the upper arm), travels in front of the lesser yin and the heart ruler, and descends into the middle of the elbow (where the forearm above and the upper arm below join is called the elbow — that is, the point Cheoktaek, LU-5); it follows the inner forearm (from below the upper arm to above the palm is named the forearm, and the forearm has two bones) along the lower border of the upper bone, enters the inch opening (the points Gyeonggeo, LU-8, and Taeyeon, LU-9), ascends the fish and follows the fish border (the point Eoje, LU-10), and emerges at the tip of the thumb (the point Sosang, LU-11). Its branch (the point Yeolgyeol, LU-7) goes from behind the wrist straight out to the inner border of the index finger and emerges at its tip (crossing into the hand yang brightness). When it is stirred there is disease: the lung is distended and full, swollen with panting and cough, there is pain in the supraclavicular fossa, and in severe cases the two hands are crossed and the vision dims — this is called arm reversal. What it governs are the diseases arising in the lung: cough with qi ascending, panting and wheezing with vexation of the heart, fullness of the chest, pain and reversal along the front inner border of the upper arm and forearm, heat in the palm. If the qi is exuberant and in surplus there is pain in the shoulder and back, sweating in wind-cold and wind strike, frequent urination and yawning. If the qi is vacuous there is pain and cold in the shoulder and back, shortness of qi insufficient for breathing. Where it is exuberant the inch opening is three times larger than the Inyeong pulse; where vacuous, the inch opening is on the contrary smaller than the Inyeong.

Clinical note임상 주석

The channel course, its "stirring" signs and its "arising" signs, with the point names carried in the book's own interlinear notes — which is why those notes must be preserved rather than translated away: they are the book tying the course to the eleven points of 1.31. Note that the course is described from the chest outward to the thumb, while the point list in 1.31 runs the other way, from the thumb inward.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.30.2

Source원문

○每朝寅時, 從中府起, 循臂下行, 至少商穴止. 《入門》

Translation영역

Every morning at the hour of the tiger it starts from Jungbu (LU-1), travels down along the arm, and stops at the point Sosang (LU-11).

Clinical note임상 주석

The hour of the tiger is 3 to 5 a.m. This is the opening of the midnight-midday cycle set out in 1.65, which assigns each channel its two hours.

Immun 入門

1.31 The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right 手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.1 Lesser Shang 少商

LU-11소상 shaoshang 井 point listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.1.1

Source원문

在手大指端內側, 去爪甲角如韭葉. 手太隂脉之所出爲井. 鍼入一分, 留三呼, 瀉五吸, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the inner side of the tip of the thumb, a chive-leaf's width from the corner of the nail. It is where the vessel of the hand great yin issues, and is the well point. The needle enters one tenth and is retained three breaths, draining on five inhalations; moxa is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.1.2

Source원문

○出血以瀉諸蔵之𤍠. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

Letting blood here drains heat from all the viscera.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.31.1.3

Source원문

○以三稜鍼刺之, 微出血, 泄諸蔵𤍠溱.

Translation영역

Pierce it with the three-edged needle so that a little blood comes out, discharging the gathered heat of all the viscera.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.31.1.4

Source원문

○咽中腫塞, 水粒不下, 鍼之立愈. 《資生》

Translation영역

When the throat is swollen and blocked so that neither water nor a grain will go down, needling it cures at once.

Clinical note임상 주석

The one point in the channel where the book gives an acute indication with an immediate claim. Bleeding Sosang for a blocked, swollen throat is still done; the three-edged needle of 1.1.4 is the instrument named for it.

Jasaeng 資生

1.31.2 Fish Border 魚際

LU-10어제 yuji 滎 point listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.2.1

Source원문

在手大指本節後內側散脉中. 手太隂脉之所流爲滎. 鍼入二分, 留三呼, 禁不可灸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is behind the knuckle of the thumb on the inner side, amid the scattered vessels. It is where the vessel of the hand great yin flows, and is the spring point. The needle enters two tenths and is retained three breaths; moxa is forbidden.

Immun 入門

1.31.3 Great Abyss 太淵

LU-9태연 taiyuan 兪 point listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.3.1

Source원문

一名太泉. 在手掌後橫文頭䧟中. 一云在魚後一寸䧟者中. 手太隂脉之所注爲腧. 鍼入二分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Taecheon. It is in the hollow at the end of the transverse crease behind the palm. One account says it is in the hollow one inch behind the fish. It is where the vessel of the hand great yin pours, and is the stream point. The needle enters two tenths, and three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.4 Channel Ditch 經渠

LU-8경거 jingqu 經 point listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.4.1

Source원문

在寸口脉中. 手太隂脉之所行爲經. 鍼入二分, 留三呼, 禁不可灸, 灸之則傷人神. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the vessel of the inch opening. It is where the vessel of the hand great yin travels, and is the river point. The needle enters two tenths and is retained three breaths; moxa is forbidden, and to cauterize it injures a person's spirit.

Clinical note임상 주석

灸之則傷人神 — the point lies directly over the radial artery, and the prohibition is one of the chapter's better-grounded ones.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.5 Broken Sequence 列缺

LU-7열결 lieque 絡 point listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.5.1

Source원문

在去腕側上一寸五分, 以手交叉, 中指末兩筋兩骨罅中. 手太隂絡別走陽明. 鍼入二分, 留三呼, 瀉五吸, 可灸七壯. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is one inch five tenths above the side of the wrist; cross the hands, and it is in the cleft between the two sinews and two bones at the tip of the middle finger. It is the network vessel of the hand great yin, branching off to the yang brightness. The needle enters two tenths and is retained three breaths, draining on five inhalations; seven cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The cross-the-hands method is still how the point is found. It is the network point named in 1.56.1 below.

Jasaeng 資生

1.31.6 Collection Hole 孔最

LU-6공최 kongzui 郄 point listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.6.1

Source원문

在側腕上七寸宛宛中. 手太隂之郄. 鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is seven inches above the side of the wrist, in a hollow. It is the cleft point of the hand great yin. The needle enters three tenths, and five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.7 Cubit Marsh 尺澤

LU-5척택 chize 合 point listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.7.1

Source원문

在肘約文中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the crease of the elbow.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.7.2

Source원문

○肘中之動脉也. 又云, 肘中約文上動脉中. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is at the stirring vessel in the middle of the elbow. Another account says it is in the stirring vessel above the crease in the middle of the elbow.

Gangmok 綱目

1.31.7.3

Source원문

○在臂屈伸橫文中筋骨罅䧟中. 又云, 肘中約上兩筋動脉中. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow of the cleft between sinew and bone at the transverse crease where the arm bends and straightens. Another account says it is in the stirring vessel between the two sinews above the crease in the middle of the elbow.

Jasaeng 資生

1.31.7.4

Source원문

○手太隂脉之所入爲合. 鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the hand great yin enters, and is the uniting point. The needle enters three tenths, and five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.7.5

Source원문

○一云不宜灸. 《入門》

Translation영역

One account says moxa is not appropriate.

Clinical note임상 주석

Four sources are quoted for the location alone, which is how the book handles a point whose landmark is disputed — and the last line leaves the moxa question open rather than settling it. The brachial artery lies at the point, which is the reason behind both the care over the landmark and the doubt about cauterizing.

Immun 入門

1.31.8 Chivalry White 俠白

LU-4협백 xiabai listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.8.1

Source원문

在天府下, 在肘上五寸動脉中. 鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is below Cheonbu (LU-3), in the stirring vessel five inches above the elbow. The needle enters three tenths, and five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.9 Celestial Storehouse 天府

LU-3천부 tianfu listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.9.1

Source원문

在腋下三寸, 臑臂內㢘動脉中, 擧手以鼻取之. 鍼入三分, 留三呼, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches below the armpit, in the stirring vessel on the inner border of the upper arm; raise the hand and locate it with the nose. The needle enters three tenths and is retained three breaths; moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

擧手以鼻取之 — raise the arm and the point falls where the nose touches. A self-scaling landmark of the kind 1.7 argues for.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.10 Cloud Gate 雲門

LU-2운문 yunmen listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.10.1

Source원문

在巨骨下, 挾氣戶傍二寸䧟中, 動脉應手, 擧臂取之. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is below the great bone, in the hollow two inches to the side of Giho (ST-13), where a stirring vessel answers the hand; raise the arm to locate it.

Dongin 銅人

1.31.10.2

Source원문

○在人迎下第二骨間, 相去二寸四分. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is in the second intercostal space below Inyeong (ST-9), two inches four tenths apart.

Jasaeng 資生

1.31.10.3

Source원문

○可灸五壯, 鍼入三分. 刺深則使人氣逆, 故不宜深刺. 《甲乙》

Translation영역

Five cones may be burned and the needle enters three tenths. To pierce deeply makes a person's qi counterflow, and so deep piercing is not appropriate.

Clinical note임상 주석

刺深則使人氣逆 is a pneumothorax described in the terms available. The point sits in the first intercostal space below the clavicle, and three tenths of an inch is the limit for a reason.

Gabeul 甲乙

1.31.11 Central Treasury 中府

LU-1중부 zhongfu listed under The Hand Great Yin Lung Channel: Twenty-Two Points, Left and Right手太隂肺經左右凡二十二穴

1.31.11.1

Source원문

肺之募也. 一名膺中腧. 在雲門下一寸䧟中, 乳上三肋間, 動脉應手, 仰而取之. 手足太隂之會也. 鍼入三分, 留三呼, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is the alarm point of the lung. Also called Eungjungsu. It is in the hollow one inch below Unmun (LU-2), three ribs above the nipple, where a stirring vessel answers the hand; locate it with the patient supine. It is the meeting of the hand and foot great yin. The needle enters three tenths and is retained three breaths; five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The channel's first point by the modern numbering and its last in the book's order, which runs from the thumb inward. 肺之募 — the alarm point of the lung — is the attribution that matters clinically, and 1.68 below collects all of them.

Dongin 銅人

1.32 The Flow of the Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel 手陽明大腸經流注

1.32.1

Source원문

手陽明之脉, 起於大指次指之端外側《商陽穴》, 循指上㢘《本節前二間穴, 本節後三間穴》, 出合谷兩骨之間《合谷穴》, 上入兩筋之中《陽谿穴》, 循臂上㢘《偏歷穴》, 入肘外㢘《曲池穴》, 上循臑外前㢘, 上肩, 出髃骨之前㢘《肩髃穴》, 上出柱骨之會上《天鼎穴》, 下入缺盆, 絡肺, 下膈, 屬大腸. 其支者, 從缺盆上頸貫頰, 入下齒中, 還出挾口, 交人中《穴名》, 左之右, 右之左, 上挾鼻孔《迎香穴. 自此交入足陽明》. 是動則病齒痛, 䪼腫. 是主津所生病者, 目黃, 口乾, 鼽衂, 喉痺, 肩前臑痛, 大指次指痛不用. 氣有餘則當脉所過者𤍠腫, 虛則寒慄不復. 盛者人迎大三倍於寸口, 虛者人迎反小於寸口也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The vessel of the hand yang brightness arises at the outer side of the tip of the index finger (the point Sangyang, LI-1), follows the upper border of the finger (before the knuckle, the point Igan, LI-2; behind the knuckle, the point Samgan, LI-3), emerges between the two bones at Hapgok (the point Hapgok, LI-4), ascends into the midst of the two sinews (the point Yanggye, LI-5), follows the upper border of the forearm (the point Pyeollyeok, LI-6), enters the outer border of the elbow (the point Gokji, LI-11), ascends along the outer front border of the upper arm to the shoulder, emerges at the front border of the acromion (the point Gyeonu, LI-15), ascends to emerge at the meeting above the pillar bone (the point Cheonjeong, LI-17), descends into the supraclavicular fossa, nets the lung, descends through the diaphragm and belongs to the large intestine. Its branch goes from the supraclavicular fossa up the neck, through the cheek, enters among the lower teeth, comes out again to flank the mouth, crosses at Injung (a point name), the left going to the right and the right to the left, and ascends to flank the nostrils (the point Yeonghyang, LI-20; from here it crosses into the foot yang brightness). When it is stirred there is disease: toothache and swelling of the cheek. What it governs are the diseases arising in the fluids: yellowing of the eyes, dryness of the mouth, snivel and nosebleed, throat impediment, pain in the front of the shoulder and in the upper arm, pain and uselessness of the index finger. If the qi is in surplus there is heat and swelling along the course of the vessel; if vacuous, shivering with cold that does not recover. Where it is exuberant the Inyeong pulse is three times larger than the inch opening; where vacuous, the Inyeong is on the contrary smaller than the inch opening.

Clinical note임상 주석

Fourteen interlinear point names carry the course, and they are the book tying the narrative to the twenty points of 1.33 — which is why they are kept rather than translated away. 主津 — it governs the fluids — is the attribution that distinguishes this channel from the lung's 主肺; the paired signs of dry mouth and nosebleed follow from it.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.32.2

Source원문

○卯時自少商穴起, 至迎香穴止. 《入門》

Translation영역

At the hour of the rabbit it starts from the point Sosang (LU-11) and stops at the point Yeonghyang (LI-20).

Clinical note임상 주석

The hour of the rabbit is 5 to 7 a.m. It starts where the lung channel ended, which is the continuity 1.29 meant by calling the twelve channels one vessel.

Immun 入門

1.33 The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right 手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.1 Shang Yang 商陽

LI-1상양 shangyang listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.1.1

Source원문

一名絶陽. 在手大指次指內側, 去爪甲角如韭葉. 手陽明脉之所出也爲井. 鍼入一分, 留一呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Jeoryang. It is on the inner side of the index finger, a chive-leaf's width from the corner of the nail. It is where the vessel of the hand yang brightness issues, and is the well point. The needle enters one tenth. It is retained one breath. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The channel begins at the fingertip, as the lung channel ended at one. Compare Sosang (LU-11) in 1.31.1: the same landmark on the thumb, and the same well point at the tip.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.2 Second Space 二間

LI-2이간 erjian 滎 point listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.2.1

Source원문

一名間谷. 在手大指次指本節前內側䧟中. 手陽明脉之所流爲滎. 鍼入三分, 留三呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Gangok. It is in the hollow on the inner side, before the knuckle of the index finger. It is where the vessel of the hand yang brightness flows, and is the spring point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained three breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.3 Third Space 三閒

LI-3삼간 sanjian 兪 point listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.3.1

Source원문

一名少谷. 在手大指次指本節後內側䧟中. 手陽明脉之所注爲腧. 鍼入三分, 留三呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Sogok. It is in the hollow on the inner side, behind the knuckle of the index finger. It is where the vessel of the hand yang brightness pours, and is the stream point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained three breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The base text writes this point 三閒 with the gate radical, where the received name is 三間; 二間 above is written 間. The book is inconsistent within the pair and the printed graph is kept for each.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.4 Union Valley 合谷

LI-4합곡 hegu 原 point listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.4.1

Source원문

一名虎口. 在手大指次指歧骨間䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Hogu. It is in the hollow between the forked bones of the thumb and index finger.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.4.2

Source원문

○在手大指次指兩骨罅間宛宛中, 動脉應手. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is in the depression in the cleft between the two bones of the thumb and index finger. A stirring vessel answers the hand.

