寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

The Face

Myeon

한글 면  ·  Pinyin Mian

The map of the bright hall — why the face alone bears cold, why its diseases belong to the stomach, and what a colour in one place is taken to mean

面

The face is read before it is treated. The forehead is the heart's, the chin the kidney's, the nose in the middle the spleen's, the left cheek the liver's and the right the lung's; and a further set of names runs up the midline from the bridge of the nose to the hairline — heaven's centre, heaven's court, the hall of seals, the mountain root, the bright hall — which the chapter says are the region of the gate of life, where fortune is read. Then two questions the Lingshu and the Nanjing both take up. Why does the face alone go uncovered in winter? Because the blood and qi of all twelve channels and three hundred and sixty-five networks rise to it, the skin there is thick and the flesh firm. And why do the face's diseases belong to the stomach? Because the stomach channel starts at the nose, enters the teeth, circles the lips and climbs past the ear, netting the whole face — so a hot face, a cold face, a swollen face and a wind-struck face are all treated from one base formula, differently adjusted. The last third turns to blemishes: freckles, moles, acne, the drinker's red nose, and a set of washing powders and night pastes with names like Jade Countenance and Red Jade, several of them built on lead, mercury and arsenic. The chapter closes on an old man's rubbing method — warm the palms and wipe the forehead up to the hairline thirty times — and on the colours that mean a patient will not live.

2.1 The Regions of the Bright Hall 明堂部位

2.1.1
Source원문

天中心ㆍ天庭ㆍ司空ㆍ印堂ㆍ山根脾ㆍ鼻準ㆍ人中ㆍ承漿ㆍ地閣腎ㆍ頦ㆍ太陽ㆍ方廣ㆍ明堂ㆍ右頰肺ㆍ左頰肝

Translation영역
Heaven's centre heart, heaven's court, the hall of emptiness, the seal hall, the mountain root spleen, the nose's plumb, the man's centre, the receiving fluid, earth's chamber kidney, the chin, the great yang, the broad square, the bright hall, the right cheek lung, the left cheek liver
Clinical note임상 주석
The labels of the chapter's opening figure — a face with its regions marked and the five viscera written beside the five that belong to them. They are set down here as the transcription has them, in the figure's own order rather than as a sentence; the prose that follows restates the five-viscera assignments.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.1.2
Source원문

額爲天庭屬心, 頦爲地閣屬腎, 鼻居面中屬脾, 左頰屬肝, 右頰屬肺. 此五藏部位也, 察其色以辨其病.

Translation영역
The forehead is heaven's court and belongs to the heart; the chin is earth's chamber and belongs to the kidney; the nose sits at the middle of the face and belongs to the spleen; the left cheek belongs to the liver and the right cheek to the lung. These are the regions of the five viscera, and one examines their colour to tell the disease apart.
Clinical note임상 주석
Five viscera on one face, and the arrangement follows the directions: fire above, water below, wood at the east which is the left, metal at the west which is the right, earth at the centre. A physician facing the patient reads the patient's left as his own right.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.1.3
Source원문

自鼻直上髮際曰天中, 天中之下曰天庭, 卽額也. 天庭之下曰司空, 司空之下曰印堂, 在兩眉中. 印堂之下曰山根, 卽兩眼之間. 山根之下曰鼻準, 卽明堂也. 鼻準之下曰人中, 人中之下曰承漿穴名, 承漿之下曰地閣, 卽頦也. 兩額角曰方廣, 亦曰太陽穴.

Translation영역
Straight up from the nose to the hairline is called heaven's centre; below heaven's centre is heaven's court, that is the forehead. Below heaven's court is the hall of offices; below that is the hall of seals, between the two brows. Below the hall of seals is the mountain root, between the two eyes. Below the mountain root is the nose tip, which is the bright hall. Below the nose tip is the water trough; below that is Seungjang a point name; below that is earth's chamber, which is the chin. The two corners of the forehead are called the broad squares, also the Taeyang points.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.1.4
Source원문

天中與天庭, 司空及印堂, 額角方廣處, 有病定存亡. 此是命門地, 醫人鮮較量.

Translation영역
Heaven's centre and heaven's court, the hall of offices and the hall of seals, the forehead corners and the broad squares — disease appearing there settles whether one lives or dies. This is the ground of the gate of life, and few physicians weigh it.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.1.5
Source원문

天中ㆍ天庭ㆍ司空ㆍ印堂ㆍ額角ㆍ方廣, 皆命門部位, 以占吉凶也. 《入門》

Translation영역
Heaven's centre, heaven's court, the hall of emptiness, the seal hall, the brow corners and the broad square are all regions of the life gate, and by them good and ill fortune are told.
Clinical note임상 주석
命門部位 — the Immun's gloss on the verse before it, naming the six regions the verse lists and saying plainly what they are read for. 以占吉凶, to tell good and ill fortune, is the language of divination, and the chapter does not disown it: 2.15 reads the same regions for the signs of death.

Immun 入門

2.1.6
Source원문

五色獨決于明堂. 明堂者, 鼻也. 明堂之色, 靑黑爲痛, 黃赤爲熱, 白爲寒. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The five colours are decided at the bright hall alone; the bright hall is the nose. In the colour of the bright hall, green and black mean pain, yellow and red mean heat, white means cold.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three readings from one small patch of skin. The Nose chapter's 2.16 gives the same list in more detail, and the Abdomen chapter's 3.22.3 uses a green nose with belly pain as a sign of death.

Yeongchu 靈樞

2.1.7
Source원문

切脉動靜而視精明, 察五色, 觀五藏有餘不足, 六府强弱, 形之盛衰, 以此參伍決死生之分. 註曰, 精明, 穴名, 在明堂左右兩目內眥也. 《內經》

Translation영역
Feel the pulse's movement and stillness and look at the brightness of the eyes, examine the five colours, observe the surplus and insufficiency of the five viscera, the strength and weakness of the six bowels and the flourishing or decline of the form; cross-check them and decide the division between life and death. The commentary says: Jeongmyeong is a point name, at the inner canthi of the two eyes beside the bright hall.

Naegyeong 內經

2.1.8
Source원문

明堂占法, 詳見審病門.

Translation영역
The method of reading the bright hall is treated in detail in the Examining Disease chapter.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.2 The Face Is the Meeting of All the Yang 面爲諸陽之會

2.2.1
Source원문

靈樞曰, 手之三陽從手走至頭. 手太陽之脉從缺盆貫頸上頰至目銳眥, 手少陽之脉從缺盆上耳上角以屈下頰至䪼, 手陽明之脉從缺盆上頸貫頰交人中上挾鼻孔. 此從下而上于面也. 《銅人》

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: the three hand yang channels run from the hand up to the head. The hand greater yang's channel goes from the supraclavicular fossa, threads the neck, rises over the cheek and reaches the outer canthus; the hand lesser yang's goes from the supraclavicular fossa up to the corner above the ear, then bends down the cheek to the cheekbone; the hand yang brightness's goes from the supraclavicular fossa up the neck, threads the cheek, crosses at the water trough and rises flanking the nostrils. These go from below upward to the face.

