寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

The Head

Du

한글 두  ·  Pinyin Tou

The heavenly valley where the spirit lodges — a headache sorted by channel, by cause and by the hour it comes, and the one kind that kills before evening

頭

The head is the heavenly valley, the hollow where the original spirit lives, and the brain is the sea of marrow: short of marrow, the Lingshu says, the head spins and the ears ring and the eyes see nothing. What follows is the longest piece of differential reasoning in the Bogam. Headache is divided three ways at once. By channel: greater yang at the back of the head, yang brightness at the forehead, lesser yang at the temples, each with its own guiding medicinal, and chuanxiong under all of them because it reaches the vertex. By cause: wind cold, damp heat, phlegm reversal, qi reversal, heat reversal, damp reversal, blood vacuity, and drink. And by behaviour — which is where the chapter is sharpest. A heat headache eases in cold air and returns by the fire; a cold one is the reverse; one that comes a day before the wind changes is head wind; one after washing the hair is head wind of the first kind; one over three months old is no longer a headache but a wind. Dizziness gets the same treatment, divided into wind, heat, phlegm, qi, vacuity and damp, with Danxi's rule over all of it: without phlegm there is no dizziness. At the end stands the one entry that admits defeat — true headache, where the pain fills the whole skull and the cold runs up to the elbows and knees, and the patient dies the same day.

1.1 The Head Is the Heavenly Valley Where the Spirit Is Stored 頭爲天谷以藏神

1.1.1
Source원문

谷者, 天谷也; 神者, 一身之元神也. 天之谷含造化, 容虛空; 地之谷容萬物, 載山川. 人與天地同所稟, 亦有谷焉. 其谷藏眞一, 宅元神. 是以頭有九宮, 上應九天. 中間一宮, 謂之泥丸, 又曰黃庭, 又名崑崙, 又謂天谷, 其名頗多, 乃元神所住之宮. 其空如谷, 而神居之, 故謂之谷神. 神存則生, 神去則死. 日則接於物, 夜則接於夢, 神不能安其居也. 黃帝內經曰, 天谷元神守之自眞. 言人身中, 上有天谷泥丸, 藏神之府也; 中有應谷絳宮, 藏氣之府也; 下有虛谷關元, 藏精之府也. 天谷, 元宮也, 乃元神之室, 靈性之所存, 是神之要也. 《正理》

Translation영역
The valley is the heavenly valley; the spirit is the original spirit of the whole body. Heaven's valley holds creation and transformation and contains the void; earth's valley contains the ten thousand things and carries mountains and rivers. A person shares the same endowment as heaven and earth, and so has a valley too. That valley stores the true unity and houses the original spirit. Therefore the head has nine palaces, answering above to the nine heavens; the one in the middle is called the mud pellet, also the yellow court, also Kunlun, also the heavenly valley — it has a good many names — and it is the palace where the original spirit dwells. Its hollow is like a valley and the spirit lives in it, so it is called the valley spirit. Where the spirit remains there is life; where it departs, death. By day it meets with things and by night with dreams, and the spirit cannot rest quiet in its dwelling. The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic says: the heavenly valley — the original spirit guards it and keeps itself true. That is to say, in a person's body there is above the heavenly valley, the mud pellet, which is the palace that stores the spirit; in the middle the answering valley, the crimson palace, which is the palace that stores the qi; and below the empty valley, Gwanwon, which is the palace that stores the essence. The heavenly valley is the original palace, the chamber of the original spirit and where the numinous nature is kept — and it is the essential thing about the spirit.
Clinical note임상 주석
泥丸 — the mud pellet, the Daoist name for the centre of the brain, which the Nose chapter's 2.2 reached from the other direction. 日則接於物, 夜則接於夢 is the chapter's one line about what wears the head out: it is busy awake and busy asleep. The three valleys that close the passage set out the body the rest of the Inner Form volumes assume — spirit in the head, qi in the chest at the crimson palace, essence below at Gwanwon — and they are the three fields of cinnabar under other names. The head gets the first of them, which is the chapter's warrant for opening the Outer Form with it.