Jasaeng 資生

1.33.4.3

Source원문

○手陽明脉之所過爲原. 鍼入三分, 留六呼, 可灸三壯.

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the hand yang brightness passes, and is the source point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained six breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.33.4.4

Source원문

○姙婦不可刺, 損胎氣. 《銅人》

Translation영역

A pregnant woman may not be pierced here; it damages the qi of the foetus.

Clinical note임상 주석

The one obstetric contraindication in this channel, and it is still taught: Hapgok is held to move qi and blood downward strongly, and it is avoided in pregnancy for that reason. Paired with Samneumgyo (SP-6) it was used to hasten a birth, which is the same action read the other way.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.5 Yang Ravine 陽谿

LI-5양계 yangxi 經 point listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.5.1

Source원문

一名中魁. 在手腕中上側兩筋間䧟者中. 手陽明脉之所行爲經. 鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Junggoe. It is in the hollow between the two sinews on the upper side of the wrist. It is where the vessel of the hand yang brightness travels, and is the river point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.6 Veering Passage 偏歷

LI-6편력 pianli 絡 point listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.6.1

Source원문

在腕中後三寸. 手陽明絡別走太隂. 鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches behind the wrist. It is the network vessel of the hand yang brightness, branching off to the great yin. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The network point of the channel, named in 1.56.11 below. 別走太陰 — branching off to the great yin — is the crossing to the lung channel that makes the pair.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.7 Warm Dwelling 温留

LI-7온류 wenliu listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.7.1

Source원문

一名逆注, 一名池頭. 在腕後, 小士五寸, 大士六寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Yeokju. Also called Jidu. It is behind the wrist — five inches in a small person, six inches in a large one.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.7.2

Source원문

○在腕後五寸六寸間. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is between five and six inches behind the wrist.

Jasaeng 資生

1.33.7.3

Source원문

○手陽明郄. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is the cleft point of the hand yang brightness. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.7.4

Source원문

○大士·小士, 卽大人·小兒也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

"Large person" and "small person" mean an adult and a child.

Clinical note임상 주석

The gloss matters because the measurement is given in two values rather than one: the point is scaled to the patient's size, as 1.7 requires, and here the book does it by stating both ends of the range.

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.8 Lower Ridge 下㢘

LI-8하렴 xialian listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.8.1

Source원문

在輔骨下, 去上㢘一寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is below the supporting bone. It is one inch from Sangnyeom (LI-9).

Dongin 銅人

1.33.8.2

Source원문

○在曲池前五寸, 兌肉分外斜. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is five inches before Gokji (LI-11). It slants outward at the division of the tapering muscle.

Immun 入門

1.33.8.3

Source원문

○鍼入五分, 留五呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters five tenths. It is retained five breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.9 Upper Ridge 上㢘

LI-9상렴 shanglian listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.9.1

Source원문

在三里下一寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Samni (LI-10).

Dongin 銅人

1.33.9.2

Source원문

○在曲池前四寸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is four inches before Gokji (LI-11).

Immun 入門

1.33.9.3

Source원문

○其分獨抵陽明之會外斜. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Its division alone reaches the meeting of the yang brightness, slanting outward.

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.9.4

Source원문

○鍼入五分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters five tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.10 Arm Three Li 三里

LI-10삼리 shousanli listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.10.1

Source원문

在曲池下二寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is two inches below Gokji (LI-11).

Dongin 銅人

1.33.10.2

Source원문

○按之肉起, 銳肉之端. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Press it and the muscle rises; it is at the tip of the tapering muscle.

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.10.3

Source원문

○鍼入二分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters two tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The book prints this point as the bare 三里, as it does the one on the stomach channel; the received names distinguish them as 手三里 and 足三里. This is one of the eight names that stand in two places, and the record ids carry the channel to keep them apart.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.11 Pool at the Bend 曲池

LI-11곡지 quchi 合 point listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.11.1

Source원문

在肘外輔骨, 屈肘曲骨之中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is at the supporting bone outside the elbow, in the middle of the bent bone when the elbow is flexed.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.11.2

Source원문

○在肘外輔, 屈肘兩骨中文頭盡處, 以手拱𦙄取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is at the support outside the elbow, where the crease ends between the two bones with the elbow flexed; locate it with the hand folded across the chest.

Immun 入門

1.33.11.3

Source원문

○手陽明脉之所入爲合. 鍼入五分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the hand yang brightness enters, and is the uniting point. The needle enters five tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.33.12 Elbow Bone-Hole 肘髎

LI-12주료 zhouliao listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.12.1

Source원문

在肘大骨外㢘, 近大筋䧟中. 可灸三壯, 鍼入三分. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the outer border of the great bone of the elbow, in the hollow near the great sinew. Three cones may be burned. The needle enters three tenths.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.13 Arm Five Li 五里

LI-13오리 shouwuli listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.13.1

Source원문

在肘上三寸, 行向裏大脉中央. 可灸十壯, 禁不可鍼. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches above the elbow, at the centre of the great vessel running toward the inner side. Ten cones may be burned. Needling is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.13.2

Source원문

○內經曰, 大禁二十五, 在天府下五寸. 註云, 五里穴也. 大禁者, 禁不可刺也.

Translation영역

The Inner Classic says: the great prohibition of twenty-five is five inches below Cheonbu (LU-3). The commentary says: this is the point Ori. A great prohibition means that piercing is forbidden.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.33.13.3

Source원문

○迎之五里, 中道而止, 五至而已, 五往而蔵之氣盡矣. 故五五二十五而竭其輸矣. 此所謂奪其天氣也. 故曰, 闚門而刺之者死於家中, 入門而刺之者死於堂上. 傳之後世, 以爲刺禁. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

To meet it at Ori is to stop it midway; five arrivals and it is done, five departures and the qi of the viscera is spent. Therefore five times five is twenty-five, and its transport is exhausted. This is what is called despoiling a person of the qi of heaven. Hence it is said: he who pierces peering in at the gate dies within the house; he who pierces having entered the gate dies in the hall. It was handed down to later ages as a prohibition of piercing.

Clinical note임상 주석

The strongest prohibition in the chapter, and it is absolute: moxa only, never the needle. The brachial artery and the median nerve both lie at the point, which is reason enough. 大禁二十五 counts the five arrivals against the five viscera; the two sayings about dying in the house and in the hall are the classic putting a death on the practitioner's hand.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.33.14 Upper Arm 臂臑

LI-14비노 binao listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.14.1

Source원문

在肘上七寸, 䐃肉端, 平手取之. 手陽明絡. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is seven inches above the elbow, at the end of the bulging muscle. Hold the hand level to locate it. It is a network vessel of the hand yang brightness. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.14.2

Source원문

○在肩髃一夫, 兩筋兩骨罅䧟宛中, 平手取之. 不得拏手令急, 其穴卽閉. 宜灸不宜刺. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is one four-finger breadth from Gyeonu (LI-15), in the depression of the cleft between the two sinews and two bones. Hold the hand level to locate it. The hand must not be gripped tight, or the point closes at once. Moxa is appropriate and piercing is not.

Clinical note임상 주석

不得拏手令急, 其穴卽閉 — grip the arm and the point shuts. The landmark is a depression that only appears in a relaxed muscle, so the posture is part of the location, as 1.6 argued.

Jasaeng 資生

1.33.15 Shoulder Bone 肩髃

LI-15견우 jianyu listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.15.1

Source원문

一名中肩井, 一名扁骨. 在肩端兩骨間䧟者宛宛中, 擧臂取之. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Junggyeonjeong. Also called Pyeongol. It is in the depression of the hollow between the two bones at the tip of the shoulder. Raise the arm to locate it.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.15.2

Source원문

○在膊骨頭肩端兩骨間. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is between the two bones at the head of the upper arm bone, at the tip of the shoulder.

Jasaeng 資生

1.33.15.3

Source원문

○鍼入六分, 留六呼, 刺則泄肩臂𤍠氣. 可灸七壯至二七壯. 若灸偏風不遂, 至七七壯止.

Translation영역

The needle enters six tenths. It is retained six breaths. Piercing discharges heat qi from the shoulder and arm. From seven to fourteen cones may be burned. If cauterizing for hemilateral wind with loss of use, stop at seven times seven cones.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.15.4

Source원문

○唐庫狄欽患風痺, 手不得伸, 甄權鍼此穴立愈. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Ku Diqin of the Tang suffered wind impediment and could not extend his hand; Zhen Quan needled this point and he was cured at once.

Clinical note임상 주석

A named case with a named physician — rare in this chapter, which otherwise gives only locations and depths. The complaint is a shoulder that will not raise the arm, which is what the point is still used for, and the escalating moxa count above (seven, fourteen, forty-nine for hemiplegia) grades the dose to the severity.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.16 Great Bone 巨骨

LI-16거골 jugu listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.16.1

Source원문

在肩端上行, 兩叉骨罅間䧟中. 鍼入一寸半, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is above the tip of the shoulder, in the hollow in the cleft between the two forking bones. The needle enters one and a half inches. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

An inch and a half is the deepest insertion given anywhere in this channel, and the point sits above the clavicle where the pleural dome lies beneath. Modern practice needles it obliquely and shallowly for that reason.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.17 Celestial Tripod 天鼎

LI-17천정 tianding listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.17.1

Source원문

在側頸缺盆, 直扶突後一寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is at the supraclavicular fossa on the side of the neck, one inch directly behind Budol (LI-18).

Dongin 銅人

1.33.17.2

Source원문

○在頸缺盆, 氣舍後一寸五分. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is at the supraclavicular fossa of the neck. It is one inch five tenths behind Gisa (ST-11).

Clinical note임상 주석

Its romanization is the same as that of Cheonjeong 天井 (TE-10) — 천정 for both — which is one of the eight true homophone pairs in Korean point nomenclature. The record ids carry the channel to keep them apart.

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.17.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.18 Welcome Fragrance 迎香

LI-20영향 yingxiang listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.18.1

Source원문

一名衝陽. 在禾髎上一寸, 鼻孔傍五分. 鍼入三分, 留三呼, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Chungyang. It is one inch above Hwaryo (LI-19), five tenths to the side of the nostril. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained three breaths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The channel ends here in the modern numbering (LI-20), and the book places it here too — but then continues with two more points, Budol and Hwaryo, which the standard numbers LI-18 and LI-19. The book's order is kept and the codes are carried by the records.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.19 Protuberance Assistant 扶突

LI-18부돌 futu listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.19.1

Source원문

一名水穴. 在人迎後一寸五分. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Suhyeol. It is one inch five tenths behind Inyeong (ST-9).

Dongin 銅人

1.33.19.2

Source원문

○在氣舍後一寸五分. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is one inch five tenths behind Gisa (ST-11).

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.19.3

Source원문

○在曲頰下一寸, 仰而取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is one inch below the angle of the jaw. Locate it with the patient supine.

Immun 入門

1.33.19.4

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

Three sources are quoted for the location and they do not agree — behind Inyeong, behind Gisa, below the jaw. The point lies over the carotid sheath, so the disagreement is not academic; the shallow three tenths is the limit all three share.

Dongin 銅人

1.33.20 Grain Bone-Hole 禾髎

LI-19화료 kouheliao listed under The Hand Yang Brightness Large Intestine Channel: Forty Points, Left and Right手陽明大腸經左右凡四十穴

1.33.20.1

Source원문

一名長頻. 直鼻孔下, 挾水溝傍五分. 鍼入二分, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Jangbin. It is directly below the nostril, five tenths to the side of Sugu (GV-26). The needle enters two tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

Its romanization is the same as that of Hwaryo 和髎 (TE-22) — 화료 for both — another of the eight homophone pairs. The received names separate them as 口禾髎 and 耳和髎; the book prints neither prefix.