Dongin 銅人

2.2.2
Source원문

靈樞曰, 足之三陽從頭走至足. 足太陽之脉起於目內眥上額交巓上, 足少陽之脉起於目銳眥上抵頭角, 足陽明之脉起於鼻交頞中. 此從面而走至足也. 此手足六陽之脉俱會於面也. 《銅人》

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: the three foot yang channels run from the head down to the foot. The foot greater yang's channel rises at the inner canthus, goes up the forehead and crosses at the vertex; the foot lesser yang's rises at the outer canthus and goes up to the corner of the head; the foot yang brightness's rises at the nose and crosses at the bridge. These go from the face down to the foot. So the six hand and foot yang channels all meet at the face.

Dongin 銅人

2.3 The Face Bears Cold 人面耐寒

2.3.1
Source원문

黃帝問曰, 首面與身形也, 屬骨連筋, 同血合於氣耳. 天寒則裂地凌氷, 其卒寒或手足解惰, 然而其面不衣, 何也. 岐伯答曰, 人之十二經脉三百六十五絡, 其血氣皆上於面而走空竅. 其精陽氣上走於目而爲睛, 其別氣走於耳而爲聽, 其宗氣上出於鼻而爲臭, 其濁氣出於胃走唇舌而爲味. 其氣之津液皆上熏於面, 而皮又厚其肉堅, 故大熱甚寒不能勝之也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor asked: the head and face and the body's form belong to the same bones and are joined by the same sinews, share the same blood and join in the same qi. When the weather is cold enough to split the ground and freeze water, and a sudden cold makes the hands and feet slack and idle, yet the face goes unclothed — why? Qi Bo answered: the blood and qi of a person's twelve channels and three hundred and sixty-five networks all rise to the face and run to the hollow orifices. Its essential yang qi rises to the eyes and makes sight; its separate qi runs to the ears and makes hearing; its ancestral qi issues at the nose and makes smell; its turbid qi issues from the stomach and runs to the lips and tongue and makes taste. The fluids of all this qi rise and steam over the face, and the skin there is thick and its flesh firm — so neither great heat nor severe cold can overcome it.
Clinical note임상 주석
The question is a real one and the answer is nearly right: the face is the most richly supplied surface on the body, and its blood flow is what keeps it from freezing. The Lingshu adds the four senses as further evidence that everything rises there.

Yeongchu 靈樞

2.3.2
Source원문

人面獨能耐寒者, 何也. 盖人頭者諸陽之會也. 諸陰脉皆至頸項中而還, 獨諸陽脉皆上至頭, 故令面耐寒也. 《難經》

Translation영역
Why is it that the face alone can bear cold? The head is where all the yang meet. All the yin channels reach the neck and turn back, and only the yang channels all rise to the head — and so the face bears cold.

Nangyeong 難經

2.4 Diseases of the Face Belong Wholly to the Stomach 面病專屬胃

2.4.1
Source원문

手足六陽之經雖皆上至頭, 而足陽明胃之脉起於鼻交頞中, 入齒挾口環唇, 倚頰車上耳前, 過客主人穴名, 維絡于面上. 故面病專屬於胃. 其或風熱乘之, 則令人面腫, 或面鼻色紫, 或風刺癮疹, 或面熱, 或面寒, 隨其經證而治之. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Though all six hand and foot yang channels rise to the head, the foot yang brightness stomach channel rises at the nose and crosses at the bridge, enters the teeth, flanks the mouth and circles the lips, leans on the jaw and goes up before the ear, passes Gaekjuin a point name and nets the whole face. Therefore diseases of the face belong wholly to the stomach. Where wind heat takes advantage of it, it makes the face swell, or the face and nose turn purple, or raises wind pimples and rashes, or makes the face hot, or makes the face cold — treat each according to the channel's pattern.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's organizing claim, and it is why one base formula — Seungma-galgeun-tang — serves 2.6, 2.7 and 2.10 with different additions. 2.7.4 states that openly.

Uigam 醫鑑

2.5 The Measurement of the Face 面部度數

2.5.1
Source원문

兩顴之間相去七寸. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The span between the two cheekbones is seven chon.

Yeongchu 靈樞

2.6 A Hot Face 面熱

2.6.1
Source원문

面熱者, 足陽明病. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
A hot face is a disease of the foot yang brightness.

Yeongchu 靈樞

2.6.2
Source원문

面赤如醉者, 胃熱上熏也. 《仲景》

Translation영역
A face red as though drunk is stomach heat steaming upward.

Junggyeong 仲景

2.6.3
Source원문

面熱因鬱熱. 《丹心》

Translation영역
A hot face comes of depressed heat.

Dansim 丹心

2.6.4
Source원문

面熱者, 胃病也. 《東垣》 飮食不節則胃病, 胃病則氣短精神少而生大熱, 有時顯火上行獨燎其面. 《東垣》

Translation영역
A hot face is a disease of the stomach. Where food and drink are without measure the stomach is diseased; the stomach diseased, the breath is short and the spirit scant and great heat is engendered, and at times the fire shows itself running upward and scorches the face alone.
Clinical note임상 주석
獨燎其面 — scorching the face alone. Dongwon's picture of a flush that climbs after a heavy meal, and the reasoning is his usual one: the stomach damaged, its fire rises where its channel goes.

Dongwon 東垣

2.6.5
Source원문

一人患面熱, 脉洪大而有力. 此乃陽明經多血多氣, 因膏粱積熱而致. 先以調胃承氣湯方見寒門 七錢加黃連 三錢ㆍ犀角 一錢疎下三兩行, 次以升麻黃連湯治之而愈. 《寶鑑》

Translation영역
A man suffered a hot face, his pulse surging, large and forceful. This was the yang brightness channel, rich in blood and qi, brought on by heat accumulated from rich food. First Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter 7 don with 3 don of coptis and 1 don of rhinoceros horn added was given to purge him two or three times; then Cimicifuga and Coptis Decoction treated him and he was healed.

Wigye Bogam 寶鑑

2.7 A Cold Face 面寒

2.7.1
Source원문

面寒者, 胃虛也. 《丹心》

Translation영역
A cold face is the stomach vacuous.

Dansim 丹心

2.7.2
Source원문

胃中有寒濕則面不能耐寒, 先以附子理中湯方見寒門, 次用升麻附子湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where there is cold damp in the stomach the face cannot bear cold: first Aconite Regulate the Centre Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter, then Cimicifuga and Aconite Decoction.

Immun 入門

2.7.3
Source원문

一老尼患面寒, 不敢當風行, 諸治不效. 此人年高素食茶果, 陽明之氣不能上榮故也. 先以附子理中湯溫其中氣, 次用升麻附子湯治之而愈. 《入門》

Translation영역
An old nun suffered a cold face and dared not walk facing the wind, and no treatment answered. She was advanced in years and had long lived on tea and fruit, so the yang brightness's qi could not rise and flourish. First Aconite Regulate the Centre Decoction warmed her centre qi, then Cimicifuga and Aconite Decoction treated her and she was healed.
Clinical note임상 주석
素食茶果 — long living on tea and fruit. An elderly patient who ate almost nothing warming, with a face that could not bear the wind. The diagnosis is made from the diet, and the treatment begins by feeding the middle before anything is sent up to the face.

