Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

The Anterior Yin

Jeoneum

한글 전음 · Pinyin Qian Yin

The ancestral sinew — seven mountings and four bulgings, why the liver and not the kidney owns them, and a long apparatus for pain that will not wait

前陰

The anterior yin belongs to the ancestral sinew, where the spleen and stomach channels meet, and the chapter's first move is to take it away from the kidney. Dangye says it outright: mounting is governed by the liver channel and has nothing whatever to do with the kidney channel. The Gukbang's familiar names — small-intestine qi, bladder qi, kidney qi — are allowed as surface descriptions and then set aside, because the liver vessel is what rings the genitals, and the testicle, for all that it is called the outer kidney, cannot draw up or let down except by the liver's sinew. On cause the chapter splits from the Suwen as well. The Neijing had made mounting cold, and the whole first apparatus of warming formulas follows from that; but Dangye looked at men who tread ice and wade water all their lives without it and concluded the disease begins as damp-heat constrained in the channel, with cold only binding it later — which is why gardenia sits beside aconite in the formula that robs the pain, and why the general treatments are damp-draining rather than warming. Between those two readings lie seven named mountings, four bulgings, the wooden kidney, the running piglet, impotence, cold genitals, the scrotum that will not dry, and at the end a short section on what the same disorders are called in a woman. The pharmacy is the chapter's weakness and its interest: blister beetle and croton fried with toosendan fruit and then picked back out, aconite boiled soft in black soybean, red lead smeared on a palm, a carp stuffed with sulphur and burnt. None of that can be made now. What survives is the diagnosis — pain with a fixed place is a formed accumulation, pain that wanders is qi — and the two closing rules: cut the appetites, and do not supplement a mounting before you have cleared it.

4.1 The Anterior Yin Belongs to the Ancestral Sinew 前陰屬宗筋

4.1.1

Source원문

內經曰, 前陰者宗筋之所聚, 太陰陽明之所合也. 註曰, 宗筋挾臍下, 合於陰器. 太陰脾脉ㆍ陽明胃脉皆輔近宗筋, 故云合也.

Translation영역

The Neijing says: the anterior yin is where the ancestral sinew gathers, and where the greater yin and the yang brightness join. The commentary says: the ancestral sinew rings the region below the navel and joins at the genitals; the greater yin spleen vessel and the yang brightness stomach vessel both run close beside the ancestral sinew, and that is why they are said to join.

Naegyeong 內經

4.1.2

Source원문

宗筋謂陰毛中橫骨上下之竪筋也. 《內經》

Translation영역

The ancestral sinew means the upright sinew above and below the pubic bone, in the pubic hair.

Clinical note임상 주석

Two definitions, and the second is anatomical: the ancestral sinew is a named structure at the pubis, not a figure of speech. Everything the chapter says afterwards about the liver governing the genitals runs through it, because the liver governs the sinews.

Naegyeong 內經

4.2 The Disorders of the Anterior Yin 前陰諸疾

4.2.1

Source원문

前陰諸疾, 皆由足厥陰與督脉. 經曰, 足厥陰之脉入毛中, 過陰器, 抵小腹, 是肝脉所過也. 又曰, 督脉者起於小腹以下骨中央, 女子入繫挺孔, 循陰器; 男子循莖下至簒, 與女子等, 是督脉所過也.

Translation영역

The disorders of the anterior yin all come of the foot reverting yin and the governing vessel. The classic says: the foot reverting yin vessel enters the pubic hair, passes the genitals and reaches the lower abdomen — this is where the liver vessel passes. It also says: the governing vessel arises at the middle of the bone below the lower abdomen; in a woman it enters and binds the urethral orifice and follows the genitals, and in a man it follows the stalk down to the perineum, the same as in a woman — this is where the governing vessel passes.

Naegyeong 內經

4.2.2

Source원문

足厥陰之脉病, 爲丈夫㿉疝ㆍ狐疝, 婦人小腹腫. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

When the foot reverting yin vessel is diseased, it becomes bulging mounting and fox mounting in a man, and swelling of the lower abdomen in a woman.

Yeongchu 靈樞

4.2.3

Source원문

督脉起於下極之兪, 幷於脊裏, 上至風府. 任脉起於中極之下, 以上毛際, 循腹裏至咽喉. 任脉爲病, 男子內結七疝, 女子帶下瘕聚. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

The governing vessel arises at the point of the lowest extremity, runs together within the spine, and ascends to Pungbu. The conception vessel arises below Jungguk, ascends to the pubic hairline, and follows the inside of the abdomen to the throat. When the conception vessel is diseased, in a man it knots inwardly into the seven mountings and in a woman into vaginal discharge with conglomerations gathered.

Yeongchu 靈樞

4.2.4

Source원문

陰腫ㆍ陰痿ㆍ陰痒ㆍ陰挺ㆍ陰縮ㆍ木腎ㆍ陰蝕瘡ㆍ腎藏風, 皆前陰之疾也.

Translation영역

Swollen genitals, wilting genitals, itching genitals, protruding yin, retracted genitals, wooden kidney, eroding sores of the genitals and kidney-visceral wind are all disorders of the anterior yin.

Clinical note임상 주석

The chapter's table of contents, and it is worth reading as one: three of the eight are named for what the part does (wilts, protrudes, retracts), three for what grows on it, and one — wooden kidney — for what it feels like. Only the governing and conception vessels are added to the liver here; the kidney does not appear.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.3 The Causes of Mounting Disease 疝病之因

4.3.1

Source원문

內經曰, 病在小腹, 腹痛不得大小便, 病名曰疝, 得之寒. ○疝者, 寒氣結聚之所爲也. 《內經》

Translation영역

The Neijing says: when the disease is in the lower abdomen, with abdominal pain and neither stool nor urine passing, the disease is called mounting, and it is got from cold. Mounting is what cold qi knotting and gathering brings about.

Naegyeong 內經

4.3.2

Source원문

疝者, 睾丸連小腹急痛也睾, 陰丸也. 有痛在睾丸者, 有在五樞穴邊者, 皆足厥陰之經也. 或有形, 或無形, 或有聲如蛙, 有形如瓜. 自素問以下, 皆以爲寒, 理固然也. 予思之, 此病始於濕熱在經, 鬱而至久, 又感寒氣外束, 所以作痛. 若只作寒論, 恐爲未備. 人有踼氷涉水終身不病此者, 無熱故也. 盖大怒則火起於肝, 醉飽則火起于胃, 房勞則火起于腎, 火積之久, 母能令子虛, 濕氣便盛. 厥陰屬木, 係於肝, 爲將軍之官, 其性急速, 火性又暴, 爲寒所束, 宜其痛之太暴也. 有以烏頭ㆍ梔子作湯服之, 其效亦敏. 然濕熱又須分多少而治, 濕者腫多, 㿉病是也. 《丹心》

Translation영역

Mounting is a sudden pain running from the testicle into the lower abdomen (gao means the yin ball). Some have the pain in the testicle and some beside the Ochu point, and both belong to the foot reverting yin channel. It may have form or no form; it may make a sound like a frog, or have a form like a melon. From the Suwen down, all have held it to be cold, and the reasoning is sound enough. But I have thought about it, and this disease begins with damp-heat in the channel, constrained there a long while, and then meets cold qi binding from outside — and that is why it hurts. To argue it as cold alone seems to me incomplete. There are men who tread on ice and wade through water their whole lives and never have it, and that is because they have no heat. Great anger raises fire from the liver, drunken fullness raises fire from the stomach, and sexual taxation raises fire from the kidney; and when fire has accumulated a long while, the mother can make the child vacuous, so damp qi at once flourishes. The reverting yin belongs to wood and is tied to the liver, the office of the general; its nature is swift, and fire's nature is violent too, so when it is bound by cold the pain is naturally extreme. Some make a decoction of aconite and gardenia and take it, and the effect is quick. Still one must distinguish how much damp there is and how much heat, and treat accordingly: where damp predominates there is much swelling, and that is bulging disease.

Clinical note임상 주석

The argument the rest of the chapter answers to. Dangye accepts the Neijing's cold as a trigger and refuses it as a cause, and his evidence is epidemiological in form — men who live in ice and water and never get it. What he puts in cold's place is damp-heat long constrained, with anger, drink and sex each named as a fire. The aconite-and-gardenia decoction mentioned in passing is 4.26's Chibu-tang, and it is the formula that makes this reading visible.

Dansim 丹心

4.4 The Pulse 脉法

4.4.1

Source원문

內經皆以滑脉爲疝. 《入門》

Translation영역

The Neijing everywhere takes a slippery pulse for mounting.

Immun 入門

4.4.2

Source원문

心脉搏滑急爲心疝, 肺脉沈搏爲肺疝, 腎脉ㆍ肝脉大急沈, 皆爲疝. 《內經》

Translation영역

A heart pulse beating slippery and urgent is heart mounting; a lung pulse sunken and beating is lung mounting; a kidney or liver pulse large, urgent and sunken is in every case mounting.

Naegyeong 內經

4.4.3

Source원문

肝脉滑甚爲㿉疝, 心脉微滑爲心疝, 腎肝滑甚爲癃㿉. 《內經》

Translation영역

A liver pulse very slippery is bulging mounting; a heart pulse faintly slippery is heart mounting; kidney and liver both very slippery is dribbling with bulging.

Naegyeong 內經

4.4.4

Source원문

腎脉大甚爲陰痿. 《綱目》

Translation영역

A kidney pulse very large is wilting of the genitals.

Gangmok 綱目

4.4.5

Source원문

脉急者曰疝瘕, 小腹痛. 《內經》

Translation영역

An urgent pulse is called mounting conglomeration, with pain in the lower abdomen.

Naegyeong 內經

4.4.6

Source원문

三陽急爲瘕, 三陰急爲疝. 註曰, 太陽受寒, 血聚爲瘕; 太陰受寒, 氣聚爲疝. 《內經》

Translation영역

The three yang urgent makes conglomeration, and the three yin urgent makes mounting. The commentary says: when the greater yang receives cold the blood gathers into a conglomeration; when the greater yin receives cold the qi gathers into a mounting.

Naegyeong 內經

4.4.7

Source원문

腎脉小急ㆍ肝脉小急ㆍ心脉小急不鼓, 皆爲瘕. 註曰, 小急爲寒甚, 不鼓則血不流, 故血內凝而爲瘕. 《內經》

Translation영역

A kidney, liver or heart pulse small and urgent and not drumming makes conglomeration in every case. The commentary says: small and urgent means severe cold, and not drumming means the blood does not flow, so the blood congeals within and becomes a conglomeration.

Naegyeong 內經

4.4.8

Source원문

疝脉弦急, 積聚在裏, 牢急者生, 弱急者死. 沈遲浮澁, 疝瘕寒痛, 痛甚則伏, 或細或動. 《脉訣》

Translation영역

The mounting pulse is stringlike and urgent, with accumulation and gathering within; firm and urgent, the patient lives, weak and urgent he dies. Sunken and slow, floating and rough, there is mounting conglomeration with cold pain; and when the pain is severe the pulse hides, or turns fine, or stirs.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

4.4.9

Source원문

寸口脉弦而緊, 弦緊相搏, 則爲寒疝. 《正傳》

Translation영역

When the inch-opening pulse is stringlike and tight, and the stringlike and the tight beat against each other, it is cold mounting.

Jeongjeon 正傳

4.4.10

Source원문

婦人少陰脉滑而數者, 陰中生瘡; 少陰脉浮而動, 浮則爲虛, 動則爲痛, 婦人則陰脫下. 《脉經》

Translation영역

When a woman's lesser yin pulse is slippery and rapid, sores are breeding within the genitals; when the lesser yin pulse is floating and stirring, the floating is vacuity and the stirring is pain, and in a woman the yin falls and comes down.

Maekgyeong 脉經

4.4.11

Source원문

疝瘕積聚, 脉弦急者生, 虛弱小者死. 《脉經》

Translation영역

In mounting conglomeration with accumulation and gathering, a stringlike and urgent pulse means the patient lives; vacuous, weak and small means he dies.

Clinical note임상 주석

The prognostic rule is the same in both Maekgyeong entries and worth holding: in a disease of knotted cold and constrained damp a pulse with force is what carries the patient through, and a pulse that has gone soft under so much accumulation is the bad sign. The second entry's reading of the woman's pulse is the chapter's first indication that it will treat her disorders as the same disease.

Maekgyeong 脉經

4.5 Mounting Is Governed by the Liver Alone 疝專主肝

4.5.1

Source원문

疝專主肝經, 與腎經絶不相干. 《丹心》

Translation영역

Mounting is governed by the liver channel alone, and has nothing whatever to do with the kidney channel.

Dansim 丹心

4.5.2

Source원문

疝痛屬足厥陰肝經也, 小腹亦肝經也, 故疝痛與小腹痛同一治法. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Mounting pain belongs to the foot reverting yin liver channel, and the lower abdomen is the liver channel too; so mounting pain and lower abdominal pain have one and the same method of treatment.

Gangmok 綱目

4.5.3

Source원문

局方多以爲小腸氣ㆍ膀胱氣ㆍ腎氣者, 亦自其標本而言, 其實主於肝也. 盖肝脉環陰器而上入小腸, 又肝腎皆屬於下, 與衝ㆍ任ㆍ督脉相附. 腎與膀胱爲藏府, 其氣相通, 運爲外腎, 系於睾丸, 此三經相連相會. 然肝主筋, 睾丸雖名外腎, 非厥陰環而引之, 則與玉莖無由伸縮. 在女子則爲簒戶陰門也. 靈樞云, 邪在小腸, 連睾系, 屬於腎, 貫肝絡肺心系; 氣盛厥逆, 上衝腸胃, 熏肝, 散於肓, 結於臍. 惟取厥陰以下之, 亦以厥陰爲主也. 《入門》

Translation영역

The Gukbang mostly calls these small-intestine qi, bladder qi or kidney qi, which is also to speak of them by branch and root; in truth they are governed by the liver. The liver vessel rings the genitals and ascends into the small intestine; and liver and kidney both belong below, lying alongside the thoroughfare, conception and governing vessels. Kidney and bladder are viscus and bowel to each other, their qi communicates, and what they move becomes the outer kidney, tied to the testicle — so these three channels are linked and meet. But the liver governs the sinews, and the testicle, though it is called the outer kidney, could not extend and retract together with the jade stalk if the reverting yin did not ring it and draw it. In a woman the same place is the perineal door (that is, the vaginal opening). The Lingshu says: when evil is in the small intestine it links the testicular cord, belongs to the kidney, threads the liver and nets the lung and heart cord; when the qi is excessive it reverts and counterflows, surges up into the intestines and stomach, fumigates the liver, scatters in the membranes and knots at the navel. One treats it only by taking the reverting yin to bring it down, which again makes the reverting yin the governing channel.