Dongin 銅人

1.34 The Flow of the Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel 足陽明胃經流注

1.34.1

Source원문

足陽明之脉, 起於鼻之交頞中, 傍約太陽之脉, 下循鼻外《迎香穴》, 入上齒中, 還出挾口環唇, 下交承漿《穴名》, 却循頤後下㢘, 出大迎《穴名》, 循頰車《穴名》, 上耳前, 過客主人《穴名》, 循髮際, 至額顱. 其支者, 從大迎前下人迎《穴名》, 循喉嚨, 入缺盆, 下膈, 屬胃, 絡脾. 其直者, 從缺盆下乳內㢘, 下挾臍, 入氣衝中《穴名》. 其支者, 起胃下口, 循腹裏, 下至氣衝中而合, 以下髀關《穴名》, 抵伏兎《穴名》, 下入膝臏中《腿下脛上接處曰膝臏, 謂膝之盖骨也》, 下循䯒外㢘《卽上㢘下㢘解谿穴也》, 下足跗《足面曰趺, 衝陽穴也》, 入中指內間《䧟谷穴》. 其支者, 下膝三寸而別, 下入中指外間《內庭穴》. 其支者, 別跗上, 入大指間, 出其端《厲兌穴也. 自此交入足太隂》. 是動則病凄凄然振寒, 善伸數欠, 顔黑《顔卽額也》. 病至則惡人與火, 聞木音則惕然而驚, 心動, 欲獨閉戶牖而處, 甚則欲上高而歌, 棄衣而走, 賁響腹脹, 是謂骭厥《骭卽脛之別名》. 是主血所生病者, 狂瘧, 温淫汗出, 鼽衂, 口喎, 唇疹, 頸腫, 喉痺, 大腹水腫, 膝臏腫痛, 循膺乳街股伏兎䯒外㢘足跗上皆痛, 中指不用. 氣盛則身以前皆𤍠, 其有餘於胃則消穀善飢, 尿色黃. 氣不足則身以前皆寒, 胃中寒則脹滿. 盛者人迎大三倍於寸口, 虛者人迎反小於寸口也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The vessel of the foot yang brightness arises at the crossing in the bridge of the nose, flanks and binds the vessel of the greater yang, descends along the outside of the nose (the point Yeonghyang, LI-20), enters among the upper teeth, comes out again to flank the mouth and encircle the lips, descends to cross at Seungjang (a point name), then follows the lower border behind the chin, emerges at Daeyeong (a point name), follows Hyeopcha (a point name), ascends before the ear, passes Gaekjuin (a point name), follows the hairline and reaches the forehead and skull. Its branch goes from in front of Daeyeong down to Inyeong (a point name), follows the throat, enters the supraclavicular fossa, descends through the diaphragm, belongs to the stomach and nets the spleen. Its straight course goes from the supraclavicular fossa down the inner border of the breast, descends to flank the navel and enters Gichung (a point name). Another branch arises at the lower opening of the stomach, follows the inside of the abdomen, descends to Gichung and joins there, then goes down to Bigwan (a point name), reaches Bokto (a point name), and descends into the knee-cap (where the lower thigh and the upper shank meet is called the knee-cap, meaning the covering bone of the knee), descends along the outer border of the shank (that is, Sangnyeom, Haryeom and the point Haegye), descends to the instep (the top of the foot is called the instep; this is the point Chungyang) and enters the inner cleft of the middle toe (the point Hamgok). A branch parts three inches below the knee and descends into the outer cleft of the middle toe (the point Naejeong). A further branch parts at the instep, enters the cleft of the great toe and emerges at its tip (the point Yeotae; from here it crosses into the foot great yin). When it is stirred there is disease: shivering and shaking with cold, much stretching and frequent yawning, and a blackened face (the face here means the forehead). When the disease arrives there is aversion to people and to fire; hearing the sound of wood brings a start of fright; the heart stirs; the person wishes to shut door and window and be alone; in severe cases he wishes to climb high and sing, throws off his clothes and runs, with rumbling and distension of the abdomen. This is called shank reversal (the shank bone is another name for the lower leg). What it governs are the diseases arising in the blood: mania and malaria, warm excess with sweating, snivel and nosebleed, deviated mouth, lip eruptions, swollen neck, throat impediment, water swelling of the great abdomen, swelling and pain of the knee-cap, and pain all along the chest, breast, groin, thigh, Bokto, the outer border of the shank and the instep, with the middle toe useless. If the qi is exuberant the whole front of the body is hot, and where it is in surplus in the stomach there is rapid digestion of grain with ready hunger and yellow urine. If the qi is insufficient the whole front of the body is cold, and when there is cold within the stomach there is distension and fullness. Where it is exuberant the Inyeong pulse is three times larger than the inch opening; where vacuous, the Inyeong is on the contrary smaller than the inch opening.

Clinical note임상 주석

The longest channel narrative in the chapter, and the only one whose signs are mostly mental: aversion to people and to fire, a start at the sound of wood, wanting to shut the door, and in severe cases climbing high to sing and running stripped. These are the signs the later 癲狂 literature drew on, and they are why this channel carries 狂瘧 at the head of its governed diseases. 是主血 — it governs the blood — distinguishes it from the lung's 主肺 and the large intestine's 主津. Eleven interlinear point names tie the course to the forty-five points of 1.35.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.34.2

Source원문

○辰時自迎香穴交與承泣穴, 上行至頭維, 對人迎, 循𦙄腹, 下至足指厲兌穴止. 《入門》

Translation영역

At the hour of the dragon it crosses from the point Yeonghyang (LI-20) to the point Seungeup (ST-1), ascends to Duyu (ST-8), stands opposite Inyeong (ST-9), follows the chest and abdomen, and descends to stop at the point Yeotae (ST-45) on the toe.

Clinical note임상 주석

The hour of the dragon is 7 to 9 a.m., following the large intestine's hour of the rabbit. The crossing point named here is Seungeup, which the book places forty-second in its own order but which the standard numbers ST-1 — the discrepancy is the book's ordering, not an error in the course.

Immun 入門

1.34.3

Source원문

○陽明根于厲兌, 結于顙大. 顙大者, 鉗耳也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The yang brightness is rooted at Yeotae (ST-45) and knotted at Sangdae. Sangdae means the pincer of the ear.

Clinical note임상 주석

The root-and-knot scheme of the 根結 chapter of the 靈樞, which measures a channel by two termini rather than by its whole course. 顙大 is not among the three hundred and ninety-six points of this chapter; the gloss 鉗耳 places it at the temple, where the hair is gripped as by pincers.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.35 The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right 足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.1 Severe Mouth 厲兌

ST-45여태 liandui 井 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.1.1

Source원문

在足大指次指端外側, 去爪甲如韭葉. 足陽明脉之所出爲井. 鍼入一分, 可灸一壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the outer side of the tip of the second toe, a chive-leaf's width from the nail. It is where the vessel of the foot yang brightness issues, and is the well point. The needle enters one tenth. One cone may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The channel begins at the toe, as the stomach narrative in 1.34 ends there. The same chive-leaf measure fixes the well points of the hand channels — Sangyang (LI-1) in 1.33.1 and Sosang (LU-11) in 1.31.1.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.2 Inner Court 內庭

ST-44내정 neiting 滎 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.2.1

Source원문

在足大指次指外間䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow in the cleft outside the second toe.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.2.2

Source원문

○在足次指與三指歧骨間䧟中. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow between the forked bones of the second and third toes.

Immun 入門

1.35.2.3

Source원문

○足陽明脉之所流爲滎. 鍼入三分, 留十呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the foot yang brightness flows, and is the spring point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained ten breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.3 Sunken Valley 䧟谷

ST-43함곡 xiangu 兪 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.3.1

Source원문

在足大指次指外間本節後䧟中, 去內庭二寸. 足陽明脉之所注爲腧. 鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow behind the knuckle, in the cleft outside the second toe. It is two inches from Naejeong (ST-44). It is where the vessel of the foot yang brightness pours, and is the stream point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.4 Surging Yang 衝陽

ST-42충양 chongyang 原 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.4.1

Source원문

一名會原. 在足跗上五寸骨間動脉, 去䧟谷三寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Hoewon. It is five inches up the instep, at the stirring vessel between the bones. It is three inches from Hamgok (ST-43).

Dongin 銅人

1.35.4.2

Source원문

○在內庭上五寸骨間動脉. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is five inches above Naejeong (ST-44), at the stirring vessel between the bones.

Immun 入門

1.35.4.3

Source원문

○在足跗上五寸䧟者中, 搖足而得之. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow five inches up the instep. Rock the foot and it is found.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.35.4.4

Source원문

○足陽明脉之所過爲原. 鍼入五分, 留十呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the foot yang brightness passes, and is the source point. The needle enters five tenths. It is retained ten breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The stirring vessel is the dorsal artery of the foot, and the book uses it again at 1.35.10 as the test of whether Samni has been found correctly — press here and the pulse should still answer. The source point of the channel sits on a palpable pulse, which is why 搖足而得之 (rock the foot) locates it.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.5 Ravine Divide 解谿

ST-41해계 jiexi 經 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.5.1

Source원문

在衝陽後一寸半, 腕上䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one and a half inches behind Chungyang (ST-42). It lies in the hollow above the ankle.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.5.2

Source원문

○上衝陽一寸半䧟者中. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one and a half inches above Chungyang (ST-42).

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.35.5.3

Source원문

○在足腕上繫草鞋帶處, 去內庭上六寸半. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is on the ankle where the strap of a straw sandal is tied, six and a half inches above Naejeong (ST-44).

Clinical note임상 주석

The straw-sandal strap is the kind of landmark 1.6 recommends: a line every patient could point to. It marks the front of the ankle crease, where the point still is.

Immun 入門

1.35.5.4

Source원문

○足陽明脉之所行爲經. 鍼入五分, 留五呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the foot yang brightness travels, and is the river point. The needle enters five tenths. It is retained five breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.6 Bountiful Bulge 豊隆

ST-40풍륭 fenglong 絡 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.6.1

Source원문

在外踝上八寸, 下㢘䯒骨外㢘間䧟中.

Translation영역

It is eight inches above the outer anklebone, in the hollow between the lower border and the outer border of the shank bone.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.35.6.2

Source원문

○足陽明絡別走太隂. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is the network vessel of the foot yang brightness, branching off to the great yin. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The network point of the channel, and the one the later tradition made the chief point for phlegm. The crossing to the great yin is to the spleen, which pairs with the stomach as 1.35.10 argues the intestines pair with it.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.7 Lower Great Hollow 下巨虛

ST-39하거허 xiajuxu listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.7.1

Source원문

一名下㢘. 在上㢘下三寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Haryeom. It is three inches below Sangnyeom, that is Sanggeoheo (ST-37).

Clinical note임상 주석

The alias 下㢘 is also the proper name of a large intestine point (LI-8), and 上㢘 likewise (LI-9). Within this channel the two names mean the pair Sanggeoheo and Hageoheo; the locations below are given relative to those, not to the arm points.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.7.2

Source원문

○在三里下六寸, 當擧足取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is six inches below Samni (ST-36). Raise the foot to locate it.

Immun 入門

1.35.7.3

Source원문

○在上㢘下三寸, 兩筋兩骨罅䧟宛宛中, 蹲坐取之. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is three inches below Sangnyeom (ST-37), in the depression of the cleft between the two sinews and two bones. Locate it squatting.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.7.4

Source원문

○鍼入八分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters eight tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.8 Ribbon Opening 條口

ST-38조구 tiaokou listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.8.1

Source원문

在下㢘上一寸, 上㢘下一寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch above Haryeom (ST-39), one inch below Sangnyeom (ST-37).

Dongin 銅人

1.35.8.2

Source원문

○在三里下五寸, 擧足取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is five inches below Samni (ST-36). Raise the foot to locate it.

Immun 入門

1.35.8.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 禁不可灸. 《入門》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

Moxa is forbidden here although it is allowed at the two points an inch above and below. The book gives no reason; the prohibition is recorded as printed.

Immun 入門

1.35.9 Upper Great Hollow 上巨虛

ST-37상거허 shangjuxu listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.9.1

Source원문

一名上㢘. 在三里下三寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Sangnyeom. It is three inches below Samni (ST-36).

Dongin 銅人

1.35.9.2

Source원문

○在膝犢鼻下䯒外㢘六寸, 擧足取之.

Translation영역

It is six inches below Dokbi (ST-35) at the knee, on the outer border of the shank. Raise the foot to locate it.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.35.9.3

Source원문

○在三里下三寸, 兩筋兩骨罅䧟宛宛中. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is three inches below Samni (ST-36). It lies in the depression of the cleft between the two sinews and two bones.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.9.4

Source원문

○鍼入八分, 可灸三壯, 一云隨年數爲壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters eight tenths. Three cones may be burned. One account says the number of cones follows the patient's years.

Clinical note임상 주석

隨年數爲壯 — a cone for each year of age — is the dose rule 1.21 states in full. It appears only a handful of times in the chapter and always as an alternative to a fixed count.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.10 Leg Three Li 三里

ST-36삼리 zusanli 合 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.10.1

Source원문

在膝下三寸, 䯒骨外大筋內宛宛中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches below the knee, in the depression outside the shank bone and inside the great sinew.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.10.2

Source원문

○在膝下三寸䧟中, 䯒骨外㢘兩筋肉分間. 《內經》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow three inches below the knee, on the outer border of the shank bone, in the division between the two sinews and the flesh.

Naegyeong 內經

1.35.10.3

Source원문

○在犢鼻下三寸, 䯒骨外㢘分肉間. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is three inches below Dokbi (ST-35). It lies on the outer border of the shank bone, in the division of the flesh.

Immun 入門

1.35.10.4

Source원문

○以手約膝, 取中指梢盡處是穴. 《得效》

Translation영역

Span the knee with the hand: where the tip of the middle finger ends is the point.

Clinical note임상 주석

A patient-scaled measure of the kind 1.7 requires — the hand that measures is the patient's own, so the three inches are their inches.

Deukhyo 得效

1.35.10.5

Source원문

○深則足趺陽脉不見, 按之大衝脉不動, 是正穴. 《資生》

Translation영역

If it is deep the dorsal yang vessel of the foot is not seen; press it and the great surging vessel does not stir — this is the true point.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.10.6

Source원문

○足陽明脉之所入爲合. 鍼入一寸, 可灸七壯. 《一云三壯 ○銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the foot yang brightness enters, and is the uniting point. The needle enters one inch. Seven cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.10.7

Source원문

○明堂云, 人年三十以上, 若不灸三里, 冷氣上衝目.

Translation영역

The Myeongdang says: in a person over thirty years of age, if Samni is not cauterized, cold qi surges upward into the eyes.

Clinical note임상 주석

The best-known prophylactic moxa instruction in the whole tradition, and the root of the Japanese practice of lifelong moxa at this point. The threshold of thirty is where the book places the turn from repletion to decline.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.35.10.8

Source원문

○三里下三寸爲上㢘, 復下三寸爲下㢘, 大腸屬上㢘, 小腸屬下㢘, 足陽明胃脉也. 然則是大腸小腸皆屬于胃也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

Three inches below Samni is Sangnyeom, and three inches below that again is Haryeom. The large intestine belongs to Sangnyeom and the small intestine to Haryeom, which is the stomach vessel of the foot yang brightness. Thus both the large and the small intestine belong to the stomach.

Clinical note임상 주석

The doctrinal claim that gives this channel its three points named by the borders: the bowels are reached through the stomach channel, not through their own. It is why Sanggeoheo and Hageoheo are used for intestinal disease to this day, and why the arm points of the same names are a different matter entirely.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.35.10.9

Source원문

○㸃三里穴, 但按趺陽脉不應, 方是正穴. 《丹心》

Translation영역

In marking the point Samni, only when pressing it leaves the dorsal yang pulse unanswering is it the true point.

Clinical note임상 주석

The same test as the 資生 quotation above, stated as a rule of marking: the point is confirmed not by the measure but by what pressing it does to the pulse at Chungyang (ST-42). Two sources agree on it, which is rare in this chapter.