Immun 入門

2.7.4
Source원문

升麻葛根湯, 乃陽明經主藥也. 加黃連ㆍ犀角ㆍ白芷ㆍ川芎ㆍ荊芥ㆍ薄荷以治面熱, 加附子ㆍ白芷ㆍ黃芪ㆍ人參ㆍ草豆蔲ㆍ益智仁以治面寒. 盖面熱面寒皆本於胃故也. 《入門》

Translation영역
Cimicifuga and Pueraria Decoction is the governing medicine of the yang brightness channel. With coptis, rhinoceros horn, angelica dahurica, chuanxiong, schizonepeta and mint added it treats a hot face; with aconite, angelica dahurica, astragalus, ginseng, round cardamom and alpinia added it treats a cold face — for a hot face and a cold face are both rooted in the stomach.
Clinical note임상 주석
One base and two sets of additions for opposite complaints. It is the clearest statement in the Bogam of what a base formula is for, and 2.4's claim is what licenses it.

Immun 入門

2.8 The Five Colours Seen in the Face 面見五色

2.8.1
Source원문

肝外證面靑善怒, 心外證面赤善笑, 脾外證面黃善噫, 肺外證面白善嚔, 腎外證面黑善恐欠. 《難經》

Translation영역
The liver's outer signs are a green face and readiness to anger; the heart's, a red face and readiness to laugh; the spleen's, a yellow face and much belching; the lung's, a white face and much sneezing; the kidney's, a black face with readiness to fear and yawn.

Nangyeong 難經

2.8.2
Source원문

足厥陰之脉病面塵脫色, 足少陽之脉病面微塵, 手厥陰之脉病面赤, 足少陰之脉病面黑如炭色, 足陽明之脉病顔黑. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
In disease of the foot reverting yin channel the face looks dusty and loses colour; of the foot lesser yang, the face is slightly dusty; of the hand reverting yin, the face is red; of the foot lesser yin, the face is black as charcoal; of the foot yang brightness, the countenance is black.
Clinical note임상 주석
面塵 — a face that looks dusty, as though it needed wiping. It is the liver channel's sign and one of the most recognizable descriptions in the classics: the greyish, unwashed look of chronic liver disease.

Yeongchu 靈樞

2.8.3
Source원문

太陽病終者, 面色白絶汗出. 少陰病終者, 面黑齒長而垢. 太陰病終者, 面黑皮毛焦. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
Where the greater yang disease ends, the face is white and the expiring sweat comes out. Where the lesser yin ends, the face is black and the teeth look long and grimy. Where the greater yin ends, the face is black and the skin and hair are scorched.
Clinical note임상 주석
齒長 — the teeth grown long, which is the gums receding from them. Together with a black face it is the Kidney chapter's terminal sign, and it describes the look of advanced uraemia closely enough to be recognized.

Yeongchu 靈樞

2.8.4
Source원문

寸口脉微而澁. 微者衛氣衰, 澁者榮血不足. 衛氣衰則面色黃, 榮血不足則面色靑. 又曰陰陽俱虛則面色靑白. 《仲景》

Translation영역
The inch-opening pulse is faint and rough: faint means the defence qi has declined, rough that the construction blood is insufficient. Where the stomach qi declines the face is yellow; where the construction blood is insufficient the face is green. It is also said that where yin and yang are both vacuous the face is green-white.

Junggyeong 仲景

2.8.5
Source원문

面唇紫黑, 宜升麻白芷湯. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where the face and lips are purple-black, Cimicifuga and Angelica Dahurica Decoction is appropriate.

Uigam 醫鑑

2.8.6
Source원문

一婦人因憂思飮食失節, 得面色黧黑不澤, 環唇尤甚, 心懸如飢. 此心肺之陽氣虛不能行榮衛而光澤於外, 肝腎陰氣上溢於陽中, 故黑色顯於面. 又脾之華在唇, 今水來侮土, 故黑色見於唇. 以沖和順氣湯助陽明生發之氣, 數服而愈. 《寶鑑》

Translation영역
A woman, through worry and irregular eating, got a complexion dark and lustreless, worst of all round the lips, with a hanging feeling in the heart as of hunger. This was the yang qi of heart and lung too vacuous to move the construction and defence and give lustre without, while the yin qi of liver and kidney overflowed upward into the yang — so the black colour showed in the face. And the spleen's flowering is at the lips, so that now water came to insult earth and the black showed at the lips. Harmonize the Centre and Order the Qi Decoction was used to assist the yang brightness's engendering and issuing qi, and after several doses she was healed.
Clinical note임상 주석
環唇尤甚 — worst around the lips. Perioral hyperpigmentation, and the case reasons from the site outward: the lips are the spleen's flowering, so a darkness there is water over earth.

Wigye Bogam 寶鑑

2.8.7
Source원문

一人忽黑色滿面, 孫兆診之曰, 非病也, 此爲臭氣所熏, 穢氣畜於面部不散, 故有此色. 問曰, 汝一月前聞甚一陣非常臭氣不能避耶. 曰, 一日登厠, 其臭不可聞, 良久下厠, 明日遂有此疾. 孫曰, 去至臭無過至香. 可用沈檀 各一兩碎焚爐中, 安帳中以熏, 被盖定勿令香散, 可端坐香邊暝目靜坐, 候香氣散方可出帳. 其人依言聞香, 黑色漸變, 旬日如舊. 盖腎臭腐, 脾臭香, 脾能剋腎, 故如是. 《孫兆》

Translation영역
A man's face suddenly went all over black. Sun Zhao examined him and said: this is not a disease; it is the steaming of a stench, the foul qi stored in the region of the face and not dispersing, and hence this colour. He asked: a month ago, did you not smell some extraordinary stench you could not get away from? The man said: one day I went to the privy and the stink was not to be borne; I was a long while coming down from it, and next day I had this. Sun said: nothing drives out an extreme stench like an extreme fragrance. Take aloeswood and sandalwood, a nyang each, break them up and burn them in a censer set within the bed curtains; cover it so the fragrance does not scatter, and sit upright beside it with the eyes closed, and only come out of the curtains when the fragrant qi has dispersed. The man did as he was told and breathed the fragrance, and the black colour changed by degrees; in ten days he was as before. For the kidney's smell is putrid and the spleen's is fragrant, and the spleen can restrain the kidney — hence this.
Clinical note임상 주석
非病也 — this is not a disease. The best case in the chapter, and Sun Zhao's first move is to ask what happened a month ago rather than to prescribe. Whatever one makes of the aetiology, taking a history back to a single remembered day is the method the whole book rests on.

Sonjo 孫兆

2.9 The Pattern of the Face Wearing Yang 面戴陽證

2.9.1
Source원문

諸病面赤, 雖伏火熱, 禁不得攻裏. 爲陽氣怫鬱, 邪氣在經, 宜發表以去之. 經曰, 火鬱則發之, 是也. 瘡瘍亦然. 《東垣》

Translation영역
In any disease with a red face, though fire heat lies hidden, attacking the interior is forbidden. It is the yang qi depressed and pent up with the evil in the channels, and the surface should be opened to remove it. The classic says: where fire is depressed, discharge it — such is the case. So too with sores and ulcers.