Clinical note임상 주석

The chapter's central claim, argued rather than asserted. The Immun grants everything the kidney theory wants — the channels do link, the outer kidney is tied to the kidney — and then turns on the one functional point: the testicle moves, and what moves a sinew is the liver. The sentence giving the woman's equivalent is dropped in almost as an aside, and is the reason 4.26 can treat her disorders here at all.

Immun 入門

4.6 Mounting Disease Has Seven Kinds 疝病有七

4.6.1

Source원문

疝名雖七, 寒疝卽疝之總名也; 水疝卽㿉疝之屬; 氣疝卽狐疝之屬; 血疝卽癰癤之屬; 惟筋疝罕見之, 盖下疳瘡之屬也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

The names of mounting are seven, but cold mounting is the general name for mounting itself; water mounting belongs with bulging mounting, qi mounting with fox mounting, and blood mounting with abscesses and boils. Only sinew mounting is rarely seen, and it belongs with the lower gan sore.

Gangmok 綱目

4.6.2

Source원문

七疝者, 寒疝ㆍ水疝ㆍ筋疝ㆍ血疝ㆍ氣疝ㆍ狐疝ㆍ㿉疝是也. 《子和》

Translation영역

The seven mountings are cold mounting, water mounting, sinew mounting, blood mounting, qi mounting, fox mounting and bulging mounting.

Jahwa 子和

4.6.3

Source원문

曰疝, 曰奔豚, 曰小腸氣, 曰膀胱氣, 通謂之腎氣. 《直指》

Translation영역

Mounting, running piglet, small-intestine qi and bladder qi are all together called kidney qi.

Jikji 直指

4.6.4

Source원문

㿉有四種, 曰腸㿉, 曰卵㿉, 曰氣㿉, 曰水㿉. 《千金》

Translation영역

Bulging has four kinds: intestinal bulging, testicular bulging, qi bulging and water bulging.

Cheongeum 千金

4.6.5

Source원문

㿉疝之中, 有木腎者, 有偏墜者. 《入門》

Translation영역

Within bulging mounting there are cases of wooden kidney and cases of one-sided descent.

Immun 入門

4.6.6

Source원문

陰㿉屬肝, 系宗筋, 胃陽明養之. 世多不識, 謂之外腎, 非也. 《三因》

Translation영역

Bulging of the genitals belongs to the liver and is tied to the ancestral sinew, which the yang brightness stomach nourishes. Most people do not know this and call it the outer kidney, which is wrong.

Samin 三因

4.6.7

Source원문

又有七疝, 一曰厥疝, 二曰癥疝, 三曰寒疝, 四曰氣疝, 五曰盤疝, 六曰附疝, 七曰狼疝. 《聖惠方》無證.

Translation영역

There is also another set of seven mountings: reverting mounting, coiling mounting, cold mounting, qi mounting, worm mounting, attached mounting and wolf mounting. The Seonghyebang gives no symptoms for them.

Seonghyebang 聖惠方

4.6.8

Source원문

戴氏曰, 疝本屬厥陰一經, 俗說小腸ㆍ膀胱ㆍ腎氣者, 皆妄言也. 《丹心》

Translation영역

Master Dae says: mounting belongs fundamentally to the one reverting yin channel, and the common talk of small-intestine, bladder and kidney qi is all idle words.

Clinical note임상 주석

Three competing lists and a dismissal. The Gangmok's collapse of the seven into essentially three — cold as the general name, water with bulging, qi with fox — is the one a clinician can use, and the seven drug sections that follow are arranged on the other reading, giving each name its own formulas. The Seonghyebang's second set is recorded and left unexplained, which is itself the Bogam's judgement of it.

Dansim 丹心

4.6.1 Cold Mounting 寒疝

4.6.1.1

Source원문

寒疝者, 囊冷結硬如石, 陰莖不擧, 或控睾丸而痛. 得之坐臥濕地, 或寒月涉水, 或値雨雪, 或坐臥風冷, 使內過房. 宜以溫劑下之. 久而無子. 《子和》

Translation영역

In cold mounting the scrotum is cold and bound hard as stone, the penis does not rise, and sometimes there is a dragging pain at the testis. It is got from sitting or lying on damp ground, or wading water in the cold months, or being caught in rain or snow, or sitting and lying in wind and cold and then going to excess in the bedchamber. It should be brought down with a warming agent. Long continued, it leaves a man childless.

Clinical note임상 주석

The seven kinds of mounting disease are Zihe's, and the Bogam gives each one a section of its own: the sign, the cause, and the class of medicine to use. 控睾丸而痛, a dragging pain at the testis, with a hard cold scrotum, reads as a chronic epididymitis or a long-standing hydrocele with thickening. The last clause is the honest one — a condition of this kind, left for years, does end in infertility.

Jahwa 子和

4.6.2 Water Mounting 水疝

4.6.2.1

Source원문

水疝者, 腎囊腫痛, 陰汗出, 或囊腫狀如水晶, 或瘙痒出黃水, 或小腹按之作水聲. 得之於飮水醉酒使內也. 勞汗出而遇風寒濕之氣聚於囊中, 故如氷冷, 令人爲卒疝. 宜以逐水之劑下之. 《子和》

Translation영역

In water mounting the scrotum is swollen and painful and sweats, or the swelling is like rock crystal, or it itches and a yellow fluid comes out, or pressing the lower abdomen makes a sound of water. It is got from drinking water or getting drunk and then going to the bedchamber. Sweat comes out with exertion and meets wind, cold and damp qi, which gathers in the scrotum, and so it is cold as ice and makes a man suffer a sudden mounting. It should be brought down with a water-expelling agent.

Clinical note임상 주석

囊腫狀如水晶 — a scrotal swelling like rock crystal — is a hydrocele described by its one diagnostic feature, that it transilluminates. Hold a light behind it and the fluid glows; a solid mass does not. The chapter had no torch, but it had the observation, and it is the same sign used at the bedside today.

Jahwa 子和

4.6.3 Sinew Mounting 筋疝

4.6.3.1

Source원문

筋疝者, 陰莖腫脹, 或潰而爲膿, 裏急筋縮, 或莖中作痛, 痛極則痒, 或挺縱不收, 或出白物如精, 隨溲而下. 得之於房室勞傷及邪術所使. 宜以降心火之劑下之. 《子和》

Translation영역

In sinew mounting the penis is swollen and distended, or it ulcerates and suppurates; there is urgency within with the sinews drawn up, or pain within the stalk, and when the pain is at its worst it itches; or it stands out slack and will not retract; or a white matter like semen comes out, passing with the urine. It is got from taxation and injury in the bedchamber, and from being worked upon by sorcery. It should be brought down with an agent that brings down heart fire.

Clinical note임상 주석

出白物如精, 隨溲而下 — a white matter like semen passing with the urine — is a urethral discharge, and with a penile ulcer and pain on passing water the picture is a sexually transmitted infection. The cause named is correct as far as it goes, and the prescribed class of medicine, one that brings heart fire down, reflects the tradition's reading of the complaint as desire turned inflammatory. Urethral discharge with ulceration needs testing and antibiotics.

Jahwa 子和

4.6.4 Blood Mounting 血疝

4.6.4.1

Source원문

血疝者, 狀如黃瓜, 在小腹兩傍橫骨兩端約紋中, 俗名便癰. 得之於重感春夏大燠, 勞於使內, 氣血流溢, 滲入脬囊, 留而不去, 結成癰腫, 膿小血多. 或値情慾當泄不泄, 亦成此疾. 宜以和血之劑下之. 《子和》

Translation영역

In blood mounting the shape is like a cucumber, lying on either side of the lower abdomen at the two ends of the pubic bone within the crease. The common name is the groin abscess. It is got from being overcome by the great heat of spring and summer and labouring in the bedchamber, so that the qi and blood overflow and seep into the bladder and scrotum, and lodging there and not departing they bind into an abscess swelling, with little pus and much blood. Or where desire has arisen and what should be discharged is not discharged, this disease also forms. It should be brought down with a blood-harmonizing agent.

Clinical note임상 주석

便癰, the groin abscess, is a suppurating inguinal lymph node — the bubo — and the location is given with anatomical precision: either side of the lower abdomen at the ends of the pubic bone, in the inguinal crease. A bubo in this position is the second stage of lymphogranuloma venereum or of chancroid, and it was also how plague presented. The description 膿小血多, little pus and much blood, stands in the base text; 少 would be the expected graph and the sense is the same.

Jahwa 子和

4.6.5 Qi Mounting 氣疝

4.6.5.1

Source원문

氣疝者, 其狀上連腎兪, 下及陰囊. 多得於號哭忿怒, 氣鬱而脹, 號哭怒罷卽氣散者是也. 有一治法, 以鍼出氣而愈, 然鍼有得失, 宜以散氣之劑下之. 或小兒亦有此疾, 俗名偏墜, 得之於父已年老, 或年少多病, 陰痿精怯, 强力入房, 因而有子, 禀胎病也. 此證難治, 惟築賓一穴灸之而愈者. 《子和》

Translation영역

In qi mounting the form of it runs up to the kidney transport point above and down to the scrotum below. It is mostly got from wailing and rage: the qi is depressed and distends, and when the wailing and the anger are over the qi disperses — that is this. There is one method of treatment, letting the qi out with a needle, which cures it; but the needle has its hits and misses, and it should rather be brought down with a qi-dispersing agent. Children too sometimes have this disease, and its common name is the lopsided descent. It is got where the father was already old, or young but much ill, with a wilted member and timid essence, and forced himself into the bedchamber and thereby got a child — it is a disease received in the womb. This pattern is hard to treat; only moxa at the single point Chukbin (築賓, KI9) has cured it.

Clinical note임상 주석

Two conditions under one heading. The adult picture — a swelling that comes with wailing or rage and goes when the emotion passes — is a hernia made apparent by raised abdominal pressure. The child's is a congenital inguinal hernia, correctly identified as present from birth, and 偏墜 is still the vernacular Korean term. The aetiology attached to it is not a mechanism but a judgment on the father, and nothing about a congenital hernia depends on the circumstances of conception. 以鍼出氣, letting the qi out with a needle, is what it sounds like; needling a hernia is dangerous and is not to be done.

Jahwa 子和

4.6.6 Fox Mounting 狐疝

4.6.6.1

Source원문

狐疝者, 其狀如仰瓦, 臥則入小腹, 行立則出小腹入囊中. 如狐晝出穴而尿, 夜入穴而不尿. 此疝出入往來上下, 正與狐同類也. 與氣疝大同小異, 宜以逐氣流經之劑下之. 《子和》 ○狐疝, 臥則入腹, 立則出腹偏入囊中者是也. 狐夜伏而晝見, 以見疝處厥陰之分, 卽人之陰簒隱奧之所, 晝下而夜上, 故以狐名焉. 《綱目》

Translation영역

In fox mounting the shape is like an upturned roof tile: lying down it goes into the lower abdomen, and walking or standing it comes out of the lower abdomen and into the scrotum. It is like the fox, which by day comes out of its hole to make water and by night goes into its hole and does not. This mounting goes in and out, comes and goes, up and down, exactly as the fox does. It is much the same as qi mounting with little difference, and should be brought down with an agent that expels qi and frees the channels. ○ Fox mounting is the one that goes into the abdomen on lying down and comes out of the abdomen and into the scrotum on standing. The fox lies hidden by night and is seen by day, and since the site of this mounting is the division of the reverting yin — that is, the hidden and secret place of a person's genitals — and it goes down by day and up by night, it is named for the fox.

Clinical note임상 주석

The clearest piece of clinical description in the chapter. A swelling that disappears when the patient lies down and reappears on standing is a reducible inguinal hernia, and reducibility is the single most important thing to establish about any groin swelling, because an irreducible one may be strangulating. The two passages differ on the fox's habits and agree on the patient's, which tells you which half was observed.

Jahwa 子和 · Gangmok 綱目

4.6.7 Bulge Mounting 㿉疝

4.6.7.1

Source원문

㿉疝者, 其狀陰囊大如升斗, 不痒不痛者是也. 得之於地氣卑濕, 故江淮之間多有之. 宜以去濕之劑下之. 女子陰戶凸出亦是此類, 不可溫之補之, 宜以苦藥下之, 以苦堅之. 《綱目》 ○㿉疝者, 睾囊腫大如升如斗者是也. 《綱目》 ○㿉疝腫痛硬如石, 婦人陰門挺出亦稱㿉病. 小兒生來有此者, 乃胎中宿疾也. 《三因》

Translation영역

In bulge mounting the scrotum is as large as a seung or a mal measure, and it neither itches nor pains — that is this. It is got from the low dampness of the ground's qi, and so it is common in the region between the Yangtze and the Huai. It should be brought down with a damp-removing agent. A woman's genital opening protruding is also of this kind; it must not be warmed or supplemented, but brought down with bitter medicines, and firmed with bitterness. ○ Bulge mounting is when the scrotum swells as large as a seung or a mal. ○ Bulge mounting swells and pains and is hard as stone; a woman's genital opening protruding is also called a bulge disease. Where a child has it from birth, it is a disease carried over from the womb.

Clinical note임상 주석

不痒不痛, neither itching nor painful, is the defining qualifier and it is the reason this category matters: a large painless scrotal swelling is a hydrocele, an inguinoscrotal hernia, or a tumour, and only examination distinguishes them. The geography is worth noting — common between the Yangtze and the Huai — because that is endemic filariasis country, and lymphatic filariasis produces exactly the gross painless scrotal enlargement described. The woman's protruding genitals brought under the same heading is uterine prolapse.