Dansim 丹心

1.35.11 Calf's Nose 犢鼻

ST-35독비 dubi listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.11.1

Source원문

在膝臏下, 䯒骨上骨解大筋中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is below the knee-cap, above the shank bone, in the great sinew at the parting of the bones.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.11.2

Source원문

○膝臏下䯒挾罅大筋中. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is below the knee-cap, in the great sinew flanking the cleft of the shank.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.11.3

Source원문

○在膝頭眼外側大筋䧟中. 鍼入六分, 禁不可灸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow of the great sinew on the outer side of the eye of the knee. The needle enters six tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

膝眼 — the eye of the knee — names the two depressions beside the patellar ligament, and this point is the outer one. The name "calf's nose" is the same picture seen whole: the ligament between the two hollows.

Immun 入門

1.35.12 Beam Mound 梁丘

ST-34양구 liangqiu 郄 point listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.12.1

Source원문

在膝上二寸兩筋間. 足陽明之郄. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is two inches above the knee, between the two sinews. It is the cleft point of the foot yang brightness. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.13 Yin Market 隂市

ST-33음시 yinshi listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.13.1

Source원문

一名隂鼎. 在膝上三寸, 伏兔下䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Eumjeong. It is three inches above the knee, in the hollow below Bokto (ST-32).

Dongin 銅人

1.35.13.2

Source원문

○在膝內輔骨後, 大筋下小筋上, 屈膝得之. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is behind the supporting bone inside the knee, It lies below the great sinew and above the small sinew. Bend the knee and it is found.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.13.3

Source원문

○在膝上, 當伏兔下行二寸, 臨膝取之. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is above the knee, two inches down from Bokto (ST-32). Locate it facing the knee.

Gangmok 綱目

1.35.13.4

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 留七呼, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Moxa is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.14 Thigh Joint 髀關

ST-31비관 biguan listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.14.1

Source원문

在膝上伏兔後交文中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is above the knee, behind Bokto (ST-32), in the crossing crease.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.14.2

Source원문

○在膝上伏兔後, 胯骨橫文中. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is above the knee, behind Bokto (ST-32), in the transverse crease of the hip bone.

Immun 入門

1.35.14.3

Source원문

○鍼入六分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters six tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The book places this point fourteenth and Bokto fifteenth, where the standard numbers them ST-31 and ST-32 — the pair is reversed. The locations given here are consistent with the book's own order, since each is fixed relative to the other.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.15 Crouching Rabbit 伏兔

ST-32복토 futu listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.15.1

Source원문

一名外丘. 在膝上六寸起肉是, 一云在膝盖上七寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Oegu. It is at the rising muscle six inches above the knee; one account says seven inches above the knee-cap.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.15.2

Source원문

○在膝髀罅上六寸向裏, 正跪正坐而取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is six inches above the cleft of knee and thigh, toward the inner side. Locate it kneeling and sitting upright.

Immun 入門

1.35.15.3

Source원문

○鍼入五分, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters five tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The alias 外丘 is also the proper name of a gallbladder point (GB-36). The rising muscle is the crouching rabbit of the name — the bulge of the quadriceps when the knee is flexed, which is why the posture is part of the location.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.16 Qi Surging 氣衝

ST-30기충 qichong listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.16.1

Source원문

一名氣街. 在歸来下, 䑕鼷上一寸動脉中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Giga. It is below Gwirae (ST-29), one inch above the groin, in the stirring vessel.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.16.2

Source원문

○在腹臍下橫骨兩端, 䑕鼷上. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is at the two ends of the transverse bone below the navel, above the groin.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.16.3

Source원문

○在天樞下八寸動脉. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is eight inches below Cheonchu (ST-25), at the stirring vessel.

Immun 入門

1.35.16.4

Source원문

○可灸七壯, 禁不可鍼. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Seven cones may be burned. Needling is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

Moxa only, never the needle. The stirring vessel the three sources all name is the femoral artery, which lies directly under the point — reason enough for the prohibition, as at Ori (LI-13) in 1.33.13.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.17 Return 歸来

ST-29귀래 guilai listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.17.1

Source원문

在水道下二寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is two inches below Sudo (ST-28).

Dongin 銅人

1.35.17.2

Source원문

○在天樞下七寸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is seven inches below Cheonchu (ST-25).

Immun 入門

1.35.17.3

Source원문

○鍼入八分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters eight tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.18 Water Passage 水道

ST-28수도 shuidao listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.18.1

Source원문

在大巨下三寸, 天樞下五寸. 鍼入二寸五分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches below Daegeo (ST-27). It is five inches below Cheonchu (ST-25). The needle enters two inches five tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

Two inches five tenths is the deepest insertion given anywhere in this channel, and among the deepest in the chapter. The point lies over the lower abdomen where no bone intervenes, which is why the depth is permitted here and not on the chest.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.19 Great Gigantic 大巨

ST-27대거 daju listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.19.1

Source원문

在外陵下一寸. 鍼入五分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Oereung (ST-26). The needle enters five tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.20 Outer Mound 外陵

ST-26외릉 wailing listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.20.1

Source원문

在天樞下一寸. 鍼入八分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Cheonchu (ST-25). The needle enters eight tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.21 Celestial Pivot 天樞

ST-25천추 tianshu listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.21.1

Source원문

一名長谿, 一名谷門. 大腸之募也. 在肓腧傍一寸五分, 挾臍二寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Janggye. Also called Gongmun. It is the alarm point of the large intestine. It is one inch five tenths to the side of Hwangsu (KI-16). It flanks the navel by two inches.

Clinical note임상 주석

The alarm point of the large intestine standing on the stomach channel — the same crossing of bowel and channel that 1.35.10 argues doctrinally. It is the chief abdominal point for intestinal disease in both the old books and present practice.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.21.2

Source원문

○魂魄之舍, 不可鍼. 合臍相去各三寸. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is the dwelling of the ethereal and corporeal souls. It may not be needled. Measured from the navel it lies three inches to each side.

Clinical note임상 주석

不可鍼 here contradicts the eight tenths the 銅人 allows below. The 資生 forbids the needle on the ground that the souls dwell at the point; the book prints both without reconciling them, as it does the conflicting locations at Budol (LI-18) in 1.33.19.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.21.3

Source원문

○平臍傍各三寸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is level with the navel, three inches to each side.

Immun 入門

1.35.21.4

Source원문

○鍼入八分, 留七呼, 可灸百壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters eight tenths. It is retained seven breaths. A hundred cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

A hundred cones is the largest moxa dose named in this channel. 1.21 sets the general rule that the count rises with the depth of the disease, and the chronic intestinal complaints this point treats are the case it has in mind.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.22 Slippery Flesh Gate 滑肉門

ST-24활육문 huaroumen listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.22.1

Source원문

在太一下一寸. 鍼入八分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Taeil (ST-23). The needle enters eight tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.23 Supreme Unity 太一

ST-23태일 taiyi listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.23.1

Source원문

在關門下一寸. 鍼入八分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Gwanmun (ST-22). The needle enters eight tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The transcription truncated this point's name to 太, because 太一二穴 reads as 太 followed by a bilateral count 一二穴. The name is 太一 and the count is 二穴; the checker that measures the point list held the same faulty pattern and so could not catch it.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.24 Pass Gate 關門

ST-22관문 guanmen listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.24.1

Source원문

在梁門下一寸. 鍼入八分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Yangmun (ST-21). The needle enters eight tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.25 Beam Gate 梁門

ST-21양문 liangmen listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.25.1

Source원문

在承滿下一寸. 鍼入八分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Seungman (ST-20). The needle enters eight tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.26 Assuming Fullness 承滿

ST-20승만 chengman listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.26.1

Source원문

在不容下一寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below Buryong (ST-19).

Dongin 銅人

1.35.26.2

Source원문

○挾巨闕兩傍各一寸半. 《資生》

Translation영역

It flanks Geogwol (CV-14), one and a half inches to each side.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.26.3

Source원문

○鍼入八分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters eight tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The six points from Buryong (ST-19) down to Cheonchu (ST-25) are each fixed one inch below the one above, so the whole abdominal run depends on where the first is placed — which is why the book gives Buryong three independent locations in 1.35.27 and only a relative one for the rest.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.27 Not Contained 不容

ST-19불용 burong listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.27.1

Source원문

在幽門傍, 相去各一寸五分. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is to the side of Yumun (KI-21), one inch five tenths from it on each side.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.27.2

Source원문

○在幽門兩傍各一寸五分, 去任脉二寸, 直四肋端. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is one inch five tenths to each side of Yumun (KI-21), two inches from the controlling vessel, level with the end of the fourth rib.

Gangmok 綱目

1.35.27.3

Source원문

○平巨闕傍三寸, 挺身取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is level with Geogwol (CV-14), three inches to the side. Locate it with the body held straight.

Immun 入門

1.35.27.4

Source원문

○挾鳩尾, 當乳下三寸. 《資生》

Translation영역

It flanks Gumi (CV-15), three inches below the nipple.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.27.5

Source원문

○鍼入五分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters five tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

Four sources and four measures: beside Yumun, two inches from the midline, three inches from the midline, and three inches below the nipple. The 綱目 and 入門 figures cannot both be right, and the book prints them without choosing, as it does at Budol (LI-18) in 1.33.19. The rib landmark is the one modern practice keeps.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.28 Breast Root 乳根

ST-18유근 rugen listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.28.1

Source원문

在乳中下一寸四分䧟中, 仰而取之. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch four tenths below Yujung (ST-17). Locate it with the patient supine.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.28.2

Source원문

○在當乳下一寸六分, 入門資生並云一寸六分. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is one inch six tenths below the nipple; the Immun and the Jasaeng both say one inch six tenths.

Clinical note임상 주석

The 綱目 is correcting the 銅人's one inch four tenths by citing two other books against it. This is the chapter's only instance of a source explicitly counting witnesses, and the book prints both figures rather than resolving them.

Gangmok 綱目

1.35.28.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.29 Breast Centre 乳中

ST-17유중 ruzhong listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.29.1

Source원문

當乳中是. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is at the centre of the breast.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.29.2

Source원문

○卽乳頭上也. 《入門》

Translation영역

That is, on the nipple.

Immun 入門

1.35.29.3

Source원문

○鍼宜淺刺二分, 禁不可灸. 《入門》

Translation영역

The needle should be pierced shallowly, two tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The nipple itself, and the only point in the channel where the book both limits the needle to a shallow two tenths and forbids moxa outright. Present practice does not needle or cauterize it at all and uses it only as the landmark from which the chest points are measured.

Immun 入門

1.35.30 Breast Window 膺窓

ST-16응창 yingchuang listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.30.1

Source원문

在屋翳下一寸六分. 鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch six tenths below Ogye (ST-15). The needle enters three tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.31 Roof 屋翳

ST-15옥예 wuyi listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.31.1

Source원문

在庫房下一寸六分䧟中, 仰而取之. 鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch six tenths below Gobang (ST-14). Locate it with the patient supine. The needle enters three tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.32 Storehouse 庫房

ST-14고방 kufang listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.32.1

Source원문

在氣戶下一寸六分䧟中, 仰而取之. 鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch six tenths below Giho (ST-13). Locate it with the patient supine. The needle enters three tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.33 Qi Door 氣戶

ST-13기호 qihu listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.33.1

Source원문

在巨骨下, 挾腧府兩傍相去各二寸䧟中, 仰而取之. 鍼入三分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is below Geogol (LI-16), in the hollow flanking Subu (KI-27), two inches to each side. Locate it with the patient supine. The needle enters three tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.33.2

Source원문

○自氣戶至乳根六穴, 去膺中行各四寸, 遆相去各一寸六分. 《資生》

Translation영역

The six points from Giho down to Yugeun (ST-18) each lie four inches from the midline of the chest, and are one inch six tenths apart in turn.

Clinical note임상 주석

The rule behind the four chest points above: a vertical column four inches from the midline, spaced an inch and six tenths. It also explains why Yugeun was given one inch four tenths by one source and one inch six tenths by two others in 1.35.28 — the spacing rule favours the larger figure.

Jasaeng 資生

1.35.34 Empty Basin 缺盆

ST-12결분 quepen listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.34.1

Source원문

一名天盖. 在肩前橫骨䧟中. 可灸三壯, 禁不可鍼. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Cheongae. It is in the hollow of the transverse bone in front of the shoulder. Three cones may be burned. Needling is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.34.2

Source원문

○肩前㢘六穴, 臑會極外, 肩髃次之, 缺盆極裏. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Of the six points on the front border of the shoulder, Nohoe (TE-13) is the most lateral, Gyeonu (LI-15) next, and Gyeolbun the most medial.

Clinical note임상 주석

Needling is forbidden: the point sits in the supraclavicular fossa with the pleural dome and the subclavian vessels beneath, and a deep needle there collapses a lung. The lateral-to-medial ordering is the kind of list the 綱目 supplies throughout this chapter to let a reader place a point by its neighbours rather than by measurement.

Gangmok 綱目

1.35.35 Qi Abode 氣舍

ST-11기사 qishe listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.35.1

Source원문

在頸直人迎下, 挾天突傍䧟中. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the neck, directly below Inyeong (ST-9), in the hollow flanking Cheondol (CV-22). The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.36 Water Prominence 水突

ST-10수돌 shuitu listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.36.1

Source원문

一名水門. 在頸大筋前, 直人迎下. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Sumun. It is in front of the great sinew of the neck, directly below Inyeong (ST-9). The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.37 Man's Prognosis 人迎

ST-9인영 renying listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.37.1

Source원문

一名五會. 在頸大脉動應手, 挾結喉兩傍各一寸五分, 仰而取之, 以候五蔵氣. 鍼入四分, 若過深則殺人. 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Ohoe. It is where the great vessel of the neck stirs and answers the hand, one inch five tenths to each side of the laryngeal prominence. Locate it with the patient supine. By it the qi of the five viscera is examined. The needle enters four tenths. If it goes too deep it kills. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The bluntest warning in the chapter — 若過深則殺人, go too deep and it kills. The great vessel is the common carotid artery, which the point lies directly over, and four tenths is the whole permitted depth. This is also the pulse the channel narratives use throughout as their measure of exuberance and vacuity: 1.34 reads the stomach by comparing it with the inch opening at the wrist.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.38 Great Prognosis 大迎

ST-5대영 daying listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.38.1

Source원문

在曲頷前一寸二分骨䧟中動脉, 又以口下當兩肩取之. 鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch two tenths in front of the angle of the jaw, at the stirring vessel in the hollow of the bone; it may also be found below the mouth, in line with the two shoulders. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The book places this point thirty-eighth, where the standard numbers it ST-5 — the last eight points of the channel run in the book's own order from the neck up over the face, which is the reverse of the standard numbering. The course in 1.34 passes Daeyeong twice, once on the way down and once as the origin of the branch to Inyeong.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.39 Earth Granary 地倉

ST-4지창 dicang listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.39.1

Source원문

一名胃維. 挾口吻傍四分外. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Wiyu. It flanks the corner of the mouth, four tenths to the outer side.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.39.2

Source원문

○如近下有脉微微動者是. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Just below it there is a vessel faintly stirring; that is the place.