Dongwon 東垣

2.9.2
Source원문

面戴陽者, 浮火所衝也. 又曰面戴陽者, 面雖赤而不紅活, 乃下虛也. 醫者不察, 誤用凉藥, 則氣消而成大病矣. 《入門》

Translation영역
The face wearing yang is floating fire surging up. It is also said: in the face wearing yang, though the face is red it is not a living red — it is vacuity below. Where a physician does not examine and mistakenly uses cooling medicines, the qi is worn away and a great disease follows.
Clinical note임상 주석
面雖赤而不紅活 — red but not a living red. The distinction between the flush of heat and the dusky, fixed red of a patient cold below with the yang floating up. Cooling the second kills, and the Immun says so plainly.

Immun 入門

2.9.3
Source원문

面赤色者, 陽氣怫鬱在表, 當解之發汗卽愈. 《仲景》

Translation영역
A red face is the yang qi depressed and pent up at the surface; it should be resolved, and sweating heals it at once.

Junggyeong 仲景

2.9.4
Source원문

傷寒少陰證面戴陽者, 下虛故也, 宜通脉四逆湯方見寒門加葱白 九莖煎服. 《仲景》

Translation영역
In cold damage's lesser yin pattern where the face wears yang, it is because of vacuity below: Free the Vessels Counterflow Cold Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter with nine stalks of scallion white added, decocted and taken.

Junggyeong 仲景

2.9.5
Source원문

面赤色爲陽氣怫鬱在表, 故用葱白以通陽氣也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
A red face is the yang qi depressed and pent up at the surface, and so scallion white is used to free the yang qi.

Gangmok 綱目

2.10 The Pattern of Stomach Wind 胃風證

2.10.1
Source원문

胃風爲面腫. 《入門》 面腫曰風. 《內經》

Translation영역
Stomach wind makes the face swell. A swollen face is called wind.

Immun 入門 · Naegyeong 內經

2.10.2
Source원문

初飮食訖, 乘風凉而致. 其證飮食不下, 形瘦腹大, 惡風, 頭多汗, 膈塞不通, 脉右關弦而緩帶浮. 《東垣》

Translation영역
It is brought on by going out into a cool wind just after eating. Its signs are food and drink not going down, the body thin and the belly large, aversion to wind, much sweat on the head and the diaphragm blocked; the pulse at the right bar is stringlike and moderate with a floating quality.

Dongwon 東垣

2.10.3
Source원문

虛風麻木, 牙關緊急, 目內蠕動, 胃中有風, 獨面腫, 宜升麻胃風湯. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Vacuity wind with numbness, the jaw clenched tight and twitching within the eye — there is wind in the stomach and the face alone swells: Cimicifuga Stomach Wind Decoction is appropriate.

Dongwon 東垣

2.10.4
Source원문

一人患鼻額角痛, 或麻痺不仁, 唇口頰車髮際連牙腫痛, 口不得開, 額與頰車常如糊綳, 手觸則痛. 此陽明經絡受風熱毒氣而然, 宜犀角升麻湯. 《本事》

Translation영역
A man suffered pain at the nose and the corner of the forehead, at times numb and without feeling, with the lip, mouth, jaw and hairline swollen and painful as far as the teeth, the mouth unable to open, and the forehead and jaw feeling always as though a cord were pasted across them, painful at a touch of the hand. This is the yang brightness channels and networks taking in wind heat toxin: Rhinoceros Horn and Cimicifuga Decoction is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
常如糊綳, 手觸則痛 — as though a cord were pasted across the face, and painful at a touch. A band of pain from brow to jaw that a light touch sets off: trigeminal neuralgia, described before the nerve had a name.

Bonsa 本事

2.11 The Pattern of Kidney Wind 腎風證

2.11.1
Source원문

黃帝曰, 有病腎風者, 面胕痝然壅, 害於言, 可刺否. 岐伯曰, 虛不當刺, 不當刺而刺, 後五日其氣必至. 至必少氣, 時熱, 時熱從胸背上至頭, 汗出手熱, 口乾苦渴, 小便黃, 目下腫, 腹中鳴, 身重難以行. 註曰, 痝然, 腫起貌; 壅, 謂目下壅如臥蠶形也. 《內經》

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor said: there is one with kidney wind, the face puffy and swollen so that it impedes speech — may he be needled? Qi Bo said: he is vacuous and should not be needled; and if one needles where one should not, after five days his qi will surely come. Coming, there will be scant qi, heat at times rising from chest and back to the head, sweating and hot hands, a dry mouth and bitter thirst, yellow urine, swelling below the eyes, rumbling in the belly, and the body heavy and hard to walk with. The commentary says: 痝然 is the look of swelling risen; 壅 means the swelling below the eye in the shape of a lying silkworm.
Clinical note임상 주석
目下壅如臥蠶形 — the swelling under the eye shaped like a lying silkworm. Periorbital oedema, and the Suwen names it as the sign of kidney disease. That needling a vacuous patient makes it worse in five days is the passage's real point.

Naegyeong 內經

2.11.2
Source원문

面痝然浮腫疼痛, 其色炲黑, 多汗惡風者, 屬腎風. 證治法闕. 《三因》

Translation영역
A face puffy, swollen and painful, sooty black in colour, with much sweat and aversion to wind, belongs to kidney wind. The method of treatment is wanting.
Clinical note임상 주석
治法闕 — the method of treatment is wanting. The Bogam prints the gap rather than filling it, which it does only rarely; the Fluids chapter's 5.10 does the same for untreatable signs.

Samin 三因

2.12 Swelling at the Angle of the Jaw 搭顋腫

2.12.1
Source원문

顋腫亦名痄顋, 因風熱或膏粱積熱而作, 宜升麻黃連湯或升麻胃風湯或荊防敗毒散方見寒門. 腫久不消欲作膿, 宜托裏消毒散方見癰疽. 顋頰齒牙唇口俱腫出血者, 宜淸胃散方見牙齒加石膏. 《入門》

Translation영역
Swelling of the jaw is also named jaw-clamp swelling; it arises from wind heat or from heat accumulated by rich food. Cimicifuga and Coptis Decoction, or Cimicifuga Stomach Wind Decoction, or Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia Vanquish Toxin Powder formula in the Cold Damage chapter are appropriate. Where the swelling is long in dispersing and threatens to suppurate, Inner Expression Resolve Toxin Powder formula in the Welling Abscess chapter. Where jaw, cheek, teeth, lips and mouth are all swollen and bleeding, Clear the Stomach Powder formula in the Teeth chapter with gypsum added.
Clinical note임상 주석
痄顋 — the jaw clamped, from 痄, stiff and swollen. It is the classical name for mumps, which the tradition tracked by the swelling at the angle of the jaw rather than by the fever. The related name 蝦蟆瘟, toad epidemic, marks it as something that goes round; this chapter uses the plainer one.

Immun 入門

2.12.2
Source원문

搭顋腫, 宜加味消毒飮. 《醫林》

Translation영역
For swelling at the angle of the jaw, Supplemented Resolve Toxin Drink is appropriate.

Uirim 醫林

2.12.3
Source원문

顋腫, 赤小豆爲末, 鷄子淸調貼之; 醋調貼之亦效. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For a swollen jaw, adzuki bean powdered and mixed with egg white and applied; mixed with vinegar it is also effective.