Gangmok 綱目 · Samin 三因

4.6.7.2

Source원문

㿉有四種: 腸㿉ㆍ卵㿉難治, 氣㿉ㆍ水㿉鍼灸易治. 《千金》 ○腸㿉, 卽小腸氣也, 吊外腎, 偏墜腫痒. ○卵㿉, 玉莖腫硬, 引臍絞痛, 甚則陰縮肢冷, 囊上生瘡, 二證出水不止者死. ○氣㿉, 素有濕熱, 因怒激火, 昏眩手搐, 面黑, 睾丸能左右相過. ○水㿉, 外腎腫大如升如斗, 不痛不痒, 俗呼膀胱氣也. 《入門》 ○臍下㽲痛連腰脊, 控睾丸而痛者, 謂之小腸氣. ○小腹牽囊莖痛者, 名曰㿉. 《入門》

Translation영역

There are four kinds of bulge: the intestinal bulge and the testicular bulge are hard to treat; the qi bulge and the water bulge are easy to treat by needling and moxa. ○ The intestinal bulge is the small intestine qi: it drags on the outer kidney, with a lopsided descent, swelling and itching. ○ In the testicular bulge the penis swells and hardens, with a wringing pain drawing at the navel; in severe cases the genitals retract and the limbs go cold and sores break out on the scrotum, and in either pattern, if fluid runs without stopping, the patient dies. ○ In the qi bulge there is damp heat of long standing, and anger rouses the fire: there is clouding and dizziness, twitching of the hands, a blackened face, and the testes can pass from one side to the other. ○ In the water bulge the outer kidney swells as large as a seung or a mal, without pain or itching; the common name is bladder qi. ○ A griping pain below the navel running back to the lumbar spine, with a dragging pain at the testis, is called the small intestine qi. ○ A pain pulling from the lower abdomen to the scrotum and stalk is called a bulge.

Clinical note임상 주석

二證出水不止者死 — in either pattern, if fluid runs without stopping, the patient dies — is the chapter's prognostic line and it is not an exaggeration. A scrotum that has ulcerated and is discharging continuously, in a patient whose limbs are going cold, is Fournier's gangrene or an advanced necrotizing infection, and it remains a surgical emergency with a high mortality. 睾丸能左右相過, the testes able to pass from one side to the other, describes a retractile or ectopic testis moving across the midline through a patent canal.

Cheongeum 千金 · Immun 入門

4.7 The Signs of Mounting Disease 疝病證候

4.7.1

Source원문

內經曰, 小腹控睾, 引腰脊, 上衝心, 唾出淸水, 及爲噦噫, 邪在小腸也.

Translation영역

The Neijing says: the lower abdomen drags at the testicle and pulls at the lumbar spine, surging upward to the heart, with clear water spat up and belching — the evil is in the small intestine.

Naegyeong 內經

4.7.2

Source원문

靈樞曰, 腎脉生病, 從小腹上衝心而痛, 不得前後, 爲衝疝.

Translation영역

The Lingshu says: when the kidney vessel falls ill, there is pain surging from the lower abdomen up to the heart, with neither urine nor stool passing, and this is surging mounting.

Yeongchu 靈樞

4.7.3

Source원문

小腹痛有三. 肝病小腹引脇痛; 小腸病小腹引睾丸ㆍ腰脊痛; 膀胱病小腹痛腫, 不得小便. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Lower abdominal pain has three forms. In liver disease the lower abdomen pulls at the flanks and hurts; in small intestine disease it pulls at the testicle and the lumbar spine and hurts; in bladder disease the lower abdomen is painful and swollen and the urine will not pass.

Gangmok 綱目

4.7.4

Source원문

疝之爲病, 外腎ㆍ小腹作痛, 或攻刺腰脇, 或遊走背膂, 或冷氣攻心, 或手足厥冷. 有壯熱惡寒者, 有洒淅寒熱者, 有不得大小便者, 有下泄者, 有自汗者, 有積聚如盃ㆍ如臂ㆍ如桃李ㆍ如蟲大者. 其於陰間則卵有大小而上下不常, 囊有腫脹, 痛歇無定; 挾冷觸怒則塊物上衝心胸, 心平氣和則塊物歸入囊中. 《直指》

Translation영역

In mounting disease the outer kidney and lower abdomen hurt; sometimes it strikes and stabs the lumbus and flanks, sometimes it wanders in the muscles of the back, sometimes cold qi strikes the heart, sometimes the hands and feet are cold in reversal. Some have high fever with aversion to cold, some have a chill and fever each morning, some cannot pass stool or urine, some have diarrhoea, some sweat spontaneously, and some have an accumulation like a cup, like an arm, like a peach or plum, or as big as a worm. At the genitals the testicles differ in size and are now up and now down, the scrotum is swollen and distended, and the pain comes and goes without rule; meeting cold or touched by anger, the lump surges up into the heart and chest, and when the heart is settled and the qi harmonious the lump goes back into the scrotum.

Clinical note임상 주석

The best clinical description in the chapter, and the detail that makes it is the lump that rises on anger and goes back down when the heart settles. That is a reducible inguinal hernia observed accurately, together with the autonomic storm around it — cold limbs, sweating, vomiting of clear fluid — which is why the Jikji's list runs from the scrotum all the way to the chest.

Jikji 直指

4.8 The Treatment of the Mountings 諸疝治法

4.8.1

Source원문

疝痛屬濕熱痰積流下作病, 因寒鬱而發也. 《丹心》

Translation영역

Mounting pain belongs to damp-heat with phlegm accumulation flowing downward and making the disease, and it breaks out because cold has constrained it.

Dansim 丹心

4.8.2

Source원문

疝痛之證, 古方用辛溫之劑以散之, 是治其標也. 丹溪以爲痰飮ㆍ食積ㆍ死血流注歸於厥陰肝經, 用辛平之藥以豁痰ㆍ消積ㆍ破血, 是治其本也. 夫疝痛有定處, 是有形之積也; 非痰飮與食積ㆍ死血相聚而何哉? 若是無形之氣作痛, 則走注滿腹而流散於遍身矣. 《方廣》

Translation영역

For mounting pain the old formulas use acrid warm medicines to disperse it, and that is treating the branch. Dangye held that phlegm-rheum, food accumulation and dead blood flow down and settle in the reverting yin liver channel, and used acrid level medicines to clear the phlegm, disperse the accumulation and break the blood, and that is treating the root. Mounting pain has a fixed place, so it is a formed accumulation; and what could it be but phlegm-rheum, food accumulation and dead blood gathered together? Were it formless qi making the pain, it would wander and fill the whole abdomen and scatter through the body.

Banggwang 方廣

4.8.3

Source원문

治法大要, 以流行疎利爲先. 母曰腎虛得病不敢疎泄. 盖腎爲邪氣所干, 若不逐去病根, 病何由愈? 倘或姑息補住, 使大小府秘而不通, 邪氣入腹衝心, 危殆必矣. 《直指》

Translation영역

The main rule in treatment is to put moving and freeing first. Do not say that the disease came of kidney vacuity and so one dare not drain. The kidney has been invaded by evil qi, and if the root of the disease is not driven out, by what means should it be cured? If one indulges the patient and supplements him so as to hold it in, so that stool and urine are blocked and will not pass, the evil qi will enter the abdomen and surge at the heart, and danger is certain.

Jikji 直指

4.8.4

Source원문

凡疝痛走注無形者, 屬氣也; 痛有常處而有形, 乃濕痰ㆍ食積ㆍ瘀血也. 《入門》

Translation영역

Whenever mounting pain wanders and has no form, it belongs to qi; when the pain has a constant place and has form, it is damp phlegm, food accumulation or static blood.

Immun 入門

4.8.5

Source원문

此疾雖因虛而得, 不可以虛驟補. 經云, 邪之所湊, 其氣必虛; 留而不去, 其病卽實. 故必先滌去所蓄之邪, 然後補之. 諸藥多借巴豆氣者, 盖爲此也. 《本事》

Translation영역

Although this disease is got through vacuity, one must not supplement hastily on account of the vacuity. The classic says: where evil collects, the qi is necessarily vacuous; and when it lodges and does not leave, the disease is then repletion. So one must first wash out the evil that has gathered, and supplement afterwards. That many of these medicines borrow the qi of croton is for this reason.

Bonsa 本事

4.8.6

Source원문

疝有挾虛而發者, 其脉不甚沈緊而豁大無力者是也. 其痛亦輕, 惟覺重墜牽引耳. 當以參ㆍ朮爲君, 疎導藥佐之. 疎導卽桃仁ㆍ山査ㆍ枳實ㆍ梔子ㆍ茱萸ㆍ川楝ㆍ玄胡索ㆍ丁香ㆍ木香之類是也. 《丹心》

Translation영역

There are mountings that break out with vacuity alongside, and the sign is a pulse not very sunken and tight but wide, large and without strength. The pain too is slight, and only a heavy dragging weight is felt. Here ginseng and atractylodes should be sovereign, with freeing and guiding medicines to assist — the freeing and guiding being peach kernel, hawthorn, bitter orange, gardenia, evodia, toosendan, corydalis, clove, saussurea and their like.

Dansim 丹心

4.8.7

Source원문

諸疝, 以手按之大痛者爲實, 不痛者爲虛. 《丹心》

Translation영역

In the mountings, pressing with the hand and finding great pain means repletion; pressing and finding no pain means vacuity.

Clinical note임상 주석

The section is an argument against the instinct to tonify, and it gives the one test that settles it: press. Pain on pressure is repletion to be cleared, no pain is vacuity to be supplemented — and even then the Dangye entry keeps the freeing medicines in, with ginseng and atractylodes merely put at the head of them. The Bonsa entry's remark about croton is the chapter explaining its own pharmacy.

Dansim 丹心

4.8.1 Medicines for Cold Mounting 寒疝藥

4.8.1.1

Source원문

宜禹功散方見下門ㆍ加味五苓散下靑木香元ㆍ蟠葱散ㆍ當歸四逆湯ㆍ羊肉湯ㆍ烏頭桂枝湯ㆍ三因葱白散ㆍ四神丸.

Translation영역

Use Ugong-san (its formula is in the Stool chapter), or Gamioryeong-san taken down with Cheongmokhyang-won, or Banchong-san, Dangguisayeok-tang, Yangyuk-tang, Odugyeji-tang, Samin-chongbaek-san or Sasin-hwan.

Clinical note임상 주석

Eight formulas for the kind the Gangmok called mounting's general name, and they run the whole range of what warming can mean: Ugong-san drains with morning-glory seed, the Oryeong-san pairing drains damp, and at the far end Yangyuk-tang is a mutton broth. The two aconite formulas, Odugyeji-tang and Sasin-hwan, are where the section's real force sits and where it cannot now be followed.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.2 Medicines for Water Mounting 水疝藥

4.8.2.1

Source원문

宜禹功散ㆍ三花神祐丸方幷見下門ㆍ腰子散ㆍ秘傳茱萸內消元. 外用牡礬丹擦之.

Translation영역

Use Ugong-san or Samhwasinu-hwan (both formulas are in the Stool chapter), or Yoja-san or Bijeonsuyunaeso-won. Externally, rub with Moban-dan.

Clinical note임상 주석

Water mounting is the scrotum filled with fluid, and the treatment is frankly cathartic — both of the first two formulas are purgatives borrowed from the Stool chapter. Moban-dan rubbed on is the only external in the group, and the pairing of a strong internal drainage with a local application is the pattern the chapter will keep to for anything swollen.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.3 Medicines for Sinew Mounting 筋疝藥

4.8.3.1

Source원문

宜瀉心湯方見五藏ㆍ加減柴苓湯ㆍ淸心蓮子飮方見消渴ㆍ龍膽瀉肝湯.

Translation영역

Use Sasim-tang (its formula is in the Five Viscera chapter), Gagamsiryeong-tang, Cheongsimyeonja-eum (its formula is in the Wasting Thirst chapter) or Yongdamsagan-tang.

Clinical note임상 주석

Every formula here clears heat, and two of the four clear it from the heart. Sinew mounting is the one the Gangmok grouped with the lower gan sore — a genital ulceration — and the treatment follows that reading rather than the mounting one.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.4 Medicines for Blood Mounting 血疝藥

4.8.4.1

Source원문

宜玉燭散方見胞門ㆍ桃仁承氣湯方見寒門ㆍ復元通氣散方見氣門ㆍ神聖代鍼散.

Translation영역

Use Okchok-san (its formula is in the Womb chapter), Dohaek-seunggi-tang (its formula is in the Cold Damage chapter), Bokwontonggi-san (its formula is in the Qi chapter) or Sinseongdaechim-san.

Clinical note임상 주석

Blood mounting was grouped with abscesses and boils, and three of these four formulas break static blood. Sinseongdaechim-san is the exception and the reason the section is worth keeping: a powder the Bogam says acts in place of a needle, given for mounting pain too severe to be borne.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.5 Medicines for Qi Mounting 氣疝藥

4.8.5.1

Source원문

宜蕩疝丸ㆍ蟠葱散方見上ㆍ氣疝飮ㆍ三茱丸ㆍ聚香飮子.

Translation영역

Use Tangsan-hwan, Banchong-san (its formula is above), Gisan-eum, Samsu-hwan or Chwihyang-eumja.

Clinical note임상 주석

Qi mounting is the pain that wanders and has no form, so these are qi-movers rather than purgatives. Chwihyang-eumja is the mildest of them and the one the chapter gives where anger is the trigger, which is how qi mounting is usually met.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.6 Medicines for Fox Mounting 狐疝藥

4.8.6.1

Source원문

寒濕下注于囊中, 名爲狐疝, 亦屬痰病. 二陳湯方見痰飮加靑皮ㆍ香附ㆍ蒼朮. 《入門》

Translation영역

Cold damp pouring down into the scrotum is called fox mounting, and it too belongs to phlegm disease. Use Ijin-tang (its formula is in the Phlegm-Rheum chapter) with green tangerine peel, cyperus and atractylodes lancea added.

Immun 入門

4.8.6.2

Source원문

宜服二香丸. 又丁香練實丸ㆍ四炒川楝丸ㆍ茴香練實丸皆可選用三方見下.

Translation영역

Ihyang-hwan should be taken. Jeonghyangnyeonsil-hwan, Sacho-cheollyeon-hwan and Hoehyangnyeonsil-hwan may all be chosen as well (the three formulas are below).

Clinical note임상 주석

Fox mounting is named for the way the lump goes in and out like a fox at its earth, and the Immun reads it as phlegm — which is why Ijin-tang, a plain phlegm formula, heads the treatment. The three toosendan pills sent for from below are for when it has become chronic.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.7 Medicines for Bulging Mounting 㿉疝藥

4.8.7.1

Source원문

大抵㿉疝屬濕多. 《綱目》

Translation영역

On the whole bulging mounting belongs mostly to damp.

Gangmok 綱目

4.8.7.2

Source원문

㿉有四種. 一曰腸㿉, 一名小腸氣, 宜天台烏藥散ㆍ救命通心散ㆍ去鈴丸ㆍ加味通心飮ㆍ蠲痛元ㆍ消疝丸ㆍ立效散. ○二曰卵㿉, 卽水疝之類, 藥亦同. ○三曰氣㿉, 卽氣疝, 藥亦同. ○四曰水㿉, 卽膀胱氣, 宜靑木香元方見上ㆍ三花神祐丸方見下門ㆍ神保元治膀胱氣脇下痛最妙方見氣門ㆍ三白散ㆍ四味茴香散ㆍ茱萸內消元ㆍ楊氏麝香元ㆍ金鈴散ㆍ三疝湯.