Gangmok 綱目

1.35.39.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 留五呼, 日可灸二七壯, 至七七壯止. 艾炷若大, 口轉喎, 却灸承漿七七壯卽愈. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. It is retained five breaths. Fourteen cones a day may be burned, stopping at forty-nine. If the moxa cone is too large the mouth turns awry; then cauterize Seungjang (CV-24) with forty-nine cones and it is cured at once.

Clinical note임상 주석

The chapter's one instance of a treatment for its own iatrogenic injury: too large a cone here deviates the mouth, and the remedy is moxa at Seungjang. The point is the chief one for deviated mouth in the first place, which is why the complication and the complaint look alike.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.40 Great Bone-Hole 巨髎

ST-3거료 juliao listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.40.1

Source원문

在挾鼻孔傍八分, 直目瞳子. 鍼入三分, 可灸七壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is eight tenths to the side of the nostril, directly below the pupil of the eye. The needle enters three tenths. Seven cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

Its romanization is the same as that of Georyo 居髎 (GB-29) — 거료 for both — one of the eight homophone pairs. The record ids carry the channel to keep them apart.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.41 Four Whites 四白

ST-2사백 sibai listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.41.1

Source원문

在目下一寸, 直目瞳子. 鍼入三分, 若鍼深令人目烏色. 可灸七壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch below the eye, directly below the pupil. The needle enters three tenths. If the needle goes deep it turns the eye black. Seven cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.42 Tear Container 承泣

ST-1승읍 chengqi listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.42.1

Source원문

在目下七分, 直目瞳子. 禁不宜鍼, 鍼之令人目烏色. 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is seven tenths below the eye, directly below the pupil. Needling is forbidden as unsuitable. Needling it turns the eye black. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The book places this point forty-second; the standard numbers it ST-1, the first of the channel, and 1.34 confirms that reading by naming it as the point at which the course crosses over from the large intestine. 目烏色 — the eye turning black — is periorbital bruising from the needle, and the same warning stands at Sabaek (ST-2) one inch below, more strongly here because the point lies against the orbital rim.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.43 Jaw Chariot 頰車

ST-6협차 jiache listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.43.1

Source원문

一名機關. 在耳下曲頰端近前䧟中, 側卧開口取之. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Gigwan. It is in the hollow just in front of the angle of the jaw, below the ear. Locate it lying on the side with the mouth open.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.43.2

Source원문

○在耳下八分, 小近前曲頰端䧟中, 開口有空. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is eight tenths below the ear, in the hollow a little in front of the angle of the jaw; open the mouth and there is a gap.

Immun 入門

1.35.43.3

Source원문

○鍼入四分, 得氣卽寫. 可灸七壯至七七壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters four tenths. As soon as the qi arrives, drain. From seven to forty-nine cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

得氣卽寫 — drain as soon as the qi arrives — is the needling method rather than a depth, and 1.49 sets out what it means. The book writes 寫 for 瀉 here and 瀉 at Hagwan below, in the same formula.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.44 Below the Joint 下關

ST-7하관 xiaguan listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.44.1

Source원문

在上關下. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is below Sanggwan, that is Gaekjuin (GB-3).

Dongin 銅人

1.35.44.2

Source원문

○在客主人下《卽上關穴》, 耳前動脉下㢘. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is below Gaekjuin (GB-3) (that is, the point Sanggwan), on the lower border of the stirring vessel in front of the ear.

Gangmok 綱目

1.35.44.3

Source원문

○合口有空, 張口則閉, 宜側卧閉口取穴. 《入門》

Translation영역

Close the mouth and there is a gap; open it and the gap shuts. Locate the point lying on the side with the mouth closed.

Clinical note임상 주석

The opposite test to Hyeopcha above, which opens the mouth to find the gap. The two points lie on either side of the condyle, so the same movement opens one hollow and closes the other.

Immun 入門

1.35.44.4

Source원문

○鍼入四分, 得氣卽瀉, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters four tenths. As soon as the qi arrives, drain. Moxa is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.35.44.5

Source원문

○側面部在耳前十二穴, 頭維居上, 禾髎客主人次之, 耳門又次之, 聴會又次之, 下關居下. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Of the twelve points in front of the ear on the side of the face, Duyu (ST-8) is uppermost, Hwaryo and Gaekjuin (GB-3) next, Imun (TE-21) next again, Cheonghoe (GB-2) next again, and Hagwan lowest.

Clinical note임상 주석

The 禾髎 of this list cannot be the large intestine point of 1.33.20, which lies beside the nostril and not on the side of the face; the point that belongs in this column is the triple burner's 和髎 (TE-22) in front of the ear. The book prints the same graph for both, and the received names separate them as 口禾髎 and 耳和髎. No code is given here for that reason.

Gangmok 綱目

1.35.45 Head Corner 頭維

ST-8두유 touwei listed under The Foot Yang Brightness Stomach Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right足陽明胃經左右凡九十穴

1.35.45.1

Source원문

在額角入髮際, 本神傍一寸五分. 鍼入三分, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is at the corner of the forehead, within the hairline. It is one inch five tenths to the side of Bonsin (GB-13). The needle enters three tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The channel ends here in the book's order, at the top of the head, having run from the toe. The standard numbers it ST-8 and ends the channel at Yeotae (ST-45) on the toe instead — the two orders run in opposite directions over the last eight points, and 1.34 follows the standard direction in describing the course.

Dongin 銅人

1.36 The Flow of the Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel 足太隂脾經流注

1.36.1

Source원문

足太隂之脉, 起於大指之端《隱白穴》, 循指內側白肉際《大都穴》, 過核骨後《太白穴》, 上內踝前㢘《商丘穴》, 上腨內《腨謂脛之魚腹也》, 循䯒骨後, 交出厥隂之前, 上循膝股內前㢘《隂陵泉穴》, 入腹, 屬脾, 絡胃, 上膈, 挾咽, 連舌本, 散舌下. 其支者, 復從胃別上膈, 注心中《自此交入手少隂》. 是動則病舌本强, 食則嘔, 胃脘痛, 腹脹, 善噫, 得後與氣則快然如衰, 身體皆重. 是主脾所生病者, 舌本痛, 體不能動搖, 食不下, 煩心, 心下急痛, 寒瘧, 溏瘕泄, 水下, 黃疸, 不能卧, 强立, 股膝內腫厥, 足大指不用. 盛者寸口大三倍於人迎, 虛者寸口反小於人迎也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The vessel of the foot great yin arises at the tip of the great toe (the point Eunbaek, SP-1), follows the inner side of the toe at the border of the white flesh (the point Daedo, SP-2), passes behind the kernel bone (the point Taebaek, SP-3), ascends to the front border of the inner anklebone (the point Sanggu, SP-5), ascends the inside of the calf (the calf means the fish-belly of the shank), follows behind the shank bone, crosses to emerge in front of the reverting yin, ascends along the inner front border of the knee and thigh (the point Eumneungcheon, SP-9), enters the abdomen, belongs to the spleen, nets the stomach, ascends through the diaphragm, flanks the gullet, joins the root of the tongue and scatters beneath it. Its branch goes again from the stomach, parts and ascends through the diaphragm, and pours into the heart (from here it crosses into the hand lesser yin). When it is stirred there is disease: stiffness at the root of the tongue, vomiting on eating, pain in the stomach duct, abdominal distension, much belching; with a stool and the passing of gas there is relief as though the trouble had abated; and the body is heavy throughout. What it governs are the diseases arising in the spleen: pain at the root of the tongue, a body that cannot be moved or shifted, food that will not go down, vexation of the heart, urgent pain below the heart, cold malaria, sloppy stool with conglomeration and diarrhoea, water descending, jaundice, inability to lie down, standing with effort, swelling and reversal inside the thigh and knee, and the great toe useless. Where it is exuberant the inch opening is three times larger than the Inyeong pulse; where vacuous, the inch opening is on the contrary smaller than the Inyeong.

Clinical note임상 주석

The first channel whose pulse comparison runs the other way: the three yang channels before it read exuberance at Inyeong (ST-9) on the neck, and here it is read at the inch opening on the wrist. That is the yin–yang division of pulse diagnosis stated channel by channel. 得後與氣則快然如衰 — relief on passing stool and gas — is the sign that still marks spleen patterns from stomach ones, and it is the one symptom in this list a patient reports as improvement rather than complaint. Five interlinear point names carry the course.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.36.2

Source원문

○巳時自衝陽過, 交與隱白, 循腿腹上行, 至腋下大包穴止. 《入門》

Translation영역

At the hour of the snake it passes from Chungyang (ST-42), crosses to Eunbaek (SP-1), follows the leg and abdomen upward, and stops at the point Daepo (SP-21) below the armpit.

Clinical note임상 주석

The hour of the snake is 9 to 11 a.m., following the stomach's hour of the dragon. The crossing is from the stomach's source point to the spleen's well point, which is the paired-channel junction the two share at the foot.

Immun 入門

1.36.3

Source원문

○太隂根于隱白, 結于太倉. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The great yin is rooted at Eunbaek (SP-1) and knotted at Taechang.

Clinical note임상 주석

Taechang — the great granary — is the stomach itself, and the received commentaries identify it with Jungwan (CV-12) on the controlling vessel. Like Sangdae at the end of 1.34, it is not among the three hundred and ninety-six points of this chapter, so no code is given.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.37 The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right 足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.1 Hidden White 隱白

SP-1은백 yinbai 井 point listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.1.1

Source원문

在足大指端內側, 去爪甲角如韭葉. 足太隂脉之所出爲井. 鍼入一分, 留三呼, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the inner side of the tip of the great toe, a chive-leaf's width from the corner of the nail. It is where the vessel of the foot great yin issues, and is the well point. The needle enters one tenth. It is retained three breaths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

Moxa is forbidden at this well point, where the stomach channel allowed one cone at Yeotae (ST-45) on the toe beside it. The chive-leaf measure is the same one that fixes the well points of the hand channels in 1.31.1 and 1.33.1.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.2 Great Metropolis 大都

SP-2대도 dadu 滎 point listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.2.1

Source원문

在足大指內側本節前䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow before the knuckle, on the inner side of the great toe.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.2.2

Source원문

○在本節內側白肉際. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is at the border of the white flesh, on the inner side of the knuckle.

Jasaeng 資生

1.37.2.3

Source원문

○足太隂脉之所流爲滎. 鍼入二分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the foot great yin flows, and is the spring point. The needle enters two tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.37.3 Supreme White 太白

SP-3태백 taibai 兪 point listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.3.1

Source원문

在足大指內側核骨下䧟中. 足太隂脉之所注爲腧. 鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow below the kernel bone, on the inner side of the great toe. It is where the vessel of the foot great yin pours, and is the stream point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

核骨 — the kernel bone — is the head of the first metatarsal, the bump the course in 1.36 passes behind. The book uses it as a landmark without defining it, as it does the fish-belly of the calf.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.4 Yellow Emperor 公孫

SP-4공손 gongsun 絡 point listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.4.1

Source원문

在足大指本節之後一寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch behind the knuckle of the great toe.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.4.2

Source원문

○在太白後一寸䧟中. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch behind Taebaek (SP-3).

Immun 入門

1.37.4.3

Source원문

○足太隂絡別走陽明. 鍼入四分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is the network vessel of the foot great yin, branching off to the yang brightness. The needle enters four tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The network point of the channel, crossing to the yang brightness — that is, to the stomach. It is also the point 1.37.8 locates Jigi by, calling it simply 別走, the branching-off.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.5 Shang Mound 商丘

SP-5상구 shangqiu 經 point listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.5.1

Source원문

在足內踝骨下微前䧟中. 足太隂脉之所行爲經. 鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow a little in front of and below the inner anklebone. It is where the vessel of the foot great yin travels, and is the river point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.6 Three Yin Intersection 三隂交

SP-6삼음교 sanyinjiao listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.6.1

Source원문

在內踝上三寸骨下䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches above the inner anklebone, in the hollow below the bone.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.6.2

Source원문

○在骨後筋前. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is behind the bone and in front of the sinew.

Immun 入門

1.37.6.3

Source원문

○足太隂厥隂少隂之會. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯.

Translation영역

It is the meeting of the foot great yin, reverting yin and lesser yin. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Donguibogam · Chimgu

1.37.6.4

Source원문

○昔有宋太子善醫術, 逢一孕婦, 診曰是一女. 徐文伯診曰, 此一男一女也. 太子性急, 欲剖視之. 文伯曰, 臣請鍼之, 瀉足三隂交, 補手合谷, 應鍼而落, 果如文伯之言. 故姙娠不可刺. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Long ago a crown prince of Song was skilled in the art of medicine. Meeting a pregnant woman, he examined her and said, it is a single girl. Xu Wenbo examined her and said, this is one boy and one girl. The prince was impatient and wished to cut her open and look. Wenbo said, let your servant needle her. He drained Sameumgyo on the foot and supplemented Hapgok (LI-4) on the hand; the birth answered the needle and came away, and it was indeed as Wenbo had said. Therefore a pregnant woman may not be pierced here.

Clinical note임상 주석

The most famous case in the chapter, and the reason the pregnancy prohibition attaches to this point and to Hapgok (LI-4) together — the same pairing 1.33.4 records from the other end. The story is told to establish the contraindication, not the diagnosis: a drained Sameumgyo and a supplemented Hapgok hastened a delivery, so the pair is avoided in pregnancy. It also saves a life, which is why it is told at length in a chapter that otherwise gives only depths and measures.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.7 Dripping Valley 漏谷

SP-7누곡 lougu listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.7.1

Source원문

在內踝上六寸骨下䧟中. 鍼入三分, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is six inches above the inner anklebone, in the hollow below the bone. The needle enters three tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.8 Earth Pivot 地機

SP-8지기 diji 郄 point listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.8.1

Source원문

一名脾舍. 在別走上一寸空中, 在膝下五寸. 足太隂之郄. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Bisa. It is one inch above the branching-off, in the gap, five inches below the knee. It is the cleft point of the foot great yin.