Gangmok 綱目

2.12.4
Source원문

又方, 石灰炒熱, 地下窨如此七次, 醋調附, 立消. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Another method: quicklime fried hot and slaked on the ground, seven times over, mixed with vinegar and applied — it disperses at once.

Uigam 醫鑑

2.12.5
Source원문

又方, 細辛ㆍ草烏 等分爲末, 入蚌粉ㆍ猪脂調附腫處. 口含白梅, 置顋邊良久, 腫退出涎, 患消矣. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Another method: asarum and aconite root in equal parts, powdered, mixed with mussel shell powder and lard and applied to the swelling; hold a salted plum in the mouth and keep it beside the swollen jaw a good while, and as the swelling goes down the drool comes out and the trouble disperses.

Dansim 丹心

2.12.6
Source원문

小兒毒氣攻顋, 赤腫可畏, 皂角 二兩, 南星(生) 二錢, 糯米 一合. 右爲末, 薑汁調塗, 立效. 《本事》

Translation영역
Where in a child the toxic qi attacks the jaw and the red swelling is frightening: gleditsia 2 nyang, raw arisaema 2 don, glutinous rice 1 hop. Powder them, mix with ginger juice and smear on — immediately effective.

Bonsa 本事

2.12.7
Source원문

一人頭項偏腫連一目若半壺, 其脉洪大. 戴人曰, 內經云面腫者風, 此風乘陽明經也. 氣血俱多, 風腫宜汗. 先與通聖散去硝黃, 入薑葱豉同煎服, 微汗, 以草莖刺鼻中出血, 其腫立消. 《子和》

Translation영역
A man's head and neck were swollen on one side as far as one eye, like half a pot, and his pulse was surging and large. Zhang Zihe said: the Neijing says a swollen face is wind, and this is wind riding the yang brightness channel; that channel is rich in both qi and blood, and a wind swelling should be sweated. He first gave Sagely Unblocking Powder with the mirabilite and rhubarb removed, decocted with ginger, scallion and fermented soybean, and made him sweat a little; then he pricked inside the nose with a grass stalk to draw blood, and the swelling dispersed at once.

Jahwa 子和

2.13 Miscellaneous Diseases of the Face 面上雜病

2.13.1
Source원문

風刺ㆍ粉刺ㆍ䵟𪑮ㆍ痤疿ㆍ酒齄ㆍ肺風瘡齄瘡詳見鼻門, 皆面上之病. 《入門》

Translation영역
Wind pimples, flour pimples, freckles and dark patches, pimples and prickly heat, wine-nose and lung wind sores wine-nose is treated in detail in the Nose chapter are all diseases of the face.

Immun 入門

2.13.2
Source원문

風客皮膚, 痰漬藏府, 則面生䵟𪑮. 脾肺風濕搏熱則生瘡紅紫或腫, 升麻胃風湯方見上加減用之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where wind lodges in the skin and phlegm soaks the viscera and bowels, freckles and dark patches arise on the face. Where wind and damp in spleen and lung strike against heat, sores arise red or purple, or swellings: Cimicifuga Stomach Wind Decoction formula above is used with additions and subtractions.

Immun 入門

2.13.3
Source원문

面生熱毒瘡癤齄疿, 宜栢連散ㆍ硫黃膏ㆍ白附子散ㆍ淸上防風湯.

Translation영역
Where heat toxin sores, boils, rosacea and prickly heat arise on the face: Phellodendron and Coptis Powder, Sulphur Ointment, Typhonium Powder and Clear the Upper Body Saposhnikovia Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.13.4
Source원문

面生一切風刺ㆍ粉刺ㆍ雀卵斑ㆍ䵟𪑮ㆍ黶子, 宜玉容散ㆍ連翹散ㆍ紅玉散ㆍ玉容西施散ㆍ皇帝塗容金面方ㆍ玉容膏.

Translation영역
For any wind pimples, flour pimples, sparrow-egg freckles, dark patches and black moles arising on the face: Jade Countenance Powder, Forsythia Powder, Red Jade Powder, Jade Countenance Xi Shi Powder, the August Emperor's Formula for Gilding the Countenance, and Jade Countenance Paste.
Clinical note임상 주석
雀卵斑 — sparrow-egg freckles, from the speckling on the shell. The name is the same observation as the English one, and it is still the Korean word for freckles.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.13.5
Source원문

滅面上瘢痕方. 衣中白魚 三七枚, 白石脂 三錢半, 鷹糞白 七錢半, 白附子 二錢半, 白殭蠶 五錢. 右爲末, 猪脂調和, 每夜塗瘢上, 朝洗之. 《類聚》

Translation영역
A formula for removing scars on the face. Silverfish from the clothing 21; halloysite 3 don 5 pun; the white of hawk's droppings 7 don 5 pun; typhonium 2 don 5 pun; silkworm 5 don. Powder them, mix with lard, smear on the scar every night and wash it off in the morning.

Yuchwi 類聚

2.13.6
Source원문

又方 治粉刺. 枯白礬 一兩, 生硫黃ㆍ白附子 各二錢. 右爲末, 津唾調搽, 臨臥上藥, 明早洗去. 《醫鑑》 ○治粉刺及鼻齄. 雄黃ㆍ鉛粉 各一錢, 硫黃 五分. 右爲末, 臨臥乳汁調塗, 明早溫水洗去. 《回春》

Translation영역
Another formula: Treats comedones. Calcined alum 1 nyang, raw sulphur and white aconite 2 don each. Powder them, mix with saliva and rub on; apply the medicine at bedtime and wash it off in the morning. ○ Treats comedones and rosacea of the nose: realgar and white lead 1 don each, sulphur 5 pun. Powder them, mix with breast milk and apply at bedtime, washing off with warm water in the morning.
Clinical note임상 주석
The last of the facial applications and the plainest: a keratolytic in two versions, one for the comedones alone and one that takes in the red nose as well. Alum and sulphur are both genuinely keratolytic, which is why these pastes recur through the section. 津唾調搽 — mixed with one's own saliva — and 乳汁調塗, mixed with breast milk, are the two vehicles, and the choice is not decorative: a paste wanted thin and quickly dry takes saliva, one wanted emollient takes milk. **Both versions carry raw sulphur, and the second adds realgar, an arsenic sulphide, and white lead. Neither must be prepared.** They are to be left on the face overnight, and arsenic and lead are absorbed through skin.

Uigam 醫鑑 · Hoechun 回春

2.14 The Rubbing Method 按摩法

2.14.1
Source원문

熱摩手心, 頻拭額上, 謂之修天庭, 連髮際二三七遍, 面上自然光澤. 所謂手宜在面, 是也. 《養性書》

Translation영역
Rub the palms warm and wipe the forehead often — this is called cultivating heaven's court — carrying it up to the hairline twenty or thirty times, and the face naturally takes on a sheen. What is meant by saying the hands should be on the face is this.
Clinical note임상 주석
手宜在面 — the hands belong on the face. The Body chapter's list of things that should be often done includes it, and like the Nose chapter's 2.17 rubbing of the bridge, it is the one thing in the chapter anyone can try at once.