Jeongni 正理

1.2 The Head Has Nine Palaces 頭有九宮

1.2.1
Source원문

頭有九宮, 腦有九瓣. 一曰雙丹宮, 二曰明堂宮, 三曰泥丸宮, 四曰流珠宮, 五曰大帝宮, 六曰天庭宮, 七曰極眞宮, 八曰玄丹宮, 九曰太皇宮. 各有神以主之, 謂之元首九宮眞人也. 《黃庭》

Translation영역
The head has nine palaces and the brain nine lobes: the first is the twin cinnabar palace, the second the bright hall palace, the third the mud pellet palace, the fourth the flowing pearl palace, the fifth the great emperor palace, the sixth the heavenly court palace, the seventh the ultimate truth palace, the eighth the mysterious cinnabar palace, the ninth the great august palace. Each has a spirit that governs it, and they are called the perfected ones of the nine palaces of the head.

Hwangjeonggyeong 黃庭經

1.2.2
Source원문

問, 泥丸宮正在何處. 答曰, 頭有九宮, 中曰泥丸. 九宮羅列, 七竅應透泥丸之宮, 魂魄之穴也. 《正理》

Translation영역
Question: where exactly is the mud pellet palace? Answer: the head has nine palaces, and the middle one is the mud pellet. The nine palaces are set out in ranks, and the seven orifices should open through to the mud pellet palace — it is the cave of the ethereal and corporeal souls.

Jeongni 正理

1.3 The Brain Is the Sea of Marrow 腦爲髓海

1.3.1
Source원문

腦爲髓之海. 髓海有餘則輕勁多力; 不足則腦轉耳鳴, 脛痠眩冒, 目無所見. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The brain is the sea of marrow. Where the sea of marrow is in surplus the body is light and vigorous and strong; where it is insufficient, the head spins and the ears ring, the shins ache, there is dizziness and clouding, and the eyes see nothing.
Clinical note임상 주석
腦轉耳鳴, 脛痠眩冒, 目無所見 — the head spinning, ears ringing, shins aching, eyes seeing nothing. The Bone chapter's 11.2 and the Ear chapter's 1.4.2 both quote this; it is the classical picture of the old or depleted body, and nothing in the chapter reverses it.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.3.2
Source원문

腦者髓之海, 諸髓皆屬於腦. 故上至腦, 下至尾骶, 皆精髓升降之道路也. 《入門》

Translation영역
The brain is the sea of marrow and all the marrow belongs to the brain; so from the brain above to the coccyx below is the road by which the essence and marrow rise and fall.

Immun 入門

1.3.3
Source원문

髓者骨之充也. 髓傷則腦髓消爍, 體解懈然不去也. 註曰, 不去者, 不能行去也. 《內經》

Translation영역
The marrow is what fills the bone. Where the marrow is damaged the brain marrow melts away and the body is slack and loose and does not move. The commentary says: not moving means not able to walk away.

Naegyeong 內經

1.3.4
Source원문

腦者頭之盖骨也, 百會穴分是也.

Translation영역
The brain is the covering bone of the head, and the point Baekhoe marks it.

Donguibogam · Du

1.4 The Measurements of the Head 頭部度數

1.4.1
Source원문

頭之大骨圍二尺六寸. 髮所覆者, 顱至項, 二尺二寸. 髮以下至頤, 長一尺. 耳後當完骨者, 廣九寸; 耳前當耳門者, 廣一尺三寸. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The great bone of the head is two cheok six chon round. What the hair covers, from the skull to the nape, is two cheok two chon. From the hairline down to the chin is one cheok. Behind the ears at the mastoids it is nine chon across; before the ears at the ear gate it is one cheok three chon across.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.5 The Outer Signs of Head Disease 頭病外候

1.5.1
Source원문

頭者精明之府. 頭傾視深, 精神將奪矣. 《內經》

Translation영역
The head is the house of the essence and brightness; where the head droops and the gaze is sunken, the essence-spirit is about to be taken away.
Clinical note임상 주석
頭傾視深 — the head hanging forward and the eyes sunk back. Two things visible across a room in a patient who is failing, and the Suwen names them before any pulse is taken.

Naegyeong 內經

1.5.2
Source원문

傷寒頭重不能擧有二證: 太陽病深, 頭重不能擧; 陰陽易病, 亦頭重不能擧. 皆危證也. 《入門》

Translation영역
In cold damage a head too heavy to lift has two patterns: the greater yang disease gone deep, and the yin-yang exchange disease; both are critical.