Translation영역

Bulging has four kinds. The first is intestinal bulging, also called small-intestine qi, for which use Cheontaeoyak-san, Gumyeongtongsim-san, Georyeong-hwan, Gamitongsim-eum, Gyeontong-won, Sosan-hwan or Iphyo-san. The second is testicular bulging, which is of the same kind as water mounting, and the medicines are the same. The third is qi bulging, which is qi mounting, and the medicines are the same. The fourth is water bulging, which is bladder qi, for which use Cheongmokhyang-won (its formula is above), Samhwasinu-hwan (its formula is in the Stool chapter), Sinbo-won — which is best of all for bladder qi with pain below the flanks (its formula is in the Qi chapter) — or Sambaek-san, Samihoehyang-san, Suyunaeso-won, Yangssi-sahyang-won, Geumryeong-san or Samsan-tang.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.7.3

Source원문

㿉疝中有偏墜, 有木腎, 別立條.

Translation영역

Within bulging mounting there are one-sided descent and wooden kidney, which are set out in their own sections.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.8.7.4

Source원문

㿉病通用橘核丸ㆍ橘核散.

Translation영역

For bulging disease generally, use Gyulhaek-hwan or Gyulhaek-san.

Clinical note임상 주석

The longest drug section in the chapter, because bulging is the commonest form — a scrotum enlarged by intestine, fluid or qi — and the four kinds call for quite different things. Two of the four are referred straight back to other sections, so what is really new here is the apparatus for intestinal bulging, where Cheontaeoyak-san and Geumnyeong-san remain usable, and for water bulging, where the chapter reaches again for purgatives. Gyulhaek-hwan at the end is the formula the whole group is remembered by, and the only one in general use today.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.9 One Testicle Fallen to One Side 陰卵偏墜

4.9.1

Source원문

陰卵一邊腫大偏墜, 牽引或痛, 古方謂之卵㿉. 宜金鈴子丸ㆍ茱萸內消元ㆍ馬藺花丸ㆍ茴香安腎湯ㆍ加減香苓散.

Translation영역

When one side of the testicles is swollen large and fallen to one side, with dragging or pain, the old formularies call it testicular bulging. Use Geumryeongja-hwan, Suyunaeso-won, Marinhwa-hwan, Hoehyangansin-tang or Gagamhyangryeong-san.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.9.2

Source원문

偏左多瘀血ㆍ怒火; 偏右多濕痰ㆍ食積. 《入門》

Translation영역

Fallen to the left, it is mostly static blood and anger fire; fallen to the right, mostly damp phlegm and food accumulation.

Clinical note임상 주석

The left-right rule is the Immun's, and it is a mapping rather than an observation: the left is the blood side and the liver's, the right the qi and spleen side. It decides the choice among the five formulas, and it is the only place in the chapter where the side of the body changes the prescription.

Immun 入門

4.10 Wooden Kidney 木腎

4.10.1

Source원문

木腎之證, 脹大作痛, 頑痺結硬. 治法當溫散ㆍ溫利以內消之. 又有墜墮跌傷, 驚氣與敗血交攻, 亦有木强脹痛之證, 治法更爲之消瘀, 宜川楝散. 《直指》

Translation영역

In wooden kidney the part is distended and large and painful, numb and dull, knotted and hard. The method of treatment should be to warm and disperse, and to warm and free, so as to dissolve it from within. There are also cases from a fall or an injury, where fright qi and spoiled blood attack each other, and these too present as wood-stiff distension and pain; for these the method is further to dissolve the stasis, and Cheonnyeon-san should be used.

Jikji 直指

4.10.2

Source원문

木腎者, 陰莖堅硬頑痺不痛, 乃心火不降, 腎水不溫. 宜四製茱萸丸ㆍ四炒川楝丸一方見下. 敗血攻入者, 當消瘀血. 《入門》

Translation영역

In wooden kidney the stalk is hard and stiff, numb and dull and without pain, and this is the heart fire not descending and the kidney water not being warmed. Use Sajejuyu-hwan or Sacho-cheollyeon-hwan (one formula is below). Where spoiled blood has attacked inward, the static blood should be dissolved.

Immun 入門

4.10.3

Source원문

木腎不痛, 宜活腎丸. 《入門》

Translation영역

For wooden kidney without pain, Hwalsin-hwan should be used.

Immun 入門

4.10.4

Source원문

消渴木腎, 一名强中, 無治法詳見消渴.

Translation영역

The wooden kidney of wasting thirst, also called forced centre, has no method of treatment (see the Wasting Thirst chapter in detail).

Clinical note임상 주석

Pain is the sign that divides the section: the painful kind is read as cold congealed and treated by warming, the painless as the heart fire failing to come down and treated by draining damp-heat. The last entry is the bleakest line in the chapter and also the most accurate — persistent priapism in a diabetic, which the Bogam had no answer for and says so.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.11 Running Piglet Mounting Qi 奔豚疝氣

4.11.1

Source원문

臍下有動氣, 名曰腎氣, 亦曰奔豚. 奔豚, 腎之積名也. 五積中, 惟臍下奔豚衝心最急. 其人素有腎積, 因傷寒之邪衝突下焦, 致其發動, 如江豚之奔衝也. 大抵眞氣內虛, 水結不散, 氣與之搏, 卽發奔豚. 雖有發表攻裏之證, 汗之ㆍ下之皆不可也. 理中湯方見寒門加肉桂及赤茯苓, 去白朮主之. 盖桂能泄奔豚, 茯苓能伐腎邪故也; 白朮助土剋水, 燥腎閉氣, 是以去之. 《丹心》

Translation영역

When there is a stirring qi below the navel it is called kidney qi, and also running piglet. Running piglet is the name of the kidney's accumulation. Of the five accumulations, only the running piglet below the navel surging at the heart is truly urgent. Such a person has long had a kidney accumulation, and the evil of cold damage strikes into the lower burner and sets it moving, like a river porpoise rushing and butting. On the whole, when the true qi is vacuous within and water knots and does not disperse, the qi beats against it and running piglet breaks out at once. Although there may be signs calling for releasing the exterior or attacking the interior, neither sweating nor purging may be done. Ijung-tang (its formula is in the Cold Damage chapter) with cinnamon and red poria added and white atractylodes taken out governs it — for cinnamon can drain the running piglet and poria can cut down the kidney evil, while white atractylodes aids earth to restrain water and dries the kidney and shuts in the qi, and so is taken out.

Dansim 丹心

4.11.2

Source원문

奔豚氣衝心, 宜奪命丹ㆍ胡蘆巴元ㆍ一捏金散.

Translation영역

For running piglet qi surging at the heart, use Talmyeong-dan, Horopa-won or Illyeomgeum-san.

Clinical note임상 주석

The one substitution in the chapter explained drug by drug: cinnamon in, red poria in, white atractylodes out, with a reason given for each. The prohibition matters as much — neither sweat nor purge, however the surface or the interior reads — and it is the Bogam's recognition that a panic-like surge from the lower abdomen is not an illness of the surface at all.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.12 The Genitals Lengthened and the Genitals Retracted 陰縱陰縮

4.12.1

Source원문

靈樞曰, 莖垂者, 身中之機, 陰精之候, 津液之道也.

Translation영역

The Lingshu says: the hanging stalk is the body's mechanism, the sign of the yin essence and the road of the fluids.

Yeongchu 靈樞

4.12.2

Source원문

陰縱, 謂前陰受熱, 挺長不收也; 陰縮, 謂前陰受寒, 入腹內也. 經曰, 足厥陰之筋, 傷於內則不起, 傷於寒則陰縮入, 傷於熱則縱挺不收, 是也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Lengthening of the genitals means the anterior yin has received heat, so that it stands out long and will not draw back; retraction means it has received cold and has gone up inside the abdomen. The classic says: when the sinew of the foot reverting yin is damaged within it will not rise; damaged by cold, the genitals retract inward; damaged by heat, they lengthen and stand and will not draw back.

Gangmok 綱目

4.12.3

Source원문

陰囊垂縮, 有寒有熱. 夫熱在外寒在內, 則囊垂, 此九夏之氣也; 寒在外熱在內, 則囊縮, 此三冬之氣也. 以不病人論之, 夏暑大熱, 囊卵累垂; 冬天大寒, 急縮收上. 盖冬天陽氣在內, 陰氣在外, 故寒在外則皮急, 皮急則囊縮; 夏月陰氣在內, 陽氣在外, 故熱在外則皮緩, 皮緩則囊垂. 此㿉疝之象. 至於傷寒及熱病, 熱入厥陰則囊卵縮者, 熱傷筋, 筋急故也. 凡火灼則筋急, 亦其類也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

The scrotum hanging or drawing up has both a cold and a heat form. When heat is outside and cold within, the scrotum hangs, and this is the qi of the three months of summer; when cold is outside and heat within, the scrotum draws up, and this is the qi of the three months of winter. Consider it in a man who is not ill: in the great heat of summer the scrotum and testicles hang slack, and in the great cold of winter they draw up tight. In winter the yang qi is within and the yin qi without, so cold outside tightens the skin, and tight skin draws the scrotum up; in summer the yin qi is within and the yang without, so heat outside slackens the skin, and slack skin lets the scrotum hang. This is the image of bulging mounting. As for cold damage and heat disease, when heat enters the reverting yin the scrotum and testicles draw up, because the heat has damaged the sinew and the sinew is tight — as whenever fire scorches, the sinew tightens, which is of the same kind.

Gangmok 綱目

4.12.4

Source원문

陰縮在女子, 則陰戶急痛引小腹疼. 《入門》

Translation영역

Retraction in a woman is a sudden pain of the vaginal opening dragging into the lower abdomen.

Immun 入門

4.12.5

Source원문

男子陰挺腫脹ㆍ陰莖諸疾, 通用龍膽瀉肝湯方見上.

Translation영역

For a man's genitals protruding, swollen and distended, and for disorders of the stalk generally, use Yongdamsagan-tang (its formula is above).

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.12.6

Source원문

陰囊縮, 詳見傷寒門及霍亂門, 可參考.

Translation영역

For retraction of the scrotum, see the Cold Damage and Sudden Turmoil chapters in detail, which may be consulted.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.12.7

Source원문

一少年, 玉莖挺長腫而痿, 皮膚常潤, 磨股難行, 兩脇氣逆上, 手足倦弱. 先以小柴胡湯方見寒門加黃連大劑, 行其濕熱; 少加黃栢, 降其逆上之氣, 腫漸收. 外以絲瓜汁調五倍子末付之而愈. 《丹心》

Translation영역

A young man's jade stalk stood out long, swollen yet wilted, the skin always moist, chafing his thighs so that he could hardly walk; the qi counterflowed upward in both flanks and his hands and feet were weary and weak. First a large dose of Sosiho-tang (its formula is in the Cold Damage chapter) with coptis added was given to move the damp-heat; a little phellodendron was added to bring down the counterflowing qi, and the swelling gradually drew in. Externally gall-nut powder mixed with loofah juice was applied, and he recovered.

Clinical note임상 주석

The physiological argument here is one of the best in the Bogam: the scrotum's hanging and drawing up are first established in the healthy body across the seasons, and only then used to read the diseased one. The case that closes the section is treated as damp-heat throughout, inside and out, and is a plain record of what was done and in what order.

Dansim 丹心

4.13 Yang Collapse 脫陽證

4.13.1

Source원문

詳見救急.

Translation영역

See the Emergencies chapter in detail.

Clinical note임상 주석

A cross-reference and nothing more. Yang collapse — the sudden loss of yang after intercourse, with cold limbs and a vanishing pulse — is an emergency rather than a genital disorder, and the chapter sends it where it belongs.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.14 Wilting of the Genitals 陰痿

4.14.1

Source원문

陰痿皆耗散過度, 傷于肝筋所致. 經云, 足厥陰之經, 其病傷于內則不起, 是也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Wilting of the genitals comes in every case of excessive dissipation damaging the liver's sinew. The classic says: in disease of the foot reverting yin channel, when it is damaged within it will not rise — this is it.

Gangmok 綱目

4.14.2

Source원문

陰痿乃七傷之疾, 虛勞門參考.

Translation영역

Wilting of the genitals is one of the seven damages; consult the Vacuity Taxation chapter.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.14.3

Source원문

陰痿宜還少丹ㆍ五精丸ㆍ上丹ㆍ膃肭補天丸ㆍ固本健陽丹方見婦人ㆍ九仙靈應散.

Translation영역

For wilting of the genitals use Hwanso-dan, Ojeong-hwan, Sangdan, Olnulbocheon-hwan, Gobongeonyang-dan (its formula is in the Women chapter) or Gusinnyeongeung-san.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.15 Cold Genitals 陰冷

4.15.1

Source원문

下部陽虛, 陰冷如氷. 宜八味丸方見五藏ㆍ加減內固丸ㆍ十補丸ㆍ吳茱萸湯ㆍ淸魂湯ㆍ回春散ㆍ助陽散.

Translation영역

When the yang of the lower body is vacuous, the genitals are cold as ice. Use Palmi-hwan (its formula is in the Five Viscera chapter), Gagamnaego-hwan, Sipbo-hwan, Osuyu-tang, Cheonghon-tang, Hoechun-san or Joyang-san.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.15.2

Source원문

一僧病疝, 冷氣上貫齒, 下貫腎, 緊若繩挽兩橐, 時腫而冷. 戴人診兩手脉, 細而弱, 斷之曰, 秋脉也. 此因金氣在上, 下伐肝木, 木畏金抑而不伸, 故病如是. 肝氣盤礴, 不能下榮於橐丸, 故其寒實非寒也. 木受金制, 傳之胃土, 胃爲陽明, 故上貫齒. 肝木者, 心火之母也; 母旣不伸, 子亦屈伏, 故下冷而水化乘之. 經曰, 木鬱則達之, 土鬱則泄之. 令涌泄四次, 果覺氣和, 橐丸痒而煖. 戴人曰, 氣已入橐中矣. 以茴香ㆍ蓬朮之藥使服之, 一月而愈. 《子和》

Translation영역

A monk had mounting, with cold qi threading up to his teeth and down to his kidney, tight as if a cord were drawing both testicles, swelling at times and cold. Daein took the pulse at both wrists, found it fine and weak, and judged: this is an autumn pulse. Metal qi is above and is cutting down the liver wood below; the wood fears metal, is suppressed and cannot extend, and so the disease is like this. The liver qi is coiled and constrained and cannot flourish downward into the testicles, so this cold is not really cold. Wood, restrained by metal, passes it on to stomach earth; and the stomach is the yang brightness, so it threads up to the teeth. Liver wood is the mother of heart fire; the mother being unable to extend, the child also crouches down, so there is cold below and the water transformation takes advantage of it. The classic says: constrained wood should be freed, constrained earth should be drained. He had him induced to vomit and purge four times, and sure enough the qi was felt to harmonize, and the testicles itched and grew warm. Daein said: the qi has gone into the scrotum now. He then had him take medicines of fennel and curcuma, and in a month he was well.