Yangseongseo 養性書

2.15 Ominous Signs in the Face 面部凶證

2.15.1
Source원문

病人面無光, 齒齦黑者死. 《扁鵲》

Translation영역
Where a patient's face is without lustre and the gums are black, death.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

2.15.2
Source원문

面腫色蒼黑者死. 《扁鵲》

Translation영역
Where the face is swollen and dark grey-black in colour, death.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

2.15.3
Source원문

病人榮衛竭絶, 面浮腫者死. 《扁鵲》 病人面腫色蒼黑者死. 《扁鵲》

Translation영역
Where a patient's construction and defence are exhausted and cut off and the face is puffy and swollen, death. Where a patient's face is swollen and dark grey-black in colour, death.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

2.15.4
Source원문

面黑唇靑者死, 面靑唇黑者亦死. 《華佗》

Translation영역
A black face with green lips means death; a green face with black lips likewise means death.

Hwata 華佗

2.15.5
Source원문

病人黑色出於天中天庭者死. 《華佗》

Translation영역
Where a patient's black colour comes out at heaven's centre and heaven's court, death.

Hwata 華佗

2.15.6
Source원문

人有病面上忽見紅點者, 多死. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where a sick person suddenly shows red spots on the face, death is common.
Clinical note임상 주석
Sudden petechiae on the face of a sick patient. They mean the blood is no longer staying in its vessels, and Danxi's verdict — 多死 — was the right one before there was anything to do about it.

Dansim 丹心

2.16 Simple Medicinals 單方

2.16.1
Source원문

凡三十五種. 有綠雲散.

Translation영역
Thirty-five kinds in all. There is Nokun-san 綠雲散, Green Cloud Powder.
Clinical note임상 주석
The one compounded formula among the simples of this chapter; it is for the hair and is given under its own leaf below.

Donguibogam · Myeon

2.16.2
Source원문

鹽湯 治面上五色瘡. 溫鹽湯綿浸搨瘡, 日五六度, 自差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Salt water (鹽湯): Treats the five-coloured sores on the face. Soak cotton wool in warm salt water and dab the sore with it five or six times a day, and it heals of itself.

Boncho 本草

2.16.3
Source원문

白礬 治粉刺. 白礬末酒調塗之. 《得效》 ○面生紫赤刺癮疹, 白礬ㆍ硫黃 等分ㆍ黃丹少許, 爲末, 津唾調附. 《入門》

Translation영역
Alum (白礬): Treats comedones. Powdered alum mixed with wine and smeared on. ○ For purple-red papules and hidden rash breaking out on the face: alum and sulphur in equal parts with a little red lead, powdered and applied mixed with saliva.
Clinical note임상 주석
粉刺, the flour thorn, is the comedo — the whitehead — and the chapter's dermatology is at its most recognizable in these opening entries. Alum and sulphur are both reasonable topical acne treatments and sulphur still appears in over-the-counter preparations. The red lead in the second method is lead tetroxide and should be left out; the other two drugs carry the formula.

Deukhyo 得效 · Immun 入門

2.16.4
Source원문

蜜佗僧 治面上䵟𪑮斑點. 細硏爲末, 人乳調塗, 每夜用之. 亦令面生光華, 又治面鼻赤疱. 《本草》

Translation영역
Litharge (蜜佗僧): Treats liver spots and blotches on the face. Grind it fine to a powder, mix it with human milk and smear it on, using it every night. It also makes the face shine, and treats red papules on the face and nose.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This must not be prepared.** Litharge is lead monoxide, applied nightly to the face — an occlusive lead compound on skin, every night, for cosmetic purposes. Lead absorbs through skin and accumulates, and lead-containing face powders are a documented cause of chronic poisoning. 面鼻赤疱, red papules on the face and nose, is rosacea, for which there are effective modern treatments.

Boncho 本草

2.16.5
Source원문

石灰 去面上黑子ㆍ瘜肉及粉刺. ○去黶子方: 石灰末水調如稠粥, 揷糯米粒, 經宿米如水精. 先以針尖微動黶子, 置糯米於其上, 經半日, 黶汁自出, 剔去藥, 勿着水. 《本草》

Translation영역
Lime (石灰): Removes black moles, fleshy growths and comedones from the face. ○ Method for removing a mole: mix powdered lime with water to the consistency of thick gruel, insert grains of glutinous rice, and after a night the grains are like crystal. First disturb the mole slightly with the point of a needle, set a rice grain on it, and after half a day the fluid of the mole comes out of itself; pick the medicine away, and let no water touch it.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This is not to be prepared.** A rice grain soaked in caustic lime, applied to a mole that has first been broken with a needle, is a chemical cautery — and it works, in the sense that it destroys tissue. It also leaves a scar, and it destroys the one thing a pathologist would need. A pigmented lesion that is changing is removed by excision and examined; burning one off is how a melanoma is missed.

Boncho 本草

2.16.6
Source원문

漿水 酸者白人膚體如繒帛, 去䵟𪑮黑子. 以煖漿水洗面, 以布揩黑子令痛, 水硏白檀取汁塗之. 《本草》 ○卽粟米粥取淸, 留置味酸者也

Translation영역
Fermented millet water (漿水): The sour kind whitens the skin and body like silk, and removes liver spots and black moles. Wash the face with warm fermented millet water, rub the mole with a cloth until it hurts, and grind sandalwood in water and smear the liquid on. ○ That is, the clear liquid taken from millet gruel and left to turn sour.
Clinical note임상 주석
Soured millet water is a lactic acid solution, so the entry describes a mild chemical exfoliation of the kind still sold as an alpha-hydroxy-acid wash, and the claim that it whitens and smooths the skin is not unreasonable. Rubbing a mole until it hurts is not.

Boncho 本草

2.16.7
Source원문

朱砂 好顔色. 水飛爲末, 井華水點少許服之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cinnabar (朱砂): Improves the complexion. Levigate it in water to a powder, and take a little of it in dawn-drawn well water.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This must not be prepared.** Cinnabar is mercuric sulphide and this entry has it taken internally, over time, for the sake of a good complexion — which is the least defensible indication for a cumulative heavy metal anywhere in the book.

Boncho 本草

2.16.8
Source원문

藜灰 去面上黑痣ㆍ黶子. 取灰和水熬, 以點之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Goosefoot ash (藜灰): Removes black moles and blemishes from the face. Take the ash, mix it with water and boil it down, and dab it on.
Clinical note임상 주석
Plant ash boiled down in water gives a strong potassium carbonate lye, so this and the mulberry ash further down are caustics like the lime above, and the same caution applies.

Boncho 本草

2.16.9
Source원문

菟絲子苗 去面䵟及粉刺斑點. 擣苗取汁, 常塗之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cuscuta shoot (菟絲子苗): Removes liver spots, comedones and blotches from the face. Pound the shoots, take the juice, and smear it on regularly.