Clinical note임상 주석

別走 — the branching-off — means the network point Gongson (SP-4) of 1.37.4, which the book there describes as 絡別走陽明. Locating one point by another point's function rather than by its name happens only here.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.8.2

Source원문

○在膝下五寸大骨後, 伸足取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is five inches below the knee, behind the great bone. Stretch out the foot to locate it.

Immun 入門

1.37.8.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.9 Yin Mound Spring 隂陵泉

SP-9음릉천 yinlingquan listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.9.1

Source원문

在膝下內側輔骨下䧟中, 伸足乃得之. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow below the supporting bone, on the inner side below the knee. Stretch out the foot to locate it.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.9.2

Source원문

○在膝內側輔骨下䧟中. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow below the supporting bone on the inner side of the knee.

Jasaeng 資生

1.37.9.3

Source원문

○曲膝取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

Locate it with the knee bent.

Immun 入門

1.37.9.4

Source원문

○足太隂脉之所合. 鍼入五分, 留七呼, 禁不可灸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the foot great yin unites, and is the uniting point. The needle enters five tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The two postures disagree: the 銅人 stretches the foot out and the 入門 bends the knee. Both find the same hollow, which only opens when the muscles there are slack, so the disagreement is about how to slacken them rather than about where the point is. Moxa is forbidden, where the paired Yanggneungcheon on the gallbladder channel permits it.

Immun 入門

1.37.10 Sea of Blood 血海

SP-10혈해 xuehai listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.10.1

Source원문

在膝臏上內㢘白肉際三寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches above the knee-cap, on the inner border at the edge of the white flesh.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.10.2

Source원문

○在膝臏上三寸, 內㢘骨後筋前白肉際. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is three inches above the knee-cap, on the inner border at the edge of the white flesh, behind the bone and in front of the sinew.

Immun 入門

1.37.10.3

Source원문

○鍼入五分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters five tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The name is the whole indication: the sea of blood, used for menstrual disorders and for skin conditions held to arise from the blood. The book gives no indications here, as it gives none for most points — the name carries them.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.11 Winnower Gate 箕門

SP-11기문 jimen listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.11.1

Source원문

在魚腹上越筋間, 隂股內動脉應手. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is above the fish-belly, in the cleft crossing the sinew, at the stirring vessel inside the yin aspect of the thigh, where it answers the hand.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.11.2

Source원문

○在股上起筋間. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

It is in the cleft of the rising sinew on the thigh.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.37.11.3

Source원문

○在血海上六寸, 隂股內動脉應手筋間. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is six inches above Hyeolhae (SP-10). It is at the sinew cleft inside the yin aspect of the thigh, where the stirring vessel answers the hand.

Immun 入門

1.37.11.4

Source원문

○可灸三壯, 禁不可鍼. 《入門》

Translation영역

Three cones may be burned. Needling is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

Moxa only, never the needle — the stirring vessel all three sources name is the femoral artery, as at Gichung (ST-30) in 1.35.16. Its romanization is the same as that of Gimun 期門 (LR-14) — 기문 for both — one of the eight homophone pairs, and the record ids carry the channel to keep them apart. 魚腹, the fish-belly, is the calf as 1.36 glosses it, so "above the fish-belly" measures up the leg from there.

Immun 入門

1.37.12 Surging Gate 衝門

SP-12충문 chongmen listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.12.1

Source원문

一名慈宮. 上去大橫五寸, 在府舍下橫骨兩端約文中動脉. 鍼入七分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Jagung. It is five inches up from Daehoeng (SP-15), below Busa (SP-13), at the stirring vessel in the binding crease at the two ends of the transverse bone. The needle enters seven tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.13 Bowel Abode 府舍

SP-13부사 fushe listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.13.1

Source원문

在腹結下二寸, 大橫下三寸. 足太隂隂維厥隂之會. 此三脉上下三入腹, 絡肝脾, 結心肺, 從脇上至肩. 此太隂郄, 三隂陽明之別. 鍼入七分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is two inches below Bokgyeol (SP-14). It is three inches below Daehoeng (SP-15). It is the meeting of the foot great yin, yin linking vessel and reverting yin. These three vessels enter the abdomen three times, going up and down; they net the liver and spleen, knot the heart and lung, and run from the rib-side up to the shoulder. This is the cleft point of the great yin; it is the parting of the three yin and the yang brightness. The needle enters seven tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The densest doctrinal statement attached to any single point in the chapter: a crossing of three vessels that enters the abdomen three times and links four viscera. It is also the only place the book calls one point both a cleft point and a parting. Nothing is said of what it treats — the claim is about the web of connections, which is what the abdominal points of this channel are for in the book's reckoning.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.14 Abdominal Bind 腹結

SP-14복결 fujie listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.14.1

Source원문

一名腸窟, 一名腹屈. 在大橫下三寸. 鍼入七分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Janggul. Also called Bokgul. It is three inches below Daehoeng (SP-15). The needle enters seven tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

Busa above is given as two inches below Bokgyeol and three inches below Daehoeng, while Bokgyeol itself is three inches below Daehoeng — so the two points would coincide. One of the figures is wrong, and the book prints both without remark; present practice puts Busa below Bokgyeol, making the 大橫下三寸 here the figure to doubt.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.15 Great Horizontal 大橫

SP-15대횡 daheng listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.15.1

Source원문

在腹哀下一寸六分. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch six tenths below Bogae (SP-16).

Dongin 銅人

1.37.15.2

Source원문

○平臍傍四寸半. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is level with the navel, four and a half inches to the side.

Immun 入門

1.37.15.3

Source원문

○去章門合爲六寸. 《資生》

Translation영역

From Jangmun (LR-13) it is altogether six inches.

Jasaeng 資生

1.37.15.4

Source원문

○鍼入七分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters seven tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.15.5

Source원문

○自期門至衝門, 去腹中行各當四寸半. 《資生》

Translation영역

From Gimun (LR-14) down to Chungmun (SP-12), each lies four and a half inches from the midline of the abdomen.

Clinical note임상 주석

The column runs from a liver point down to a spleen point, crossing channels, and the same is true of Bogae below, which is fixed by Irwol (GB-24) on the gallbladder channel. The abdominal lines are measured as lines rather than as channels, which is why these points lean on neighbours outside their own channel. Compare the chest column at 1.37.21, measured at six inches six tenths.

Jasaeng 資生

1.37.16 Abdominal Lament 腹哀

SP-16복애 fuai listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.16.1

Source원문

在日月下一寸六分. 鍼入三分, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch six tenths below Irwol (GB-24). The needle enters three tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.17 Food Hole 食竇

SP-17식두 shidou listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.17.1

Source원문

在天谿下一寸六分䧟中, 擧臂取之. 鍼入四分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch six tenths below Cheongye (SP-18). Raise the arm to locate it. The needle enters four tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.18 Celestial Ravine 天谿

SP-18천계 tianxi listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.18.1

Source원문

在𦙄鄕下一寸六分䧟中, 仰而取之. 鍼入四分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch six tenths below Hyunghyang (SP-19). Locate it with the patient supine. The needle enters four tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.19 Chest Village 𦙄鄕

SP-19흉향 xiongxiang listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.19.1

Source원문

在周榮下一寸六分䧟中, 仰而取之. 鍼入四分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch six tenths below Juyeong (SP-20). Locate it with the patient supine. The needle enters four tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.20 Encircling Glory 周榮

SP-20주영 zhourong listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.20.1

Source원문

在中府下一寸六分䧟中, 仰而取之. 鍼入四分, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow one inch six tenths below Jungbu (LU-1). Locate it with the patient supine. The needle enters four tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The four chest points of this channel run upward at one inch six tenths apart, each fixed by the one above, and the topmost leans on Jungbu (LU-1) — a lung point. The spacing is the same as the stomach channel's chest column in 1.35.33, which sits closer to the midline.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.21 Great Envelopment 大包

SP-21대포 dabao listed under The Foot Great Yin Spleen Channel: Forty-Two Points, Left and Right足太隂脾經左右凡四十二穴

1.37.21.1

Source원문

在淵腋下三寸. 此脾之大絡, 布𦙄脇中, 出九肋間. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches below Yeonaek (GB-22). This is the great network vessel of the spleen; it spreads through the chest and rib-side and emerges in the ninth intercostal space. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The great network of the spleen, distinct from the ordinary network point Gongson (SP-4) in 1.37.4 — the only point in the chapter given this rank. It is the terminus of the channel in both the book's order and the standard, and the hour-cycle in 1.36 ends here before the heart channel takes over.

Dongin 銅人

1.37.21.2

Source원문

○雲門·中府·周榮·𦙄鄕·天谿·食竇六穴, 去膺中行各六寸六分. 《資生》

Translation영역

The six points Unmun (LU-2), Jungbu (LU-1), Juyeong (SP-20), Hyunghyang (SP-19), Cheongye (SP-18) and Sikdu (SP-17) each lie six inches six tenths from the midline of the chest.

Clinical note임상 주석

Two lung points at the head of a column of four spleen points, measured as one line six inches six tenths out — the chest counterpart of the abdominal line in 1.37.15. The stomach channel's column in 1.35.33 is given as four inches, so the book records three parallel vertical lines on the chest at different distances from the midline.

Jasaeng 資生

1.38 The Flow of the Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel 手少隂心經流注

1.38.1

Source원문

手少隂之脉, 起於心中, 出屬心系, 下膈, 絡小腸. 其支者, 從心系上挾咽喉, 繫目. 其直者, 復從心系却上肺, 下出腋下, 下循臑內後㢘, 行太隂心主之後, 下肘內《少海穴》, 循臂內後㢘《靈道穴》, 抵掌後銳骨之端《神門穴》, 入掌內後㢘《少府穴》, 循小指之內, 出其端《少衝穴. 自此交入手太陽》. 是動則病嗌乾, 心痛, 渴而欲飮, 是謂臂厥. 是主心所生病者, 目黃, 脇痛, 臑臂內後㢘痛厥, 掌中𤍠. 盛者寸口大再倍於人迎, 虛者寸口反小於人迎也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The vessel of the hand lesser yin arises within the heart, emerges and belongs to the heart system, descends through the diaphragm and nets the small intestine. Its branch goes from the heart system upward to flank the gullet and throat, and ties to the eye. Its straight course goes again from the heart system up to the lung, descends to emerge below the armpit, descends along the inner rear border of the upper arm, runs behind the great yin and the heart governor, descends to the inside of the elbow (the point Sohae, HT-3), follows the inner rear border of the forearm (the point Yeongdo, HT-4), reaches the tip of the pointed bone behind the palm (the point Sinmun, HT-7), enters the inner rear border of the palm (the point Sobu, HT-8), follows the inside of the little finger and emerges at its tip (the point Sochung, HT-9; from here it crosses into the hand greater yang). When it is stirred there is disease: a dry throat, heart pain, and thirst with a desire to drink. This is called arm reversal. What it governs are the diseases arising in the heart: yellowing of the eyes, pain in the rib-side, painful reversal along the inner rear border of the upper arm and forearm, and heat in the middle of the palm. Where it is exuberant the inch opening is twice as large as the Inyeong pulse; where vacuous, the inch opening is on the contrary smaller than the Inyeong.

Clinical note임상 주석

再倍 — twice as large — where the four channels before it all read 三倍, three times. The heart is the one channel whose exuberance the classic grades more mildly, and the small intestine in 1.40 reads 再倍 likewise, so the pair is matched. 心主 named in the course is the pericardium channel of 1.52, which runs in front of this one on the same aspect of the arm. Five interlinear point names carry the course, and they run from elbow to fingertip — the reverse of the order the point list in 1.39 uses.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.38.2

Source원문

○午時自大包交與極泉, 循臂行至小指少衝穴止. 《入門》

Translation영역

At the hour of the horse it crosses from Daepo (SP-21) to Geukcheon (HT-1), follows the arm and goes to stop at the point Sochung (HT-9) on the little finger.

Clinical note임상 주석

The hour of the horse is 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., following the spleen's hour of the snake. The cycle runs from Geukcheon to Sochung — that is, from the ninth point of the book's list to the first — which is the plainest statement that the book's ordering of this channel is reversed against the direction of flow.

Immun 入門

1.39 The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right 手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.1 Lesser Surge 少衝

HT-9소충 shaochong 井 point listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.1.1

Source원문

一名經始. 在手小指端內側, 去爪甲角如韭葉. 手少隂脉之所出爲井. 鍼入一分, 可灸二壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Gyeongsi. It is on the inner side of the tip of the little finger, a chive-leaf's width from the corner of the nail. It is where the vessel of the hand lesser yin issues, and is the well point. The needle enters one tenth. Two cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The alias 經始 — the channel's beginning — names this point as the start, which is how the book orders the channel, though the flow described in 1.38 ends here. Two cones, where the other well points of the hand allow three.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.2 Lesser Mansion 少府

HT-8소부 shaofu 滎 point listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.2.1

Source원문

在手小指本節後䧟中, 直勞宮. 手少隂脉之所流爲滎. 鍼入二分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow behind the knuckle of the little finger, in line with Nogung (PC-8). It is where the vessel of the hand lesser yin flows, and is the spring point. The needle enters two tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.3 Spirit Gate 神門

HT-7신문 shenmen 兪 point listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.3.1

Source원문

一名銳衝, 一名中都. 在掌後銳骨之端動脉䧟中. 手少隂脉之所注爲腧. 鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸七壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Yechung. Also called Jungdo. It is in the hollow at the stirring vessel, at the tip of the pointed bone behind the palm. It is where the vessel of the hand lesser yin pours, and is the stream point. The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Seven cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.3.2

Source원문

○內經言心蔵堅固, 邪不能容, 故手少隂獨無輸. 其外經病而蔵不病者, 獨取其經於掌後銳骨之端, 神門穴是也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

The Inner Classic says that the heart viscus is firm, so that evil cannot be harboured there; therefore the hand lesser yin alone has no stream point. When its outer channel is diseased but the viscus is not, one takes its channel only at the tip of the pointed bone behind the palm — that is, the point Sinmun.

Clinical note임상 주석

The book contradicts itself within one section: the line above calls this point 所注爲腧, the stream point of the channel, and this quotation says the hand lesser yin alone has no stream point. Both are printed here without choosing between them. The claim comes from the 靈樞 doctrine that the heart is too firm to harbour evil, so that heart disease is treated through the pericardium instead — which is why Daeneung (PC-7) often stands where this point would.