Clinical note임상 주석

The case that argues against its own section. Everything above treats cold genitals by warming; Daein diagnoses from an autumn pulse that the cold is not cold at all but constrained liver wood, and treats by emesis and purgation four times over — the opposite of warming — with fennel and curcuma only afterwards. The itching and warming of the testicles is given as the sign the treatment had worked.

Jahwa 子和

4.16 Swollen Genitals 陰腫

4.16.1

Source원문

陰囊腫大, 或不痛, 卽水㿉之類. 新發者宜三白散ㆍ橘核散; 久者宜橘核丸三方見上.

Translation영역

When the scrotum is swollen large, with or without pain, it is of the kind of water bulging. For a new outbreak use Sambaek-san or Gyulhaek-san; for a long-standing one, Gyulhaek-hwan (the three formulas are above).

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.16.2

Source원문

陰腫宜五苓散方見寒門合三疝湯方見上, 加靑皮ㆍ檳榔ㆍ木通, 空心煎服. 《入門》

Translation영역

For swollen genitals, Oryeong-san (its formula is in the Cold Damage chapter) combined with Samsan-tang (its formula is above), with green tangerine peel, areca and akebia added, decocted and taken on an empty stomach.

Immun 入門

4.16.3

Source원문

陰腫偏大, 或痛. 牡蠣(煆粉)ㆍ乾薑(炮)末一兩, 水調如糊, 塗病處卽愈. 《本草》

Translation영역

For swollen genitals enlarged on one side, with or without pain: calcined oyster shell powder and blast-fried dried ginger powder 1 nyang, mixed with water to a paste and smeared on the diseased place, and it heals at once.

Bonchogang 本草

4.16.4

Source원문

陰腫宜用蟬退散.

Translation영역

For swollen genitals, Seontoe-san should be used.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.16.5

Source원문

小兒外腎腫大, 莖物通明. 牡蠣粉, 津唾調塗; 又地龍糞, 薄荷汁調塗; 葱白汁ㆍ甘草汁皆可. 《本草》

Translation영역

For a child whose outer kidney is swollen large and whose stalk is translucent: oyster shell powder mixed with saliva and smeared on; or earthworm castings mixed with mint juice and smeared on; scallion juice or licorice juice will both do as well.

Bonchogang 本草

4.16.6

Source원문

大人小兒陰腫硬痛. 地龍(不去土)爲末ㆍ蚯蚓糞等分, 以鷄子淸調, 付患處, 綿巾包裹, 登時縮上, 卽洗去, 如神. 《種杏》

Translation영역

For swollen genitals, hard and painful, in adult or child: earthworm with the earth left on, powdered, and earthworm castings in equal parts, mixed with egg white and applied to the affected place and wrapped in a cotton cloth; it draws up at once, and is then washed off — it works like a spirit.

Clinical note임상 주석

The section is almost all topical, and the child's entry is the one to read twice: a scrotum swollen large and translucent to the light is a hydrocele described exactly, and transillumination is still how it is distinguished from a hernia. The remedies themselves are poultices, and the instruction to wash the last one off as soon as the swelling draws up is the only caution given with any of them.

Jonghaeng 種杏

4.17 Scrotal Abscess 囊癰

4.17.1

Source원문

詳見癰疽.

Translation영역

See the Abscesses and Sores chapter in detail.

Clinical note임상 주석

Another cross-reference. A suppurating scrotum is surgical and belongs with the abscesses, and the chapter does not attempt it.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.18 The Scrotum Damp and Itching 陰囊濕痒

4.18.1

Source원문

陰囊濕痒, 謂之腎藏風. 人之精血不足, 內爲嗜慾所耗, 外爲風冷所乘, 風濕毒氣從虛而入, 囊下濕痒, 或生瘡皮脫; 下注則兩脚生瘡癬, 或耳鳴眼昏. 宜活血驅風散ㆍ蒺藜散ㆍ四生散ㆍ乳香龍骨散ㆍ烏頭丸ㆍ椒粉散. 《直指》

Translation영역

The scrotum damp and itching is called kidney-visceral wind. When a person's essence and blood are insufficient, worn away within by appetite and overcome without by wind and cold, the toxic qi of wind and damp enters where there is vacuity: below the scrotum it is damp and itching, or sores break out and the skin comes away; pouring downward it breeds sores and lichen on both legs, or there is ringing in the ears and dimness of the eyes. Use Hwalhyeolgupung-san, Jillyeo-san, Sasaeng-san, Yuhyangyonggol-san, Oryong-hwan or Chobun-san.

Clinical note임상 주석

Kidney-visceral wind is the chapter's name for what reaches from the scrotum to the legs and up to the ears, all as one disorder travelling the same channel — and the formulas follow that, which is why a scrotal itch is treated with gastrodia and typhonium. The description itself, with the skin coming away and lichenified patches on the shins, is chronic eczema recognizably observed.

Jikji 直指

4.19 Medicines That Rob Mounting of Its Pain 疝痛劫藥

4.19.1

Source원문

寒疝入腹刺痛, 及小腸ㆍ膀胱氣痛劇, 宜梔附湯.

Translation영역

For cold mounting entering the abdomen with stabbing pain, and for severe small-intestine or bladder qi pain, Chibu-tang should be used.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.19.2

Source원문

劫疝痛藥. 烏頭ㆍ梔子, 並切炒, 擂細, 順流水入薑汁調服. 梔子以降濕熱, 烏頭以破寒鬱, 皆下焦之藥; 而烏頭爲梔子所引, 其性急速, 不容胃中停留也. 《正傳》

Translation영역

A medicine to rob mounting of its pain. Aconite main root and gardenia, both cut up and dry-fried, ground fine and taken stirred into downstream water with ginger juice. The gardenia brings down the damp-heat and the aconite breaks the cold constraint, both being medicines of the lower burner; and the aconite, led by the gardenia, is swift in nature and is not allowed to linger in the stomach.

Jeongjeon 正傳

4.19.3

Source원문

又方. 桂枝ㆍ山梔(炒)ㆍ川烏(細切炒). 右爲末, 薑汁糊和丸, 薑湯下三四十丸, 大能劫痛. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Another formula. Cinnamon twig, gardenia (stir-fried) and aconite main root (finely cut and stir-fried). Powder them, bind with a ginger-juice paste into pills, and take thirty or forty down with ginger decoction; it robs the pain powerfully.

Clinical note임상 주석

Robbing is the chapter's word for stopping a pain outright rather than treating what caused it, and the whole section is two drugs: aconite and gardenia, hot and cold together. The Jeongjeon's explanation of why is the best sentence in it — the gardenia leads the aconite down so that it does not stay in the stomach — and downstream water, drawn with the current, is specified for the same reason. Both of these preparations contain unprocessed aconite and cannot be made.

Gangmok 綱目

4.20 The General Treatment of the Mountings 諸疝通治

4.20.1

Source원문

治疝通, 用二陳湯隨證加減. 《入門》

Translation영역

To treat mounting pain, use Ijin-tang with additions and subtractions according to the pattern.

Immun 入門

4.20.2

Source원문

四氣七情疝通用五苓散方見寒門. 猪苓ㆍ澤瀉分陰陽, 以和心與小腸; 白朮利腰臍間濕與死血; 茯苓利膀胱水; 木得桂則枯, 故用以伐肝木. 《入門》

Translation영역

For the four-qi and seven-affect mountings generally, use Oryeong-san (its formula is in the Cold Damage chapter). Polyporus and alisma separate yin from yang, harmonizing the heart with the small intestine; white atractylodes frees the damp and dead blood between the lumbus and the navel; poria frees the bladder's water; and wood withers when it meets cinnamon, which is why cinnamon is used to cut down the liver wood.

Immun 入門

4.20.3

Source원문

通治宜胡蘆巴元方見上, 又治小腹有形如卵, 上下痛不可忍.

Translation영역

For general treatment Horopa-won should be used (its formula is above); it also treats a form like an egg in the lower abdomen that moves up and down with pain that cannot be borne.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.20.4

Source원문

馬藺花丸方見上ㆍ茱萸內消元方見上ㆍ復元通氣散方見氣門.

Translation영역

Marinhwa-hwan (its formula is above), Suyunaeso-won (its formula is above) and Bokwontonggi-san (its formula is in the Qi chapter).

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.20.5

Source원문

通治宜茴香練實丸ㆍ木香金鈴丸ㆍ丁香練實丸ㆍ四炒川楝丸ㆍ五炒川楝丸ㆍ烏附通氣湯ㆍ十味蒼栢散ㆍ神消散.

Translation영역

For general treatment use Hoehyangnyeonsil-hwan, Mokhyanggeumnyeong-hwan, Jeonghyangnyeonsil-hwan, Sacho-cheollyeon-hwan, Ocho-cheollyeon-hwan, Obutonggi-tang, Sipmichangbaek-san or Sinso-san.

Clinical note임상 주석

The section opens with two of the plainest formulas in the materia medica — a phlegm formula and a damp-draining one — glossed drug by drug, which is the Immun's way of saying that mounting of mixed cause is treated as damp and phlegm and nothing more exotic. The eight that follow are the chapter's own, and three of them are the fried-toosendan pills; of the whole list, Obutonggi-tang and Sipmichangbaek-san are the two that can still be made as written.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.21 The Dangerous Signs of Mounting Disease 疝病危證

4.21.1

Source원문

疝痛之證, 或因風寒外襲, 或因怒氣上衝, 小腹作痛, 上連脇肋; 甚則搐入反張, 咬牙戰掉, 冷汗交流, 須臾不救. 《丹心》

Translation영역

In mounting pain, whether from wind and cold striking from without or from anger qi surging upward, the lower abdomen hurts and the pain reaches up to the flanks and ribs; and when it is severe there is drawing in and arching back, grinding of the teeth, shuddering and trembling, cold sweat running together, and in a moment he cannot be saved.

Dansim 丹心

4.21.2

Source원문

疝病虛甚, 上爲嘔吐, 下有遺精者危. 《入門》

Translation영역

When mounting disease is severely vacuous, with vomiting above and seminal emission below, the case is dangerous.

Immun 入門

4.21.3

Source원문

惟是逆氣長噓, 中脘停酸, 躁悶擾擾, 甚而至於嘔吐, 最爲惡候. 盖脾土不濟, 腎水上乘, 必爲酸汁, 或爲痰涎, 遂成暴吐; 大小二便關格閉澁, 而腎汁ㆍ胃汁皆自其口出也. 如此者, 大抵不救矣. 《直指》

Translation영역

It is the counterflowing qi with long sighing, sourness standing in the middle stomach, agitation and oppression and restlessness, and worst of all when it goes as far as vomiting — that is the most evil sign. For when the spleen earth cannot help, the kidney water rides upward and must become a sour fluid or a phlegm drool, and so sudden vomiting comes on; stool and urine are both barred and blocked and stopped up, and the kidney's fluid and the stomach's fluid all come out of his mouth. In such a case he generally cannot be saved.

Clinical note임상 주석

Read plainly, this is strangulation: pain, arching, cold sweat, obstruction of both outlets, and faecal vomiting — which is what the Jikji's kidney and stomach fluids coming out of the mouth describes. The Bogam's judgement that such a case cannot be saved was correct without surgery, and the signs listed are still the ones that make a hernia an emergency.

Jikji 直指

4.22 What Is Forbidden in Mounting Disease 疝病禁忌

4.22.1

Source원문

凡疝病非痛斷房事與厚味, 不可用藥. 《丹心》

Translation영역

In mounting disease, unless sexual activity and rich food are cut off outright, medicine cannot be used at all.

Clinical note임상 주석

One sentence, and the chapter means it as a precondition rather than advice: the medicines are not to be given to a patient who will not stop. It answers 4.3, where drunken fullness and sexual taxation were named as two of the three fires.

Dansim 丹心

4.23 The Signs of Death in Scrotal Disease 陰囊病死候

4.23.1

Source원문

靈樞曰, 悲哀動中則傷魂, 魂傷則陰縮而攣.

Translation영역

The Lingshu says: when grief stirs the centre it damages the ethereal soul, and when the ethereal soul is damaged the genitals retract and cramp.

Yeongchu 靈樞

4.23.2

Source원문

傷寒及熱病, 肝氣絶則舌卷卵上縮而終矣. 盖肝者筋之合也, 筋者聚于陰器而脉絡于舌本, 故如是也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역

In cold damage and heat disease, when the liver qi is cut off the tongue curls and the testicles draw up, and it is the end. For the liver is where the sinews come together, and the sinews gather at the genitals while the vessels net the root of the tongue — and so it is like this.

Yeongchu 靈樞

4.23.3

Source원문

病人陰囊ㆍ莖俱腫者死. 《扁鵲》

Translation영역

When a sick man's scrotum and stalk are both swollen, he dies.

Clinical note임상 주석

The curled tongue and the drawn-up testicles are a single sign because the liver holds both ends of it, and the pairing is the chapter's own anatomy used as a prognosis. In modern terms it is the posturing of advanced liver failure, and Pyeonjak's swelling of both scrotum and penis is the anasarca that goes with it.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

4.24 Guiding and Pulling 導引法

4.24.1

Source원문

坐舒兩脚, 以兩手捉大拇指, 使足上頭下, 極挽五息止, 引腹中氣遍行身體, 去疝瘕病. 《類聚》

Translation영역

Sit with both legs stretched out, take hold of the big toes with both hands, and bring the feet up and the head down; pull to the limit and hold for five breaths, then stop. This draws the qi in the abdomen to travel through the whole body and rids one of mounting conglomeration.

Clinical note임상 주석

A seated forward bend held for five breaths, and the only self-treatment in the chapter. Given everything else on offer here, it is also the one thing in it a patient could safely be told to do.

Yuchwi 類聚

4.25 Eroding Sores and Lower Gan Sores 陰蝕瘡下疳瘡

4.25.1

Source원문

詳見諸瘡.

Translation영역

See the Sores chapter in detail.

Clinical note임상 주석

The third cross-reference. Genital ulceration is treated among the sores, which is where the Bogam keeps the venereal disorders, and the chapter touches it only in 4.26.2 for a woman.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.26 The Disorders of a Woman's Genitals 婦人陰門諸疾

4.26.1

Source원문

有陰挺ㆍ陰脫ㆍ陰腫ㆍ陰冷ㆍ陰痒ㆍ陰瘡ㆍ交接出血.