Boncho 本草

2.16.10
Source원문

益丹草 入面藥, 令光澤. 五月五日採根葉, 曝乾擣末, 水和作團如雞子大, 大火燒一炊久, 經一伏時取出, 磁器中再硏篩收之. 使如澡豆法, 能去風ㆍ粉刺, 令面悅澤. 《本草》

Translation영역
Motherwort (益丹草): Put into face medicines, it makes the skin lustrous. On the fifth day of the fifth month gather the root and leaves, dry them in the sun, pound them to a powder, mix with water and form balls the size of a hen's egg; burn them in a hot fire for about the time it takes to cook a meal, leave them a full day and night, then take them out, grind them again and sift them in a porcelain vessel and store them. Use it as one uses the washing-bean powder; it is able to remove wind and comedones and make the face fresh and lustrous.
Clinical note임상 주석
澡豆, the washing bean, is the powdered cleanser of the period — ground beans and herbs used as a soap — and this entry is a recipe for one of its ingredients rather than a treatment. The calcining and regrinding produce a fine abrasive powder, which is what a cleansing powder needs.

Boncho 本草

2.16.11
Source원문

瓜蔞根 悅澤人面, 療手面皺. 作粉常塗之, 妙. 《本草》

Translation영역
Trichosanthes root (瓜蔞根): Makes the face fresh and lustrous and cures wrinkling of the hands and face. Make a powder of it and smear it on regularly — excellent.

Boncho 本草

2.16.12
Source원문

白芷 去䵟𪑮疵瘢, 潤澤顔色. 可作面脂常用. 《本草》

Translation영역
Dahurian angelica (白芷): Removes liver spots, blemishes and scars, and makes the complexion moist and lustrous. It may be made into a face cream and used regularly.
Clinical note임상 주석
面脂, the face cream, is a fatty base with drugs worked into it, and this chapter is the one place in the Bogam that treats cosmetics as a therapeutic category in their own right. Dahurian angelica is still in skin preparations; it is also strongly photosensitizing, because of its furanocoumarins, so a cream containing it and sunlight together will darken exactly the pigmentation it is given to lighten.

Boncho 本草

2.16.13
Source원문

生薑汁 治指爪破面. 取汁調輕粉傅之, 更無瘢痕. 《得效》

Translation영역
Ginger juice (生薑汁): Treats a face broken by a fingernail. Take the juice, mix it with calomel and apply, and no scar is left.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Calomel is not to be used.** 輕粉 is mercurous chloride, and applied to broken skin it is absorbed. Ginger juice alone is harmless; the scratch needs nothing but cleaning.

Deukhyo 得效

2.16.14
Source원문

藁本 去䵟皰ㆍ酒㾴ㆍ粉刺, 潤澤顔色. 可作沐藥面脂. 《本草》

Translation영역
Ligusticum root (藁本): Removes liver spots and papules, wine-flush of the nose and comedones, and makes the complexion moist and lustrous. It may be made into a washing medicine or a face cream.
Clinical note임상 주석
酒㾴 is rhinophyma — the thickened red nose of long-standing rosacea, which the tradition attributed to drink and the chapter treats under its own heading. The association with alcohol is weaker than was believed, but the condition is real and responds to modern treatment.

Boncho 本草

2.16.15
Source원문

土瓜根 去面上㾦㿔子. 爲細末, 漿水和勻, 入夜漿水洗面, 附藥, 朝復洗之, 仍得光潤皮急, 百日光華射人. 《本草》

Translation영역
Snake gourd root (土瓜根): Removes warts from the face. Powder it fine, mix it evenly with fermented millet water; at nightfall wash the face with the millet water, apply the medicine, and wash it off again in the morning. The skin becomes lustrous and taut, and in a hundred days its brightness dazzles those who see it.

Boncho 本草

2.16.16
Source원문

白附子 主面上百病, 去䵟𪑮瘢疵. 可入面脂, 或作澡豆用. 《本草》

Translation영역
Typhonium rhizome (白附子): Governs the hundred diseases of the face and removes liver spots, scars and blemishes. It may be put into a face cream, or made up as a washing powder.

Boncho 本草

2.16.17
Source원문

白茯苓 去䵟𪑮及産婦黑院如雀卵色. 爲細末, 蜜和, 常常塗面, 良. 《本草》

Translation영역
Poria (白茯苓): Removes liver spots, and the dark papules of a woman after childbirth that are the colour of a sparrow's egg. Powder it fine, mix it with honey, and smear it on the face regularly — good.
Clinical note임상 주석
産婦黑院 — the dark marks of a woman after childbirth, the colour of a sparrow's egg — is the melasma of pregnancy, the chloasma that darkens across the cheeks and forehead and usually fades over the months after delivery. The chapter notices that it belongs to childbearing, which is the useful observation; poria and honey will not shorten it, and sun protection will.

Boncho 本草

2.16.18
Source원문

桑柴灰 能滅痣疵黑子. 與藜灰淋取汁熬點之, 佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mulberry wood ash (桑柴灰): Is able to efface moles, blemishes and black spots. Steep it with goosefoot ash, take the liquid, boil it down and dab it on — good.

Boncho 本草

2.16.19
Source원문

桑葉 治面上肺毒瘡如大風瘡. 取葉淨洗, 蒸熟日乾爲末, 水調二錢服, 日三, 名綠雲散. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mulberry leaf (桑葉): Treats lung-toxin sores on the face resembling the sores of the great wind. Take the leaves, wash them clean, steam them through, dry them in the sun and powder them; take 2 don stirred into water, three times a day. It is called Nogun-san 綠雲散, Green Cloud Powder.
Clinical note임상 주석
大風 is leprosy, and 如大風瘡 — resembling the sores of the great wind — is the chapter saying that this is not leprosy but looks like it. The comparison is the diagnostic content of the entry: a nodular, infiltrated facial eruption that had to be distinguished from Hansen's disease, which the Bogam treats at length in its 諸瘡 chapter. 綠雲散 is the one formula this section names.

Boncho 本草

2.16.20
Source원문

蜜 常服面如花色, 久服之佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Honey (蜜): Taken regularly it makes the face like the colour of a flower; taken over a long time it is good.

Boncho 本草

2.16.21
Source원문

眞珠 除䵟𪑮斑點, 令面潤澤好顔色. 硏爲粉, 和乳汁常塗之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Pearl (眞珠): Removes liver spots and blotches and makes the face moist, lustrous and well-coloured. Grind it to a powder and smear it on regularly mixed with milk.
Clinical note임상 주석
Pearl powder is calcium carbonate with a little conchiolin, and ground fine it is a mild physical exfoliant and a light-scattering powder — which is most of what a brightening cosmetic does. It remains an expensive ingredient in East Asian skincare for the same reputation recorded here.

Boncho 本草

2.16.22
Source원문

白殭蚕 滅䵟𪑮瘢痕, 令面色好. 爲末常塗之. 又與衣魚ㆍ鷹屎白等分爲末, 和乳汁塗瘢㾗, 便滅. 《本草》

Translation영역
Silkworm (白殭蚕): Effaces liver spots and scars and makes the complexion good. Powder it and smear it on regularly. Or with silverfish and the white of hawk droppings in equal parts, powdered and mixed with milk and smeared on a scar, and it is effaced.

Boncho 本草

2.16.23
Source원문

覆盆子 令人好顔色, 久食之佳. 蓬藟同功. 《本草》

Translation영역
Korean raspberry (覆盆子): Gives a good complexion; eaten over a long time it is good. The bramble has the same power.