Gangmok 綱目

1.39.4 Yin Cleft 隂郄

HT-6음극 yinxi listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.4.1

Source원문

在掌後脉中, 去腕五分. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the vessel behind the palm, five tenths from the wrist.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.4.2

Source원문

○在掌後五分動脉中. 手少隂郄. 鍼入三分, 可灸七壯. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is five tenths behind the palm, in the stirring vessel. It is the cleft point of the hand lesser yin. The needle enters three tenths. Seven cones may be burned.

Immun 入門

1.39.5 Connecting Li 通里

HT-5통리 tongli 絡 point listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.5.1

Source원문

在腕後一寸. 手少隂絡別走太陽. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch behind the wrist. It is the network vessel of the hand lesser yin, branching off to the greater yang. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The network point of the channel, crossing to the greater yang — that is, to the small intestine. Its romanization is the same as that of Tongni 通理, one of the forty points listed apart from the channels in 1.78 — 통리 for both, with different graphs. The record ids carry the channel to keep them apart.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.6 Spirit Pathway 靈道

HT-4영도 lingdao 經 point listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.6.1

Source원문

在掌後一寸五分. 手少隂脉之所行爲經. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is one inch five tenths behind the palm. It is where the vessel of the hand lesser yin travels, and is the river point. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.7 Lesser Sea 少海

HT-3소해 shaohai 合 point listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.7.1

Source원문

一名曲折. 在肘內㢘節後䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Gokjeol. It is in the hollow behind the joint, on the inner border of the elbow.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.7.2

Source원문

○在肘內大骨外, 去肘端五分. 《綱目》

Translation영역

It is outside the great bone inside the elbow, five tenths from the tip of the elbow.

Gangmok 綱目

1.39.7.3

Source원문

○在肘內㢘節後䧟中動脉應手, 屈肘得之. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow behind the joint on the inner border of the elbow, where a stirring vessel answers the hand; bend the elbow and it is found.

Jasaeng 資生

1.39.7.4

Source원문

○肘內㢘橫文頭盡處䧟中, 曲手向頭取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow where the transverse crease ends on the inner border of the elbow; bend the hand toward the head to locate it.

Clinical note임상 주석

Its name and romanization are shared with Sohae 小海 (SI-8) in 1.41.8, the uniting point of the small intestine channel, which lies on the other side of the same elbow — 소해 for both. The received names differ only in 少 against 小, and the record ids carry the channel to keep them apart. The 入門 location here is word for word the one the 銅人 gives for that point, which is how close the two sit.

Immun 入門

1.39.7.5

Source원문

○手少隂脉之所入爲合. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the hand lesser yin enters, and is the uniting point. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.8 Cyan Spirit 靑靈

HT-2청령 qingling listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.8.1

Source원문

在肘上三寸, 伸肘擧臂取之. 可灸七壯, 禁不可鍼. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is three inches above the elbow; straighten the elbow and raise the arm to locate it. Seven cones may be burned. Needling is forbidden.

Dongin 銅人

1.39.9 Highest Spring 極泉

HT-1극천 jiquan listed under The Hand Lesser Yin Heart Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right手少隂心經左右凡一十八穴

1.39.9.1

Source원문

在臂內腋下筋間動脉入𦙄處. 鍼入三分, 可灸七壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is inside the arm below the armpit, in the sinew cleft where the stirring vessel enters the chest. The needle enters three tenths. Seven cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The book places this point last; the standard numbers it HT-1, the first of the channel, and the hour-cycle in 1.38 confirms that reading by starting the flow here. The stirring vessel entering the chest is the axillary artery, which the point lies against — the needle is held to three tenths for that reason.

Dongin 銅人

1.40 The Flow of the Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel 手太陽小腸經流注

1.40.1

Source원문

手太陽之脉, 起於小指之端《少澤穴》, 循手外側《本節前前谷穴, 本節後後谿穴》, 上腕《腕前腕骨穴, 腕中陽谷穴》, 出踝中, 直上循臂骨下㢘, 出肘內側兩骨之間《小海穴》, 上循臑外後㢘, 出肩解, 繞肩胛, 交肩上, 入缺盆, 向腋, 絡心, 循咽, 下膈, 抵胃, 屬小腸. 其支者, 從缺盆貫頸上頰, 至目銳眥, 却入耳中. 其支者, 別頰上䪼, 抵鼻, 至目內眥, 斜絡於顴《顴頰骨也. 自此交入足太陽》. 是動則病嗌痛, 頷腫, 不可回顧, 肩似拔, 臑似折. 是主液所生病者, 耳聾, 目黃, 頰頷腫, 頸肩臑肘臂外後㢘痛. 盛者人迎再倍於寸口, 虛者人迎反小於寸口也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The vessel of the hand greater yang arises at the tip of the little finger (the point Sotaek, SI-1), follows the outer side of the hand (before the knuckle, the point Jeongok, SI-2; behind the knuckle, the point Hugye, SI-3), ascends to the wrist (before the wrist, the point Wangol, SI-4; in the wrist, the point Yanggok, SI-5), emerges in the midst of the anklebone, ascends straight along the lower border of the arm bone, emerges between the two bones on the inner side of the elbow (the point Sohae, SI-8), ascends along the outer rear border of the upper arm, emerges at the parting of the shoulder, winds round the shoulder blade, crosses above the shoulder, enters the supraclavicular fossa, turns toward the armpit, nets the heart, follows the gullet, descends through the diaphragm, reaches the stomach and belongs to the small intestine. Its branch goes from the supraclavicular fossa through the neck, up the cheek to the outer canthus of the eye, and then enters the ear. Another branch parts at the cheek, goes up to the cheekbone, reaches the nose and the inner canthus of the eye, and nets obliquely at the zygoma (the zygoma is the cheekbone; from here it crosses into the foot greater yang). When it is stirred there is disease: sore throat, swollen jaw, inability to turn and look back, a shoulder as though wrenched out and an upper arm as though broken. What it governs are the diseases arising in the fluids: deafness, yellowing of the eyes, swelling of the cheek and jaw, and pain along the neck, shoulder, upper arm, elbow and the outer rear border of the forearm. Where it is exuberant the Inyeong pulse is twice as large as the inch opening; where vacuous, the Inyeong is on the contrary smaller than the inch opening.

Clinical note임상 주석

是主液 — it governs the fluids — where the large intestine in 1.32 governs 津. The pair 津液 is split between the two yang channels of the hand, which is the classic's way of dividing the thin fluids from the thick. 肩似拔, 臑似折 — a shoulder as though wrenched out, an upper arm as though broken — is the most vivid pain description in the chapter, and it is still what sends patients to these points. Six interlinear point names carry the course. The pulse reads 再倍, twice, matching the heart in 1.38 rather than the three-fold reading of the other yang channels.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.40.2

Source원문

○未時自少衝交與少澤, 循肘上行至聴宮穴止. 《入門》

Translation영역

At the hour of the goat it crosses from Sochung (HT-9) to Sotaek (SI-1), follows the elbow upward and stops at the point Cheonggung (SI-19).

Clinical note임상 주석

The hour of the goat is 1 to 3 p.m., following the heart's hour of the horse. Unlike the heart channel before it, the book's point order here runs with the flow, from fingertip to ear.

Immun 入門

1.41 The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right 手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.1 Lesser Marsh 少澤

SI-1소택 shaoze 井 point listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.1.1

Source원문

一名少吉. 在手小指之端外側, 去爪甲角下如韭葉. 手太陽脉之所出爲井. 鍼入一分, 留二呼, 可灸一壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Sogil. It is on the outer side of the tip of the little finger, a chive-leaf's width below the corner of the nail. It is where the vessel of the hand greater yang issues, and is the well point. The needle enters one tenth. It is retained two breaths. One cone may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

One cone only, the smallest moxa dose given to any well point in the chapter. The point sits on the opposite side of the same fingertip as Sochung (HT-9) in 1.39.1, which is where the flow crosses from the heart channel to this one.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.2 Front Valley 前谷

SI-2전곡 qiangu 滎 point listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.2.1

Source원문

在手小指外側本節前䧟中. 手太陽脉之所流爲滎. 鍼入一分, 留三呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow before the knuckle, on the outer side of the little finger. It is where the vessel of the hand greater yang flows, and is the spring point. The needle enters one tenth. It is retained three breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.3 Back Ravine 後谿

SI-3후계 houxi 兪 point listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.3.1

Source원문

在手小指外側本節後䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow behind the knuckle, on the outer side of the little finger.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.3.2

Source원문

○本節後橫文尖盡處, 握掌取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is where the point of the transverse crease ends behind the knuckle; clench the hand to locate it.

Immun 入門

1.41.3.3

Source원문

○手太陽脉之所注爲腧. 鍼入二分, 留三呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the hand greater yang pours, and is the stream point. The needle enters two tenths. It is retained three breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.4 Wrist Bone 腕骨

SI-4완골 wangu 原 point listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.4.1

Source원문

在手外側腕前《臂下掌上節處曰腕》起骨下䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the outer side of the hand, before the wrist (the joint between the lower forearm and the upper palm is called the wrist), in the hollow below the rising bone.

Clinical note임상 주석

Its name and romanization are shared with Wangol 完骨 (GB-12) behind the ear — 완골 for both, with different graphs. The record ids carry the channel to keep them apart.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.4.2

Source원문

○在掌後外側高骨下䧟中, 握掌向內取之. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow below the high bone on the outer side behind the palm; clench the hand and turn it inward to locate it.

Immun 入門

1.41.4.3

Source원문

○在手外側腕骨之前. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

It is in front of the wrist bone, on the outer side of the hand.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.41.4.4

Source원문

○手太陽脉之所過爲原. 鍼入二分, 留三呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the hand greater yang passes, and is the source point. The needle enters two tenths. It is retained three breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.5 Yang Valley 陽谷

SI-5양곡 yanggu 經 point listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.5.1

Source원문

在手外側腕中銳骨下䧟中. 手太陽脉之所行爲經. 鍼入二分, 留三呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow below the pointed bone in the wrist, on the outer side of the hand. It is where the vessel of the hand greater yang travels, and is the river point. The needle enters two tenths. It is retained three breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.6 Nursing the Aged 養老

SI-6양로 yanglao listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.6.1

Source원문

在手踝骨上一空, 在腕後一寸䧟中. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is at the one gap above the anklebone of the hand, in the hollow one inch behind the wrist. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

手踝骨 — the anklebone of the hand — is the head of the ulna, named by analogy with the foot. The book uses the same word 踝 for both without remark, and the course in 1.40 does the same when it has this channel emerge 出踝中 on the arm.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.7 Branch to the Correct 支正

SI-7지정 zhizheng 絡 point listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.7.1

Source원문

在腕骨後五寸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is five inches behind Wangol (SI-4).

Dongin 銅人

1.41.7.2

Source원문

○在腕後五寸, 去養老四寸䧟中. 《資生》

Translation영역

It is five inches behind the wrist, in the hollow four inches from Yangno (SI-6).

Jasaeng 資生

1.41.7.3

Source원문

○手太陽絡別走少隂. 鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is the network vessel of the hand greater yang, branching off to the lesser yin. The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

The network point of the channel, crossing to the lesser yin — that is, to the heart, whose own network point Tongni (HT-5) in 1.39.5 crosses back the other way. The two make the paired link between the channels.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.8 Small Sea 小海

SI-8소해 xiaohai 合 point listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.8.1

Source원문

在肘內大骨外, 去肘端五分䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is outside the great bone inside the elbow, in the hollow five tenths from the tip of the elbow.

Clinical note임상 주석

Its name and romanization are shared with Sohae 少海 (HT-3) in 1.39.7, the uniting point of the heart channel, which lies on the other side of the same elbow — 소해 for both, and the 入門 locates that point in these very words. The record ids carry the channel to keep them apart.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.8.2

Source원문

◐屈手向頭取之, 又云屈肘得之. 《入門》

Translation영역

Bend the hand toward the head to locate it; another account says bend the elbow and it is found.

Immun 入門

1.41.8.3

Source원문

◑手太陽脉之所入爲合. 鍼入二分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is where the vessel of the hand greater yang enters, and is the uniting point. The needle enters two tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.9 True Shoulder 肩貞

SI-9견정 jianzhen listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.9.1

Source원문

在肩曲胛上兩骨解間, 肩髃後䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is between the parting of the two bones above the curve of the shoulder blade, in the hollow behind Gyeonu (LI-15).

Dongin 銅人

1.41.9.2

Source원문

◐在肩髃後兩骨罅間. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the cleft between the two bones behind Gyeonu (LI-15).

Immun 入門

1.41.9.3

Source원문

◐鍼入八分, 禁不可灸. 《入門》

Translation영역

The needle enters eight tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Immun 入門

1.41.10 Upper Arm Point 臑腧

SI-10노수 naoshu listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.10.1

Source원문

在肩髎後大骨下胛上㢘䧟中, 擧臂取之. 鍼入八分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow behind Gyeollyo (TE-14), below the great bone and on the upper border of the shoulder blade. Raise the arm to locate it. The needle enters eight tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.11 Celestial Gathering 天宗

SI-11천종 tianzong listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.11.1

Source원문

在秉風後大骨下䧟中. 鍼入五分, 留六呼, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow below the great bone behind Byeongpung (SI-12). The needle enters five tenths. It is retained six breaths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.12 Grasping the Wind 秉風

SI-12병풍 bingfeng listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.12.1

Source원문

在天髎外肩上小髃骨後, 擧臂有空. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is outside Cheollyo (TE-15), on the shoulder behind the lesser acromion; raise the arm and there is a gap.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.12.2

Source원문

○在天宗前小髃後. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in front of Cheonjong (SI-11) and behind the lesser acromion.

Immun 入門

1.41.12.3

Source원문

○鍼入五分, 可灸五壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters five tenths. Five cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

Cheonjong above is located behind Byeongpung, and Byeongpung here in front of Cheonjong — each by the other, with no independent landmark between them. The gap that opens when the arm is raised is the only fixed point in the pair.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.13 Crooked Wall 曲垣

SI-13곡원 quyuan listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.13.1

Source원문

在肩中央曲胛䧟中, 按之應手痛. 鍼入五分, 可灸十壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow of the curve of the shoulder blade, at the centre of the shoulder; press it and it answers the hand with pain. The needle enters five tenths. Ten cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

Tenderness on pressure as the confirmation of a point, rather than a measurement — the 阿是穴 principle 1.6 records from Wu and Shu, applied to a named point.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.14 Outer Shoulder Point 肩外腧

SI-14견외수 jianwaishu listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.14.1

Source원문

在肩胛上㢘, 去脊三寸䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the upper border of the shoulder blade, in the hollow three inches from the spine.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.14.2

Source원문

○去大杼傍三寸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is three inches to the side of Daejeo (BL-11).