Translation영역

There are protruding yin, fallen yin, swollen genitals, cold genitals, itching genitals, sores of the genitals, and bleeding on intercourse.

Clinical note임상 주석

A heading and a list of seven, which the two sections below take in two groups. That the chapter makes room for this at all follows from 4.5, where the Immun had noted in passing that the perineal door is a woman's ancestral sinew.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.26.1 Protruding Yin and Fallen Yin 陰挺陰脫

4.26.1.1

Source원문

㿉疝在婦人, 則爲陰戶突出, 名曰陰㿉, 宜馬藺花丸方見上. 《正傳》

Translation영역

Bulging mounting in a woman is a protrusion of the vaginal opening and is called bulging of the yin; Marinhwa-hwan should be used (its formula is above).

Jeongjeon 正傳

4.26.1.2

Source원문

陰中突出如菌ㆍ如鷄冠, 四圍腫痛, 乃肝鬱ㆍ脾虛下陷. 先以補中益氣湯方見內傷加梔子ㆍ茯苓ㆍ車前子ㆍ靑皮, 淸肝火升脾氣; 更以歸脾湯方見神門加梔子ㆍ茯苓ㆍ川芎調理; 外塗藜蘆膏. 《入門》

Translation영역

A protrusion within the genitals like a mushroom or a cock's comb, swollen and painful all round, is liver constraint with spleen vacuity fallen downward. First give Bojungikgi-tang (its formula is in the Internal Damage chapter) with gardenia, poria, plantago seed and green tangerine peel added, to clear the liver fire and raise the spleen qi; then regulate with Gwibi-tang (its formula is in the Spirit chapter) with gardenia, poria and chuanxiong added; and smear Yeoro-go on it externally.

Immun 入門

4.26.1.3

Source원문

陰挺出一條尺許, 痛墮尿澁. 朝服補中益氣湯, 晩服龍膽瀉肝湯方見上, 外塗藜蘆膏. 《入門》

Translation영역

When the protruding yin comes out a strip of about a foot, with dragging pain and difficult urine: take Bojungikgi-tang in the morning and Yongdamsagan-tang in the evening (its formula is above), and smear Yeoro-go on it externally.

Immun 入門

4.26.1.4

Source원문

陰中生一物漸大, 牽引腰腹膨痛, 此因多服熱藥, 或犯非理房事, 無意淫不遂, 名曰陰挺. 洗心散方見火門末, 每二錢, 生地黃湯調下. 仍用黑狗脊ㆍ五倍子ㆍ白礬ㆍ水楊根ㆍ魚腥草未詳ㆍ黃連各一兩爲散, 分四貼, 以有嘴瓦罐煎熟, 以罐嘴上貫挺上, 先熏後洗, 立效. 《得效》

Translation영역

When a thing grows within the genitals and gradually enlarges, dragging at the lumbus and abdomen with distending pain, from taking many hot medicines, or from improper sexual activity, or from lust unsatisfied and unfulfilled, it is called protruding yin. Take 2 don of powdered Sesim-san (its formula is in the Fire chapter) at a time, stirred into a rehmannia decoction. Along with this, powder black dog-spine, gall-nut, alum, willow root, houttuynia (not identified with certainty) and coptis 1 nyang each, divide into four packets, boil in an earthen jar with a spout, set the jar's spout up against the protrusion, fumigate first and then wash — the effect is immediate.

Deukhyo 得效

4.26.1.5

Source원문

陰挺宜服一捻金元.

Translation영역

For protruding yin, Illyeomgeum-won should be taken.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.26.1.6

Source원문

陰挺突出有熱, 小柴胡湯合四物湯加龍膽ㆍ靑皮. 《入門》

Translation영역

When the protruding yin stands out and there is heat, Sosiho-tang combined with Samul-tang, with gentian and green tangerine peel added.

Immun 入門

4.26.1.7

Source원문

陰脫, 詳見婦人.

Translation영역

For fallen yin, see the Women chapter in detail.

Clinical note임상 주석

The reading here is better than the pharmacy. Liver constraint with the spleen qi fallen downward is uterine prolapse understood as a failure of lift, and the treatment follows it exactly: Bojungikgi-tang to raise in the morning, Yongdamsagan-tang to clear in the evening. What cannot be followed is the veratrum ointment, which is caustic, and the fumigation jar — though the jar with a spout, held up against the part, is a well-made piece of apparatus.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.26.2 Swelling, Itching, Sores, Cold and Bleeding on Intercourse 陰腫陰痒陰瘡陰冷交接出血

4.26.2.1

Source원문

陰腫痛極, 便秘欲死, 枳橘熨之. 四物湯加柴胡ㆍ梔子ㆍ牡丹皮ㆍ龍膽草煎服. 《入門》

Translation영역

When the genitals are swollen with extreme pain and the stool is blocked so that she is close to death, iron them with the bitter orange and tangerine peel. Take Samul-tang with bupleurum, gardenia, moutan bark and gentian added, decocted.

Immun 入門

4.26.2.2

Source원문

陰戶腫痛不閉, 寒熱尿澁, 宜加味逍遙散方見婦人加知母ㆍ地骨皮ㆍ車前子. 《入門》

Translation영역

When the vaginal opening is swollen and painful and will not close, with chills and fever and difficult urine, Gamisoyo-san should be used (its formula is in the Women chapter) with anemarrhena, lycium root bark and plantago seed added.

Immun 入門

4.26.2.3

Source원문

婦人陰戶生瘡, 乃七情鬱火損傷肝脾, 濕熱下注也. 《入門》

Translation영역

Sores breaking out at a woman's vaginal opening are the constrained fire of the seven affects damaging the liver and spleen, with damp-heat pouring downward.

Immun 入門

4.26.2.4

Source원문

陰內下疳瘡, 因月後便行房, 致成湛濁伏流陰道, 遂生疳瘡, 與男子妬精瘡略同. 黃丹ㆍ枯白礬ㆍ萹蓄ㆍ藁本各一兩, 硫黃ㆍ蛇床子ㆍ荊芥各五錢, 蛇蛻一條燒灰. 右爲末. 別以荊芥ㆍ蛇床子煎湯溫洗, 拭乾, 以淸油調藥末糝之. 《得效》

Translation영역

A lower gan sore inside the genitals comes of intercourse straight after the menses, so that a turbid stagnation lies hidden in the vaginal passage and a gan sore breeds there; it is much the same as a man's jealous-essence sore. Red lead, calcined alum, knotgrass and ligusticum 1 nyang each; sulphur, cnidium seed and schizonepeta 5 don each; one snake slough burnt to ash. Powder them. Separately boil schizonepeta and cnidium seed, wash warm with it, wipe dry, and apply the powder mixed with clear oil.

Clinical note임상 주석

The powder contains red lead and sulphur and is applied to broken mucosa. It cannot be prepared.

Deukhyo 得效

4.26.2.5

Source원문

婦人陰蝕瘡, 宜用洗溻湯ㆍ疳濕散. 《得效》

Translation영역

For a woman's eroding sores of the genitals, Segwan-tang and Gamseup-san should be used.

Deukhyo 得效

4.26.2.6

Source원문

陰中生濕䘌瘡, 蟲如小蛆, 乃濕熱鬱滯也. 宜服硫鯉丸, 外用生艾汁調雄黃末, 燒烟熏之; 更用雄黃銳散方見寒門納陰中. 《入門》

Translation영역

Damp eroding sores breeding within the genitals, with worms like small maggots, are damp-heat constrained and stagnant. Yuri-hwan should be taken; externally mix realgar powder with the juice of fresh mugwort and burn it to fumigate with the smoke; and use the Realgar Pointed Suppository (its formula is in the Cold Damage chapter), placed inside the genitals.

Immun 入門

4.26.2.7

Source원문

陰中生細蟲, 痒不可忍, 蝕入藏府卽死, 令人發寒熱. 先以蛇床子煎湯洗淨, 拭乾, 銅綠散糝之. 《入門》

Translation영역

When fine worms breed within the genitals the itching cannot be borne; should they erode inward to the viscera and bowels she dies at once, and they make her break out in chills and fever. First wash her clean with a decoction of cnidium seed, wipe dry, and dust Dongnok-san on.

Immun 入門

4.26.2.8

Source원문

濕痒出水痛者, 憂思過傷所致. 歸脾湯方見神門加柴胡ㆍ梔子ㆍ牡丹皮ㆍ赤芍藥煎服. 潰爛者宜加味逍遙散. 《入門》

Translation영역

Damp itching that weeps and hurts comes of excessive damage from worry and brooding. Take Gwibi-tang (its formula is in the Spirit chapter) with bupleurum, gardenia, moutan bark and red peony added, decocted. Where it has broken down and ulcerated, Gamisoyo-san should be used.

Immun 入門

4.26.2.9

Source원문

婦人陰畔生疱, 以凉血飮方見後陰加凌霄花少許, 煎空心服. 《得效》

Translation영역

For blisters breaking out at the edge of a woman's genitals, take Yanghyeol-eum (its formula is in the Posterior Yin chapter) with a little campsis flower added, decocted, on an empty stomach.

Deukhyo 得效

4.26.2.10

Source원문

陰冷宜麝香丸ㆍ回春散ㆍ助陽散方見上.

Translation영역

For cold genitals use Sahyang-hwan, Hoechun-san or Joyang-san (their formulas are above).

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.26.2.11

Source원문

交接出血而作痛, 乃房室有傷, 由肝火動脾而不能攝血. 宜用歸脾湯方見神門ㆍ補中益氣湯方見內傷. 外用熟艾綿裹入陰中, 亂髮ㆍ靑皮燒灰爲末糝之. 《入門》

Translation영역

Bleeding on intercourse with pain is damage from the bedchamber, the liver fire stirring the spleen so that it cannot hold the blood. Gwibi-tang (its formula is in the Spirit chapter) and Bojungikgi-tang (its formula is in the Internal Damage chapter) should be used. Externally, prepared mugwort wrapped in cotton and placed within the genitals, and the ash of burnt hair and green tangerine peel powdered and dusted on.

Clinical note임상 주석

The causes given are the chapter's most consistent thread and the most modern-sounding of them: constrained fire from the seven affects, worry and brooding, damage from the bedchamber — a reading of chronic vulval complaints as something the woman's life is doing to her, treated with Gwibi-tang and Gamisoyo-san rather than with anything local. The externals are a different matter. Red lead, realgar, verdigris and calomel all appear here, applied to broken mucosa, and none of them can be used.

Immun 入門

4.27 Simple Medicinals 單方

4.27.1

Source원문

凡三十八種. 有蜘蛛散ㆍ驛馬丸.

Translation영역

Thirty-eight kinds in all. There are Jiju-san 蜘蛛散, Spider Powder, and Yeongma-hwan 驛馬丸, Post-Horse Pill.

Clinical note임상 주석

Neither preparation has a leaf of its own: both are named inside the simples that follow — Spider Powder under spider at 4.27, and Post-Horse Pill under sparrow flesh — so the head counts them as compounded formulas while the chapter gives them only as a line of a simple's entry. Neither is registered separately here.

Donguibogam · Jeoneum

4.27.2

Source원문

白礬治陰生瘡. 白礬ㆍ麻仁等分爲末, 槐白皮煎湯洗瘡, 猪脂調付. ○陰痒, 白礬ㆍ蛇床子煎水淋洗. 《本草》

Translation영역

Alum (白礬): Treats sores arising on the genitals. Alum and hemp seed in equal parts, powdered; wash the sore with a decoction of pagoda tree bark and apply the powder mixed with lard. ○ For itching of the genitals: alum and cnidium fruit decocted in water and used as a douche.

Boncho 本草

4.27.3

Source원문

硫黃治女人陰瘡. 硫黃爲末, 日三付. ○瘡痒不可忍, 硫黃ㆍ白礬煎湯洗之, 杏仁燒灰油調塗之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Sulphur (硫黃): Treats sores of the genitals in a woman. Powder sulphur and apply it three times a day. ○ Where the sore itches beyond bearing: wash with a decoction of sulphur and alum, and smear on apricot kernel burnt to ash and mixed with oil.

Clinical note임상 주석

Sulphur applied topically is one of the oldest treatments for scabies and for fungal skin disease, and it is still in use as a 5–10% ointment. For an itching vulval or scrotal eruption it is a reasonable thing to reach for, and the alum wash with it is astringent and drying.

Boncho 本草

4.27.4

Source원문

甘爛水 治奔豚殊勝. 煎藥用之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Thrashed water (甘爛水): For running piglet it is particularly excellent. Use it for decocting the medicine.

Clinical note임상 주석

甘爛水 is water poured and ladled until it froths — two seung of it raised and dropped a thousand times, as the Shanghanlun directs — and the point of the labour is to break up the water's heaviness so that it will not feed what is already rising. 奔豚, running piglet, is the sensation of something surging up from the lower abdomen to the chest and throat, which reads as a panic attack with its characteristic rising epigastric sensation. The chapter places it here because the tradition traced it to the kidney and the lower burner.

Boncho 本草

4.27.5

Source원문

牛膝主陰痿. 煎服或釀酒服之. ○婦人小戶嫁痛, 牛膝二兩, 酒煎服之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Achyranthes (牛膝): Governs wilting of the genitals. Decoct and take, or brew it into wine and take. ○ For a woman's narrow-gate pain of marrying: achyranthes 2 nyang decocted in wine and taken.

Clinical note임상 주석

小戶嫁痛, the narrow-gate pain of marrying, is dyspareunia at first intercourse, and the chapter gives it its own name and its own remedies — this entry, the cuttlefish bone further down, and others in the Women chapter. That a seventeenth-century text names the complaint at all is worth noting; the usual silence about it is more recent.

Boncho 本草

4.27.6

Source원문

蛇床子 溫陰之主藥. 煎湯浴男女陰, 去風冷, 益陽事, 去陰汗. 又爲末, 和米粉, 綿裹納陰中, 卽溫. 《本草》

Translation영역

Cnidium fruit (蛇床子): Is the chief medicine for warming the genitals. Decoct it and bathe the genitals of man or woman with it; it removes wind and cold, benefits the yang act and removes genital sweating. Or powder it, mix it with rice flour, wrap it in cotton wool and put it into the genitals, and warmth comes at once.

Clinical note임상 주석

Cnidium fruit is the standing drug for every itching, damp, cold complaint of the genitals in both sexes, and it is given here as a wash and as a pessary. Its coumarins have real antifungal and antipruritic action, which is why it survives in Korean practice for vaginal candidiasis and for scrotal eczema.