Boncho 本草

2.16.24
Source원문

烏梅肉 去黑點黑痣, 蝕惡肉, 和諸藥以點之. 《本草》 ○面生雀子斑, 取梅肉ㆍ櫻桃枝ㆍ猪牙皂角ㆍ紫背浮萍 等分爲末, 如常法洗面, 其斑自去. 《入門》 ○白梅同功

Translation영역
Mume plum flesh (烏梅肉): Removes black spots and black moles and eats away malign flesh; mix it with other medicines and dab it on. ○ For freckles breaking out on the face: plum flesh, cherry twig, pig-tooth soap-pod and purple-backed duckweed in equal parts, powdered, and the face washed with it in the usual way, and the freckles go of themselves. ○ White plum has the same power.

Boncho 本草 · Immun 入門

2.16.25
Source원문

栗皮 栗上薄皮名扶. 擣爲末, 和蜜塗面, 令皮肉急縮, 可展老人面皺. 《本草》

Translation영역
Chestnut skin (栗皮): The thin skin on the chestnut is called the bu. Pound it to a powder, mix it with honey and smear it on the face; it makes the skin and flesh draw up tight and can smooth out an old person's wrinkles.
Clinical note임상 주석
令皮肉急縮 — making the skin and flesh draw up tight — is the tightening effect of a tannin-rich mask as it dries, and it is the mechanism of every astringent face pack since. The effect is real and it is temporary.

Boncho 本草

2.16.26
Source원문

桃花 好顔色, 悅澤人面. 可酒漬飮之. ○面上瘡出黃水, 桃花爲未, 水服一錢, 日三. 《本草》

Translation영역
Peach blossom (桃花): Gives a good complexion and makes the face fresh and lustrous. It may be steeped in wine and drunk. ○ For sores on the face running with a yellow fluid: peach blossom powdered, 1 don taken with water, three times a day.

Boncho 本草

2.16.27
Source원문

杏仁 去面䵟. 擣爲末, 和雞子白, 夜卧塗面, 明早溫酒洗之. ○傷風面腫, 杏仁爛擣附之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Apricot kernel (杏仁): Removes liver spots from the face. Pound it to a powder, mix it with egg white, smear it on the face at bedtime and wash it off with warm wine in the morning. ○ For a face swollen from wind damage: pound apricot kernel to a mash and apply it.

Boncho 本草

2.16.28
Source원문

蔓菁子 取油入面脂用, 去黑䵟. 又細硏入面脂常用, 極去面皺. 《本草》

Translation영역
Turnip seed (蔓菁子): Take the oil and put it into a face cream, and it removes dark liver spots. Or grind it fine, put it into a face cream and use it regularly, and it is excellent for removing wrinkles.

Boncho 本草

2.16.29
Source원문

冬瓜仁 令面光澤好顔色, 去黑癍黑䵟. 可作面脂常用. ○取仁三五升, 去皮擣爲末, 蜜丸, 空心服三十丸. 久服令人白淨如玉. 《本草》

Translation영역
Wax gourd seed (冬瓜仁): Makes the face lustrous and well-coloured and removes dark blotches and liver spots. It may be made into a face cream and used regularly. ○ Take 3 to 5 seung of the seeds, peel them, pound them to a powder, make honey pills and take 30 on an empty stomach. Taken over a long time it makes one white and clear as jade.

Boncho 本草

2.16.30
Source원문

葱白 主傷風面目浮腫. 煎湯飮之, 洗之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Scallion white (葱白): Governs face and eyes puffy and swollen from wind damage. Decoct it and drink the liquid, and wash with it.

Boncho 本草

2.16.31
Source원문

鸕鷀屎 去面上䵟𪑮ㆍ黶痣ㆍ瘢疵ㆍ皰皯ㆍ雀卵斑. 取屎白, 猪脂調塗. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cormorant droppings (鸕鷀屎): Remove liver spots, blemishes and moles, scars, papules and roughness, and freckles from the face. Take the white of the droppings and smear it on mixed with lard.

Boncho 本草

2.16.32
Source원문

熊脂 主面上䵟𪑮黑斑, 悅澤人面. 可塗之, 兼食之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Bear fat (熊脂): Governs liver spots and dark blotches on the face and makes it fresh and lustrous. It may be smeared on and also eaten.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This is not to be used.** All bear species are CITES-listed and trade in their parts is prohibited.

Boncho 本草

2.16.33
Source원문

羖羊膽 主面多䵟𪑮如雀卵色. 取膽和酒煮沸, 以塗拭之, 日三卽差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Ram's gall (羖羊膽): Governs a face thick with liver spots the colour of a sparrow's egg. Take the gall, mix it with wine, bring it to a boil, and smear and wipe it on three times a day, and it is cured.

Boncho 本草

2.16.34
Source원문

大猪蹄 令老人面光澤. 猪蹄一具, 理如食法, 煮漿如膠, 夜以塗面, 曉以漿水洗, 卽面皮急矣. 《本草》

Translation영역
Large pig's trotter (大猪蹄): Makes an old person's face lustrous. One pig's trotter, dressed as for food, boiled until the liquor is like glue; smear it on the face at night and wash it off with fermented millet water at dawn, and the skin of the face draws tight.
Clinical note임상 주석
Boiling a trotter until the liquor sets like glue extracts collagen, and the gel left on the skin overnight is an occlusive film that holds water in it — which is what a hydrating mask does, and why the skin feels taut in the morning. Pig-trotter collagen is still sold for the same purpose, and the mechanism is still the film rather than anything absorbed.

Boncho 本草

2.16.35
Source원문

鹿角 灸爲末, 酒服二錢, 日二, 久服面色如花. ○以漿水濃磨如泥, 塗面, 令不皺, 兼去瘡皰, 光華可愛. ○年少氣盛, 面生皰瘡, 麋鹿脂塗之, 卽差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Deer antler (鹿角): Roasted and powdered, 2 don taken in wine twice a day, and taken over a long time the complexion becomes like a flower. ○ Ground thickly with fermented millet water to a paste and smeared on the face, it keeps it from wrinkling and also removes sores and papules, and the brightness is lovely. ○ Where one is young and the qi is vigorous and papular sores break out on the face: smear on elk or deer fat and it is cured.
Clinical note임상 주석
年少氣盛, 面生皰瘡 — young, the qi vigorous, papular sores on the face — is acne vulgaris, correctly attributed to youth and vigour rather than to any evil, and the chapter is content to leave the aetiology there. The treatment offered is an animal fat, which on acne-prone skin is the one thing most likely to make it worse.

Boncho 本草

2.16.36
Source원문

一方 被打頭面靑腫, 羊肉ㆍ牛肉或猪肉灸令熱, 貼腫上, 卽愈. 《本草》

Translation영역
Another method (一方): For the head and face bruised and swollen from a blow: mutton, beef or pork roasted hot and laid on the swelling, and it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section closes on the meat laid on a bruise, which is where it is remembered from outside medicine entirely. Warmth on a day-old bruise is reasonable; in the first hours cold does more, and a head injury with swelling needs assessing before anything is laid on it.

Boncho 本草

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Outer Form, Volume 1, Face chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.