Immun 入門

1.41.14.3

Source원문

○鍼入六分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters six tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.15 Central Shoulder Point 肩中腧

SI-15견중수 jianzhongshu listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.15.1

Source원문

在肩胛內㢘, 去脊二寸䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is on the inner border of the shoulder blade, in the hollow two inches from the spine.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.15.2

Source원문

○去大杼傍二寸. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is two inches to the side of Daejeo (BL-11).

Immun 入門

1.41.15.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 留七呼, 可灸十壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. It is retained seven breaths. Ten cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.15.4

Source원문

○肩後㢘十二穴, 臑腧肩貞極外, 天宗曲垣次之, 外腧中腧極裏. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Of the twelve points on the rear border of the shoulder, Nosu (SI-10) and Gyeonjeong (SI-9) are the most lateral, Cheonjong (SI-11) and Gogwon (SI-13) next, and Gyeonoesu (SI-14) and Gyeonjungsu (SI-15) the most medial.

Clinical note임상 주석

The lateral-to-medial ordering of the shoulder points, the counterpart of the front-border list at Gyeolbun (ST-12) in 1.35.34 and the side-of-face list at Hagwan (ST-7) in 1.35.44. Six of this channel's points lie on the scapula and the 綱目 places them by rank rather than by measurement, which is the only practical way on a bone that moves.

Gangmok 綱目

1.41.16 Celestial Countenance 天容

SI-17천용 tianrong listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.16.1

Source원문

在耳下曲頰後. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is below the ear, behind the angle of the jaw.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.16.2

Source원문

○在頰車後䧟中. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow behind Hyeopcha (ST-6).

Immun 入門

1.41.16.3

Source원문

○鍼入一寸, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters one inch. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

An inch is the deepest insertion given anywhere in this channel, and the book places the point behind the jaw where no great vessel lies directly beneath. The book orders this point sixteenth and Cheonchang seventeenth, where the standard numbers them SI-17 and SI-16 — the pair is reversed.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.17 Celestial Window 天窓

SI-16천창 tianchuang listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.17.1

Source원문

一名窓籠. 在頸大筋前曲頰下, 挾扶突後動脉應手䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

Also called Changnong. It is in front of the great sinew of the neck, below the angle of the jaw, in the hollow behind Budol (LI-18), where a stirring vessel answers the hand.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.17.2

Source원문

○在完骨下髮際上, 頸上大筋處動脉䧟中. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is below Wangol (GB-12) and above the hairline, in the hollow at the stirring vessel where the great sinew of the neck is.

Immun 入門

1.41.17.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.18 Cheek Bone-Hole 顴髎

SI-18관료 quanliao listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.18.1

Source원문

在面頄骨下㢘銳骨端䧟中. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow at the tip of the pointed bone, on the lower border of the cheekbone of the face.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.18.2

Source원문

○在面頰銳骨下下㢘䧟中. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is in the hollow on the lower border beneath the pointed bone of the cheek.

Immun 入門

1.41.18.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 禁不可灸. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Moxa is forbidden.

Clinical note임상 주석

The 顴 the course in 1.40 ends at, glossed there as the cheekbone. Moxa is forbidden on the face here as at Seungeup (ST-1) and Sabaek (ST-2) it is the needle that is limited — the book treats the face as a region where one or the other must be withheld.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.19 Auditory Palace 聴宮

SI-19청궁 tinggong listed under The Hand Greater Yang Small Intestine Channel: Thirty-Eight Points, Left and Right手太陽小腸經左右凡三十八穴

1.41.19.1

Source원문

在耳中珠子大如赤小豆. 《銅人》

Translation영역

It is at the bead within the ear, the size of a red bean.

Dongin 銅人

1.41.19.2

Source원문

○在耳前珠子傍. 《入門》

Translation영역

It is beside the bead in front of the ear.

Immun 入門

1.41.19.3

Source원문

○鍼入三分, 可灸三壯. 《銅人》

Translation영역

The needle enters three tenths. Three cones may be burned.

Clinical note임상 주석

珠子 — the bead — is the tragus, and the point is where the flow ends in both the book's order and the standard. The hour-cycle in 1.40 stops here before the bladder channel takes over.

Dongin 銅人

1.42 The Flow of the Foot Greater Yang Bladder Channel 足太陽膀胱經流注

1.43 The Foot Greater Yang Bladder Channel: One Hundred Twenty-Six Points, Left and Right 足太陽膀胱經左右凡一百二十六穴

1.44 The Flow of the Foot Lesser Yin Kidney Channel 足少隂腎經流注

1.45 The Foot Lesser Yin Kidney Channel: Fifty-Four Points, Left and Right 足少隂腎經左右凡五十四穴

1.46 The Flow of the Hand Reverting Yin Pericardium Channel 手厥隂心包經流注

1.47 The Hand Reverting Yin Pericardium Channel: Eighteen Points, Left and Right 手厥隂心包經左右凡一十八穴

1.48 The Flow of the Hand Lesser Yang Triple Burner Channel 手少陽三焦經流注

1.49 The Hand Lesser Yang Triple Burner Channel: Forty-Six Points, Left and Right 手少陽三焦經左右凡四十六穴

1.50 The Flow of the Foot Lesser Yang Gallbladder Channel 足少陽膽經流注

1.51 The Foot Lesser Yang Gallbladder Channel: Ninety Points, Left and Right 足少陽膽經左右凡九十穴

1.52 The Flow of the Foot Reverting Yin Liver Channel 足厥隂肝經流注

1.53 The Foot Reverting Yin Liver Channel: Twenty-Six Points, Left and Right 足厥隂肝經左右凡二十六穴

1.54 The Flow of the Governing Vessel and Its Points 督脉流注及孔穴

1.55 The Flow of the Controlling Vessel and Its Points 任脉流注及孔穴

1.56 The Diseases Arising from the Fifteen Network Vessels 十五絡所生病

1.56.1 The Separate Vessel of the Hand Great Yin Is Called Yeolgyeol (LU-7) 手太隂之別名曰列缺

1.56.2 The Separate Vessel of the Foot Great Yin Is Called Gongson (SP-4) 足太隂之別名曰公孫

1.56.3 The Separate Vessel of the Hand Lesser Yin Is Called Tongni (HT-5) 手少隂之別名曰通里

1.56.4 The Separate Vessel of the Foot Lesser Yin Is Called Taejong (KI-4) 足少隂之別名曰太鍾

1.56.5 The Separate Vessel of the Hand Reverting Yin Is Called Naegwan (PC-6) 手厥隂之別名曰內關

1.56.6 The Separate Vessel of the Foot Reverting Yin Is Called Yeogu (LR-5) 足厥隂之別名曰蠡溝

1.56.7 The Separate Vessel of the Hand Greater Yang Is Called Jijeong (SI-7) 手太陽之別名曰支正

1.56.8 The Separate Vessel of the Foot Greater Yang Is Called Biyang (BL-58) 足太陽之別名曰飛陽

1.56.9 The Separate Vessel of the Hand Lesser Yang Is Called Oegwan (TE-5) 手少陽之別名曰外關

1.56.10 The Separate Vessel of the Foot Lesser Yang Is Called Gwangmyeong (GB-37) 足少陽之別名曰光明

1.56.11 The Separate Vessel of the Hand Yang Brightness Is Called Pyeollyeok (LI-6) 手陽明之別名曰偏歷

1.56.12 The Separate Vessel of the Foot Yang Brightness Is Called Pungnyung (ST-40) 足陽明之別名曰豊隆

1.56.13 The Separate Vessel of the Controlling Vessel Is Called Hoeeum (CV-1) 任脉之別名曰會隂

1.56.14 The Separate Vessel of the Governing Vessel Is Called Janggang (GV-1) 督脉之別名曰長强

1.56.15 The Great Network Vessel of the Spleen Is Called Daepo (SP-21) 脾之大絡名曰大包

1.57 Channel Disease Has What Stirs and What Arises 脉病有是動有所生病

1.58 Among Vessels There Are Channel, Network, and Grandchild Network Vessels 脉有經脉絡脉孫絡脉

1.59 The Amount of Blood and Qi in the Twelve Channels 十二經血氣多少

1.60 The Course and Divisions of the Twelve Channels 十二經行度部分

1.61 The Qi's Course Has Its Thoroughfares 氣行有街

1.62 Needling Has Great Piercing, Crossed Piercing, and Scattered Piercing 鍼法有巨刺繆刺散刺

1.63 The Eight Extraordinary Vessels 奇經八脉

1.63.1 The Yang Linking Vessel 陽維

1.63.2 The Yin Linking Vessel 隂維

1.63.3 The Yang Springing Vessel 陽蹻

1.63.4 The Yin Springing Vessel 隂蹻

1.63.5 The Thoroughfare Vessel 衝脉

1.63.6 The Governing Vessel 督脉

1.63.7 The Controlling Vessel 任脉

1.63.8 The Girdling Vessel 帶脉

1.64 The Eight Methods of Midnight and Midday 子午八法

1.65 The Midnight-Midday Flow 子午流注

1.66 The Five Transport Points and Five Phases of the Viscera and Bowels 五臓六腑所屬五腧五行

1.66.1 The Lung 肺

1.66.2 The Large Intestine 大腸

1.66.3 The Heart 心

1.66.4 The Small Intestine 小腸

1.66.5 The Liver 肝

1.66.6 The Gallbladder 膽

1.66.7 The Spleen 脾

1.66.8 The Stomach 胃

1.66.9 The Kidney 腎

1.66.10 The Bladder 膀胱

1.66.11 The Triple Burner 三焦

1.66.12 The Yin-Yang Pairing of the Five Transport Points 五腧隂陽配合

1.66.13 The Diseases Governed by the Five Transport Points 五腧主病

1.66.14 Needling the Five Transport Points According to the Four Seasons 五腧鍼隨四時

1.66.15 There Is a Meaning in the Well and Uniting Points 井合有義

1.67 When the Viscera and Bowels Are Diseased, Take the Twelve Source Points 五臓六腑有疾當取十二原

1.68 The Essential Points of the Viscera and Bowels 臓腑要穴

1.69 Where the Six Unions Issue and Enter 六合所出所入

1.70 The Separate Vessel of the Foot Triple Burner 足三焦別脉

1.71 The Eight Meeting Points 八會穴

1.72 Branch and Root of the Six Channels 六經標本

1.73 The Points of the Four Seas of the Human Body 人身四海腧穴

1.74 The Great Joining of the Channels 大接經

1.75 The Essential Points That Govern Disease 主病要穴

1.76 Prohibitions in Needling and Moxibustion 禁鍼灸

1.76.1 Signs of Death from Piercing the Five Viscera 刺中五臓死候

1.76.2 Injury Caused by a Mistaken Needle 失鍼致傷

1.76.3 Points Where Needling Is Forbidden 禁鍼穴

1.76.4 Points Where Moxibustion Is Forbidden 禁灸穴

1.77 The Extraordinary Points 奇穴

1.77.1 Locating Gohwangsu (BL-43) 取膏肓腧穴法

1.77.2 Locating the Hwanmun Points 取患門穴法

1.77.3 Locating the Four Flowers Points 取四花穴法

1.77.4 Moxibustion Riding the Bamboo Horse 騎竹馬灸法

1.78 The Separate Points 別穴

1.79 Moxibustion with Various Medicinals 諸藥灸法

1.79.1 Moxibustion with a Fermented Soybean Cake 豉餠灸法

1.79.2 Moxibustion with Sulphur 硫黃灸法

1.79.3 Moxibustion Through Garlic 隔蒜灸法

1.79.4 Moxibustion with a Mulberry Twig 桑枝灸法

1.79.5 Moxibustion with Aconite 附子灸法

1.79.6 Moxibustion with Yellow Earth 黃土灸法

1.80 The Chicken-Foot Needling Method 雞足鍼法

1.81 Choosing Auspicious Days for Needling and Moxibustion 擇鍼灸吉日法

1.82 Taeeul Shifts to the Central Palace and Faces the Eight Winds to Divine Fortune and Misfortune 太乙徙立於中宮朝八風占吉凶

1.82.1 Wind Coming from the South 風從南方来

1.82.2 Wind Coming from the Southwest 風從西南来

1.82.3 Wind Coming from the West 風從西方来

1.82.4 Wind Coming from the Northwest 風從西北来

1.82.5 Wind Coming from the North 風從北方来

1.82.6 Wind Coming from the Northeast 風從東北来

1.82.7 Wind Coming from the East 風從東方来

1.82.8 Wind Coming from the Southeast 風從東南来

1.83 The Chart of the Nine Palaces 九宮圖

1.84 The Body Corresponds to the Nine Fields 身形應九野

1.85 The Day-Counts of Taeeul's Progress Through the Eight Terms 太乙遊八節日數

1.85.1 The Term of the Beginning of Spring 立春節

1.85.2 The Term of the Spring Equinox 春分節

1.85.3 The Term of the Beginning of Autumn 立秋節

1.85.4 The Term of the Autumn Equinox 秋分節

1.85.5 The Term of the Beginning of Winter 立冬節

1.85.6 The Term of the Winter Solstice 冬至節

1.86 The Chart of the Nine Palaces and the Sacrum Spirit 九宮尻神圖

1.86.1 Prohibitions of the Nine Palaces and the Sacrum Spirit 九宮尻神禁忌

1.87 Where the Person-Spirit Resides Day by Day 逐日人神所在

1.88 The Cross-Reference Chart of the Monthly Spirits on Duty and the Days to Avoid 每月諸神直日避忌傍通圖

1.89 Auspicious Days for Needling and Moxibustion 鍼灸吉日

1.90 Days to Avoid for Needling and Moxibustion 鍼灸忌日

1.91 Seating and Orientation 坐向法

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Acupuncture and Moxibustion. The witness followed here (Kyujanggak 447) lacks pages 66a–67b, which carry the last four sections of the chapter and of the book; those sections are listed in their place and marked as absent rather than supplied from elsewhere. The Chinese text is collated against the transcription and original character forms (脉, 隂, 腧) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Point names carry their WHO standard codes where the book's point can be identified with one. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.