Boncho 本草

4.27.7

Source원문

地膚子 治跳躍擧重, 卒得陰㿉. 地膚子二兩半ㆍ白朮一兩半ㆍ桂心五錢, 右爲末, 酒下二錢. 《千金》

Translation영역

Kochia seed (地膚子): Treats a sudden genital bulge got from jumping or lifting something heavy. Kochia seed 2½ nyang, white atractylodes 1½ nyang, cinnamon bark 5 don, powdered together, 2 don taken down in wine.

Clinical note임상 주석

跳躍擧重, jumping or lifting something heavy, followed by a sudden swelling in the groin is an inguinal hernia and the mechanism is stated correctly. 㿉 is the chapter's word for that swelling. A hernia is repaired surgically; a sudden irreducible one with pain is strangulation and an emergency.

Cheongeum 千金

4.27.8

Source원문

沙參治諸疝痛欲死. 爲末酒服二錢, 或剉一兩煎服亦佳. 《本草》

Translation영역

Adenophora (沙參): Treats all the mounting pains, where the pain is such that one would die of it. Powder it and take 2 don in wine, or cut up 1 nyang, decoct and take, which is also good.

Boncho 本草

4.27.9

Source원문

淫羊藿 主陰痿, 此興陽之劑也. 取一斤酒浸服之, 或作丸久服亦佳. 《本草》

Translation영역

Epimedium (淫羊藿): Governs wilting of the genitals; this is an agent for rousing the yang. Take 1 geun steeped in wine and take it, or make pills and take them over a long time, which is also good.

Clinical note임상 주석

興陽之劑, an agent for rousing the yang, is as direct as the corpus gets, and epimedium is the drug it means whenever it uses the phrase. Icariin, its principal flavonoid, is a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor — the same mechanism as sildenafil, though far weaker — so the reputation rests on something real. The Chinese name 淫羊藿, lecherous goat herb, records the observation that is supposed to have started it.

Boncho 本草

4.27.10

Source원문

海藻療疝㿉核腫. 常食消男子㿉疾, 入藥服亦佳. 海帶ㆍ昆布同功. 《本草》

Translation영역

Sargassum (海藻): Cures mounting and genital bulge with swollen kernels. Eaten regularly it disperses the bulge disease in men, and taken in medicine it is also good. Kelp and laminaria have the same power.

Clinical note임상 주석

核腫, swollen kernels, is a swelling of the testis or of the inguinal nodes, and the three seaweeds named here are the corpus's standard answer to any hard swelling in the neck or groin. Their iodine content is the reason the same group genuinely does shrink a goitre; for a scrotal mass it does nothing, and a hard painless testicular swelling needs investigating for tumour.

Boncho 本草

4.27.11

Source원문

茴香治小腸疝痛不省人事. 茴香鹽炒ㆍ枳殼各一兩ㆍ沒藥五錢, 爲末, 酒下二錢. ○卒疝痛欲死, 茴香莖葉擣取汁一合, 和熱酒一合服之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Fennel (茴香): Treats small intestine mounting pain with loss of consciousness. Fennel, salt-parched, and bitter orange 1 nyang each, myrrh 5 don, powdered, 2 don taken down in wine. ○ For a sudden mounting pain such that one would die of it: pound fennel stems and leaves, take 1 hop of the juice and take it with 1 hop of hot wine.

Clinical note임상 주석

Salt-parching is the preparation that leads fennel downward to the lower burner, and it is specified wherever the drug is given for a mounting pain. 不省人事, loss of consciousness, with a sudden severe groin pain is a strangulated hernia or a torsion of the testis, and both are surgical emergencies measured in hours.

Boncho 本草

4.27.12

Source원문

玄胡索 治小腸疝痛. 玄胡索鹽炒五錢ㆍ全蝎一錢, 爲末, 酒下一錢. 或與乾薑等分末服亦佳. 《入門》

Translation영역

Corydalis (玄胡索): Treats small intestine mounting pain. Corydalis, salt-parched, 5 don and whole scorpion 1 don, powdered, 1 don taken down in wine. Or powdered with an equal part of dried ginger and taken, which is also good.

Immun 入門

4.27.13

Source원문

狼牙婦人陰蝕瘡潰爛臭穢. 狼牙煎取濃汁, 浸洗患處, 或綿纏子蘸汁滴入陰戶, 日四五次. 《得效》

Translation영역

Agrimony root (狼牙): For an eroding sore of a woman's genitals, ulcerated and foul-smelling. Decoct agrimony root to a strong liquid and soak and wash the affected part with it; or wind cotton wool on a stick, dip it in the liquid and let it run into the genital opening, four or five times a day.

Clinical note임상 주석

陰蝕瘡, the eroding sore, is a destructive vulval ulcer, and in this period the causes would have included syphilis, chancroid and advanced vulval carcinoma. An astringent wash is palliative at best. A persistent vulval ulcer needs examination and biopsy.

Deukhyo 得效

4.27.14

Source원문

桂皮寒疝痛ㆍ四肢逆冷, 桂心末一錢, 熱酒調下. ○外腎腫痛, 桂心末和酒塗之, 桂能泄奔豚故效. 《本草》 ○治偏墜大者, 桂心ㆍ乾薑各一兩爲末, 綿一兩ㆍ水三椀, 同煮曬乾, 又浸煮又曬, 水盡爲度, 用綿包陰丸, 汗出數次便愈. 亦治㿉疝不痛. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Cinnamon bark (桂皮): For a cold mounting pain with the four limbs cold and counterflowing: powdered cinnamon bark 1 don taken down stirred into hot wine. ○ For swelling and pain of the outer kidney: powdered cinnamon bark mixed with wine and smeared on; cinnamon is able to drain running piglet and that is why it works. ○ To treat a lopsided descent that has grown large: cinnamon bark and dried ginger 1 nyang each, powdered, with 1 nyang of cotton wool and 3 bowls of water, boiled together and dried in the sun, then soaked and boiled and dried again until the water is used up; wrap the testis in the cotton wool, and after it has sweated a few times it is cured. It also treats a bulge mounting that gives no pain.

Clinical note임상 주석

The third method is a medicated dressing made by repeatedly boiling cotton wool in the drug solution and drying it — a deliberate way of loading a fabric with active material, and an inventive one. 偏墜, the lopsided descent, is a hernia or hydrocele on one side; a painless bulge that has grown large needs assessment, and the warmth of a dressing will not reduce it.

Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

4.27.15

Source원문

槐白皮 主男子陰疝卵腫ㆍ婦人陰門痒痛及下部濕痒. 水煮取湯淋浴之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Pagoda tree bark (槐白皮): Governs genital mounting with swollen testes in men, itching and pain of the genital opening in women, and damp itching of the lower part. Boil it in water and bathe the part with the liquid.

Boncho 本草

4.27.16

Source원문

黃栢治下疳瘡及陰莖上瘡. 黃栢ㆍ蛤粉等分爲末, 糝之卽愈. 蓋黃栢去熱, 蛤粉燥濕故也. 《丹心》

Translation영역

Phellodendron (黃栢): Treats the lower gan sore and sores on the penis. Phellodendron and clamshell powder in equal parts, powdered and sprinkled on, and it is cured at once — for phellodendron removes heat and clamshell powder dries damp.

Clinical note임상 주석

下疳, the lower gan, is the genital chancre, and by the time the Bogam was compiled that overwhelmingly meant syphilis, which had reached East Asia in the early sixteenth century and is treated at length in this book's 癰疽 chapters. A drying powder settles the local sore; the disease is systemic and is cured by antibiotics. Any genital ulcer needs testing for syphilis and for the other causes.

Dansim 丹心

4.27.17

Source원문

楮木葉 治木腎. 取雄楮葉曬乾爲末, 酒糊和丸梧子大, 空心鹽酒下三十丸. 楮無實者雄也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Paper mulberry leaf (楮木葉): Treats the wooden kidney. Take the leaves of the male paper mulberry, dry them in the sun and powder them, make pills the size of a paulownia seed with wine paste, and take 30 on an empty stomach down with salted wine. The paper mulberry that bears no fruit is the male.

Clinical note임상 주석

木腎, the wooden kidney, is a testis gone hard and insensible, and the chapter distinguishes it from the painful swellings around it precisely because it does not hurt. A hard painless testis is the presentation of a testicular tumour and needs urgent examination and ultrasound.

Gangmok 綱目

4.27.18

Source원문

枳實主婦人陰腫痛. 枳實多取炒令熱, 布裹熨之, 冷卽易. 《本草》

Translation영역

Bitter orange (枳實): Governs swelling and pain of a woman's genitals. Take a quantity of bitter orange, parch it hot, wrap it in cloth and iron the part with it, changing it when it goes cold.

Boncho 本草

4.27.19

Source원문

川椒凡腎氣痛, 須用川椒水煎服. ○陰冷腫痛, 生椒布裹着囊丸, 熱氣通卽差. ○奔豚氣及內外腎牽痛, 椒葉和艾及葱白同硏爛, 以醋湯拌罯, 妙. 《本草》秦椒亦可

Translation영역

Sichuan pepper (川椒): In any kidney qi pain, Sichuan pepper must be used, decocted in water and taken. ○ For cold swelling and pain of the genitals: raw pepper wrapped in cloth and laid against the scrotum, and when the heat qi has passed through it is cured. ○ For running piglet qi and a dragging pain in the inner and outer kidneys: pepper leaves ground to a mash with mugwort and scallion white, mixed with vinegar decoction and applied as a poultice — excellent. Zanthoxylum will also serve.

Boncho 本草

4.27.20

Source원문

川練子 治疝氣大小便不通, 痛不可忍. 川練子肉四十九箇ㆍ巴豆肉四十九箇, 同炒, 以練子黃色爲度, 去巴豆, 只取練子爲末, 每二錢, 溫酒調下. 《得效》

Translation영역

Toosendan fruit (川練子): Treats mounting qi with stool and urine both blocked and pain beyond bearing. Toosendan flesh, forty-nine pieces, and croton flesh, forty-nine pieces, parched together until the toosendan turns yellow; discard the croton and take only the toosendan, powdered, 2 don each time taken down stirred into warm wine.

Clinical note임상 주석

The croton is a heat-transfer medium, not an ingredient: it is parched with the toosendan and then thrown away, so that the toosendan takes up its heat and a little of its oil without the patient taking the croton itself. That is the standard 制 method for croton throughout the corpus and it exists because croton is violently purgative and toxic. The discarded croton must be destroyed, not kept.

Deukhyo 得效

4.27.21

Source원문

亂髮灰 治下疳瘡及陰頭瘡. 先以藥水洗, 取髮灰付之, 乾則油調付. 仍以米飮調髮灰, 空心服. 《直指》

Translation영역

Hair ash (亂髮灰): Treats the lower gan sore and sores on the head of the penis. First wash with medicinal water, then apply the hair ash; if it is dry, mix it with oil and apply. Then also take hair ash stirred into rice water on an empty stomach.

Jikji 直指

4.27.22

Source원문

鼈甲治陰蝕瘡及陰頭癰. 取甲燒爲末, 雞子白調付之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Turtle shell (鼈甲): Treats the eroding sore of the genitals and an abscess on the head of the penis. Take the shell, burn it and powder it, and apply it mixed with egg white.

Boncho 本草

4.27.23

Source원문

烏賊魚骨 主陰蝕瘡, 爲末付之. ○又治小戶嫁痛, 燒爲末, 酒服二錢. 《本草》

Translation영역

Cuttlefish bone (烏賊魚骨): Governs the eroding sore of the genitals; powder it and apply it. ○ It also treats the narrow-gate pain of marrying: burnt and powdered, 2 don taken in wine.

Boncho 本草

4.27.24

Source원문

原蚕蛾 壯陽, 起陰痿, 令交接不倦. 焙爲末, 酒服一錢, 或丸服亦佳. 《本草》

Translation영역

Male silkmoth (原蚕蛾): Fortifies the yang, raises a wilted member and makes one tireless in intercourse. Dry it over a fire and powder it, 1 don taken in wine, or made into pills and taken, which is also good.

Clinical note임상 주석

The male moth specifically, and the whole of the reasoning is in that: the silkmoth mates continuously for the short span of its adult life and eats nothing, so the virtue is held to transfer. It is the plainest case of like-engenders-like in a section full of it, and the five animal entries that close the section all work the same way.

Boncho 本草

4.27.25

Source원문

鰻鱺魚 起陽. 取魚和五味煮熟, 空心食, 甚補益. ○婦人陰蝕瘡痒, 取油塗, 或燒烟熏. 《本草》

Translation영역

Japanese eel (鰻鱺魚): Raises the yang. Take the fish, boil it through dressed with the five flavours and eat it on an empty stomach; it is greatly supplementing. ○ For an itching eroding sore of a woman's genitals: take the oil and smear it on, or burn it and fumigate with the smoke.

Boncho 本草

4.27.26

Source원문

地龍糞 治小兒陰囊腫痛. 取糞甘草汁調付, 薄荷汁尤好. ○乾地龍爲末, 葱椒湯洗後, 唾調付. 《綱目》

Translation영역

Earthworm castings (地龍糞): Treats a swollen and painful scrotum in a child. Take the castings, mix them with licorice juice and apply; mint juice is better still. ○ Dried earthworm powdered: wash first with a decoction of scallion and pepper, then apply the powder mixed with saliva.

Clinical note임상 주석

A painful swollen scrotum in a child is torsion of the testis until proved otherwise, and it has a window of a few hours before the testis is lost. Nothing applied to the skin will help. The other causes — an incarcerated hernia, epididymo-orchitis, Henoch–Schönlein purpura — also need looking at the same day.

Gangmok 綱目

4.27.27

Source원문

蜘蛛主大人小兒㿉及狐疝上下作痛. 蜘蛛散主之. 蜘蛛十四枚熬ㆍ肉桂五錢, 爲末, 大人一錢ㆍ小兒五分, 酒下空心, 或蜜丸服之亦佳. 《本草》

Translation영역

Spider (蜘蛛): Governs the genital bulge in adults and children, and fox mounting with pain that moves up and down. Jiju-san 蜘蛛散 governs it: fourteen spiders, parched, and cinnamon bark 5 don, powdered; 1 don for an adult and 5 pun for a child, taken down in wine on an empty stomach, or made into honey pills and taken, which is also good.

Clinical note임상 주석

狐疝, fox mounting, is named for the fox that goes to its hole by day and comes out at night: the swelling descends when the patient stands and goes back when they lie down, which is the defining sign of a reducible inguinal hernia and is exactly observed. 蜘蛛散 is from the Jingui Yaolüe and is named in the chapter's summary as one of this section's two formulas.

Boncho 本草

4.27.28

Source원문

橘核治膀胱腎氣痛. 微炒去殼爲末, 酒調下一錢. 《本草》

Translation영역

Tangerine seed (橘核): Treats bladder and kidney qi pain. Lightly parch it, remove the shells, powder it, and take 1 don stirred into wine.

Clinical note임상 주석

Tangerine seed is the chief drug of 橘核丸, which remains the reference formula for a chronically swollen and aching testis or epididymis in Korean practice. The drug's whole reputation is for the lower abdomen and the genitals, on the doctrine that the seed goes where the seed is.

Boncho 本草

4.27.29

Source원문

覆盆子 主陰痿, 能令堅長. 作丸久服良. 《本草》

Translation영역

Raspberry (覆盆子): Governs wilting of the genitals, and is able to make them firm and long. Made into pills and taken over a long time it is good.

Boncho 本草

4.27.30

Source원문

桃葉主女人陰瘡如蟲咬痒痛. 生桃葉爛擣, 綿裹納陰中, 日三易. ○又桃枝五七枚, 打頭使散, 以綿纏之, 蘸塗硫黃末, 燒烟熏陰中. ○婦人陰腫ㆍ小兒㿉, 杵桃仁付之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Peach leaf (桃葉): Governs sores of a woman's genitals with an itching and pain as though worms were biting. Pound fresh peach leaves to a mash, wrap them in cotton wool and put them into the genitals, changing them three times a day. ○ Also, take five or seven peach twigs, beat the ends until they splay, wind cotton wool on them, dip and coat them with powdered sulphur, and burn them to fumigate the genitals with the smoke. ○ For swelling of a woman's genitals and a genital bulge in a child: pound peach kernel and apply it.

Clinical note임상 주석

如蟲咬, as though worms were biting, is how the chapter describes the itch of a vulval infection, and the method — a sulphur fumigation delivered on splayed twigs wound with cotton — is a workable applicator. Sulphur smoke contains sulphur dioxide, which is genuinely antimicrobial and genuinely irritant, and directing it at inflamed mucosa is the part to leave in the past.

Boncho 本草

4.27.31

Source원문

杏仁治婦人陰蝕瘡痒不可忍. 燒硏如泥, 綿裹納陰中, 能殺蟲. 《本草》

Translation영역

Apricot kernel (杏仁): Treats an eroding sore of a woman's genitals with itching beyond bearing. Burn it and grind it to a paste, wrap it in cotton wool and put it into the genitals; it is able to kill worms.

Boncho 本草

4.27.32

Source원문

葱白治奔豚疝氣痛, 濃煎湯飮之. ○又㿉疝小腹痛, 細切和鹽炒, 熨之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Scallion white (葱白): Treats running piglet and mounting qi pain; decoct it strongly and drink the liquid. ○ Also for bulge mounting with pain in the lower abdomen: cut it fine, parch it with salt, and iron the part with it.

Boncho 本草

4.27.33

Source원문

雀肉壯陽强陰. 取肉, 以蛇床子熬膏和丸服, 謂之驛馬丸. ○雀卵和天雄ㆍ菟絲子丸服, 令陰强盛. 《本草》

Translation영역

Sparrow flesh (雀肉): Fortifies the yang and strengthens the member. Take the flesh, boil cnidium fruit down to a paste, make pills with it and take them; this is called Yeongma-hwan 驛馬丸, Post-Horse Pill. ○ Sparrow's eggs made into pills with aconite and cuscuta and taken make the member strong and vigorous.

Clinical note임상 주석

驛馬, the post horse — the relay mount that runs and is replaced and runs again — and the name is the claim. The formula is named in the chapter's summary as the second of this section's two. 天雄 is a processed aconite and is toxic; it is not to be prepared from this text.

Boncho 本草

4.27.34

Source원문

鹿腎壯陽氣. 作酒及煮粥服. ○鹿頭骨髓和蜜煮服, 壯陽令有子. 《本草》

Translation영역

Deer genitals (鹿腎): Fortify the yang qi. Make a wine of them, or boil them into a gruel and take it. ○ The marrow from a deer's skull boiled with honey and taken fortifies the yang and makes one able to beget children.

Boncho 本草

4.27.35

Source원문

牡狗陰莖 主陰痿, 令强熱大, 生子. 焙乾爲末, 和酒服. ○黃狗肉壯陽道, 和五味煮熟, 空心食. 《本草》

Translation영역

Dog's penis (牡狗陰莖): Governs wilting of the genitals, making them strong, hot and large, and enables one to beget children. Dry it over a fire, powder it, and take it mixed with wine. ○ Yellow dog meat fortifies the yang path; boil it through dressed with the five flavours and eat it on an empty stomach.

Boncho 本草

4.27.36

Source원문

膃肭臍 主陰痿, 助陽氣, 治疝冷. 酥灸爲末, 空心酒下一錢, 或丸服之. 《本草》

Translation영역

Fur-seal genitals (膃肭臍): Govern wilting of the genitals, assist the yang qi and treat cold mounting. Roast them with butter, powder them, and take 1 don on an empty stomach down with wine, or make pills and take them.

Clinical note임상 주석

**This is not to be used.** Fur seals are protected under CITES and under domestic law; the drug cannot lawfully be obtained and is not to be sought. It was among the most expensive items in the East Asian materia medica for precisely the reputation recorded here, and the trade it drove is the reason the protection exists.

Boncho 本草

4.27.37

Source원문

牛外腎 治疝痛. 牛陰莖灸乾作末, 溫酒調服. 《俗方》 ○婦人陰痒痛悶, 牛肝或猪肝灸熱, 納陰中, 蟲盡出. 《本草》

Translation영역

Ox's outer kidney (牛外腎): Treats mounting pain. An ox's penis roasted dry and powdered, taken stirred into warm wine. ○ For a woman with itching, pain and oppression of the genitals: ox liver or pig liver roasted hot and put into the genitals, and the worms all come out.

Clinical note임상 주석

Warm liver placed in the vagina to draw worms out is the oldest form of the bait trap, and it appears for pinworm in the 蟲 chapter as well; in a child with perianal itching that parasite is the likeliest cause of the complaint. 俗方, the vernacular formulas, are the Bogam's own Korean folk entries and are marked as such throughout the book.

Sokbang 俗方 · Boncho 本草

4.27.38

Source원문

貂鼠四足 主卒疝痛. 燒爲灰, 酒調服. ○靑鼠足ㆍ黃獷足亦同. 《俗方》

Translation영역

Marten's four feet (貂鼠四足): Govern a sudden mounting pain. Burn them to ash and take stirred into wine. ○ A squirrel's feet and a weasel's feet do the same.

Sokbang 俗方

4.27.39

Source원문

弱陽諸物 水銀不可近陰, 令陰消無氣. 《本草》 ○兎肉弱陽, 不可食. 《本草》 ○蓼ㆍ蕺ㆍ蕨俱弱陽, 勿食. 《本草》

Translation영역

Things that weaken the yang (弱陽諸物): Mercury must not be brought near the genitals; it makes them waste away and lose their qi. ○ Rabbit flesh weakens the yang and must not be eaten. ○ Water pepper, fish mint and bracken all weaken the yang; do not eat them.

Clinical note임상 주석

The section closes on a list of prohibitions rather than remedies, which is unusual, and the first of them is the one that matters. Mercury does cause genital and testicular damage — it is gonadotoxic, and mercury ointments were applied to chancres throughout this period — so the observation that mercury near the genitals makes them waste is a real clinical finding recorded as a dietary rule. Mercury in any form is not to be used.

Boncho 本草

4.28 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 鍼灸法

4.28.1

Source원문

諸疝, 取關元, 灸三七壯; 大敦, 灸七壯. 《得效》 ○大敦主七疝痛. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For the mountings, take Gwanwon (關元, CV4) and moxa twenty-one cones, and Daedon (大敦, LR1) and moxa seven. Daedon governs the pain of the seven mountings.

Deukhyo 得效 · Gangmok 綱目

4.28.2

Source원문

諸疝大法, 取大敦ㆍ行間ㆍ太衝ㆍ中封ㆍ蠡溝ㆍ關門ㆍ關元ㆍ水道ㆍ三陰交ㆍ足三里. 《綱目》

Translation영역

The main method for the mountings: take Daedon (大敦, LR1), Haenggan (行間, LR2), Taechung (太衝, LR3), Jungbong (中封, LR4), Yeogu (蠡溝, LR5), Gwanmun (關門, ST22), Gwanwon (關元, CV4), Sudo (水道, ST28), Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6) and Jok-samni (足三里, ST36).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.3

Source원문

卒疝睾腫暴痛, 取蠡溝ㆍ大敦ㆍ陰市ㆍ照海ㆍ下巨虛ㆍ小腸兪. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For sudden mounting with the testicle swollen and violent pain, take Yeogu (蠡溝, LR5), Daedon (大敦, LR1), Eumsi (陰市, ST33), Johae (照海, KI6), Ha-geoheo (下巨虛, ST39) and Sojang-yu (小腸兪, BL27).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.4

Source원문

陰縮痛, 灸中封. 《資生》

Translation영역

For retraction of the genitals with pain, moxa Jungbong (中封, LR4).

Jasaeng 資生

4.28.5

Source원문

狐疝, 取太衝ㆍ商丘ㆍ大敦ㆍ蠡溝. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For fox mounting, take Taechung (太衝, LR3), Sanggu (商丘, SP5), Daedon (大敦, LR1) and Yeogu (蠡溝, LR5).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.6

Source원문

婦人疝瘕痛, 與狐疝同, 取天井ㆍ肘尖ㆍ氣海ㆍ中極. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For a woman's mounting conglomeration with pain, treated as for fox mounting, take Cheonjeong (天井, TE10), Jucheom (肘尖, the tip of the elbow), Gihae (氣海, CV6) and Jungguk (中極, CV3).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.7

Source원문

膀胱氣, 取委中ㆍ委陽. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For bladder qi, take Wijung (委中, BL40) and Wiyang (委陽, BL39).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.8

Source원문

小腸氣, 灸風市ㆍ氣海; 又灸獨陰, 取太衝; 又灸臍左右各去一寸半兩穴, 各七壯, 立效, 名曰外陵穴. 《得效》

Translation영역

For small-intestine qi, moxa Pungsi (風市, GB31) and Gihae (氣海, CV6); also moxa Dogeum (獨陰, an extra point under the second toe) and take Taechung (太衝, LR3); and also moxa the two points an inch and a half to either side of the navel, seven cones each, with immediate effect — these are called the Oeneung points (外陵, ST26).

Deukhyo 得效

4.28.9

Source원문

諸疝上衝, 氣欲絶, 灸獨陰, 神效. 《得效》

Translation영역

When the mountings surge upward and the qi is about to be cut off, moxa Dogeum (獨陰) — divine effect.

Deukhyo 得效

4.28.10

Source원문

㿉疝偏墮, 取大巨ㆍ地機ㆍ中極ㆍ中封ㆍ交信ㆍ湧泉. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For bulging mounting with one-sided descent, take Daegeo (大巨, ST27), Jigi (地機, SP8), Jungguk (中極, CV3), Jungbong (中封, LR4), Gyosin (交信, KI8) and Yongcheon (湧泉, KI1).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.11

Source원문

又法. 以稈量患人口兩角爲一摺, 斷; 如此則三摺成三角, 如樣. 以一角當臍心, 兩角在臍之下兩傍盡處是穴. 左偏灸右, 右偏灸左; 左右灸亦無害. 灸四十壯, 神效. 《得效》

Translation영역

Another method. Measure a straw against the two corners of the patient's mouth for one fold, and cut it; folded so three times it makes a triangle, like a winnowing shape. Put one corner at the centre of the navel, and where the other two corners fall, below the navel on either side, are the points. If it has fallen to the left, moxa the right; if to the right, the left; and moxaing both does no harm either. Moxa forty cones — divine effect.

Deukhyo 得效

4.28.12

Source원문

氣衝專主㿉. 《資生》

Translation영역

Gichung (氣衝, ST30) governs bulging specifically.

Jasaeng 資生

4.28.13

Source원문

水㿉偏墮, 取闌門ㆍ三陰交. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For water bulging with one-sided descent, take Gimun (箕門, SP11) and Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.14

Source원문

小兒胎疝, 卵偏墮, 囊縫後十字紋上灸三壯. 春灸夏差, 夏灸冬差. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For a child's foetal mounting with one testicle descended, moxa three cones on the cross-shaped crease behind the scrotal seam. Moxaed in spring it is cured by summer; moxaed in summer, by winter.

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.15

Source원문

擧重物得㿉, 灸關元兩傍相去各三寸靑脉上, 灸七壯卽愈. 《資生》

Translation영역

For bulging got from lifting a heavy thing, moxa on the blue vessels three chon to either side of Gwanwon (關元, CV4), seven cones, and it heals at once.

Jasaeng 資生

4.28.16

Source원문

木腎大如升不痛, 取大敦ㆍ三陰交. 木腎紅腫痛, 取然谷ㆍ箕門. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For wooden kidney as big as a measure and without pain, take Daedon (大敦, LR1) and Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6). For wooden kidney red, swollen and painful, take Yeongok (然谷, KI2) and Gimun (箕門, SP11).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.17

Source원문

腎藏風濕痒瘡, 取血郄ㆍ三陰交. 《綱目》

Translation영역

For kidney-visceral wind with damp itching sores, take Hyeolhae (血海, SP10) and Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6).

Gangmok 綱目

4.28.18

Source원문

內經刺㿉疝一節, 卽靈樞所謂鈹鍼取睾囊中水液是也. 此法令人亦多能之. 囊大如斗者, 中藏穢液必有數升, 信知此法出於古也. 《綱目》

Translation영역

The passage in the Neijing on needling bulging mounting is what the Lingshu means by taking the watery fluid from within the scrotum with a broad needle. Many people today can do this too. In a scrotum as big as a bushel there must be several seung of foul fluid stored inside, and so one knows for certain that this method comes down from antiquity.

Clinical note임상 주석

The last entry is the chapter's one surgical procedure: a hydrocele tapped with a broad lance needle, with the Gangmok noting that it was still commonly done and that the several seung drawn off proved the method genuinely ancient. Of the rest, Daedon and Yeogu carry the whole scheme, both on the liver channel, which is 4.5's argument put into practice — and the straw-triangle measure for finding the points beside the navel is the most ingenious piece of apparatus in the Outer Form volumes.

Gangmok 綱目

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Outer Form, Volume 4, Anterior Yin chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.