Immun 入門

1.5.3
Source원문

傷寒陽脉不和則頭爲之搖, 有心藏絶者亦搖頭, 痓病風盛則搖頭, 皆凶證也. 《入門》

Translation영역
In cold damage, where the yang pulse is not harmonious the head shakes for it; where the heart viscus is cut off the head likewise shakes; where in tetany the wind is exuberant the head shakes — all are ominous signs.

Immun 入門

1.5.4
Source원문

有裏痛而搖頭者, 亦重證也. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where there is pain within and the head shakes, it is likewise a grave sign.
Clinical note임상 주석
The transcription sets this as a fourth ○-item with its own 《入門》 mark, and it was previously run together with the passage above, which lost one of the section's four source marks. The section carries 內經 once and 入門 three times; the count is now exact.

Immun 入門

1.6 The Pulse 脉法

1.6.1
Source원문

病若頭痛目痛, 脉急短澁者死. 《綱目》 頭痛浮滑易除, 短澁不愈. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the disease is headache with painful eyes and the pulse is urgent, short and rough, death. In headache a floating slippery pulse is easily removed; a short rough one does not heal.

Gangmok 綱目 · Deukhyo 得效

1.6.2
Source원문

頭痛短澁應須死, 浮滑風痰必易除. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
Headache with a short rough pulse — death must be expected; floating and slippery, it is wind phlegm and surely easy to remove.
Clinical note임상 주석
The same judgment as the two lines above it, now in verse — the Maekgyeol puts its rules into rhymed couplets to be memorised, and the Bogam prints both the prose and the verse rather than choosing.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.6.3
Source원문

陽脉弦者, 頭痛無疑. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
Where the yang pulse is stringlike, headache beyond doubt.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.6.4
Source원문

肝脉溢大, 必眩暈, 宜預防之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the liver pulse overflows and is large, there will surely be dizziness; it should be guarded against in advance.
Clinical note임상 주석
宜預防之 — guard against it in advance. The one line in the section that treats the pulse as a warning rather than a diagnosis: the liver pulse is read before the dizziness arrives.

Immun 入門

1.6.5
Source원문

寸口脉中短者, 頭痛也. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where the pulse at the inch opening is short in the middle, it is headache.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.6.6
Source원문

寸口緊急, 或浮或短或弦, 皆主頭痛. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
An inch opening that is tight and urgent, whether floating or short or stringlike, governs headache in every case.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.6.7
Source원문

頭痛, 陽弦浮風, 緊寒, 風熱洪數, 濕細而堅. 氣虛頭痛, 雖弦必澁; 痰厥則滑, 腎厥堅實. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
In headache: a stringlike yang pulse that floats is wind, tight is cold, wind heat is surging and rapid, damp is fine and firm. In qi vacuity headache, though stringlike it will be rough; in phlegm reversal it is slippery, and in kidney reversal firm and replete.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.6.8
Source원문

風寒暑濕, 氣鬱生涎, 下虛上實, 皆暈而眩. 風浮寒緊, 濕細暑虛, 涎弦而滑, 虛脉則無. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
Wind, cold, summerheat and damp; qi depressed engendering drool; vacuity below with repletion above — all make dizziness and spinning. Wind is floating and cold tight, damp fine and summerheat empty, drool stringlike and slippery, and the vacuity pulse is barely there.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.6.9
Source원문

腎厥頭痛, 其脉擧之則弦, 按之則堅. 《丹心》

Translation영역
In kidney reversal headache the pulse is stringlike when lifted to and firm when pressed down on.
Clinical note임상 주석
A pulse read at two depths to name one pattern, and it is the section's most specific instruction: stringlike at the surface, firm underneath. 腎厥頭痛 has its own section at 1.24.

Dansim 丹心

1.6.10
Source원문

頭痛, 左手脉數熱也, 脉澁有死血也; 右手脉實有痰積也, 脉大是久病. 《丹心》

Translation영역
In headache, a rapid pulse on the left hand is heat and a rough one means dead blood; a replete pulse on the right means accumulated phlegm, and a large one means long illness.

Dansim 丹心

1.7 The Pattern of Head Wind 頭風證

1.7.1
Source원문

頭風之證, 素有痰飮, 或櫛沐取凉, 或久臥當風, 以致賊風入腦入項. 自頸以上, 耳目口鼻眉稜之間, 有麻痺不仁之處, 或頭重, 或頭暈, 或頭皮頑厚不自覺知, 或口舌不仁不知食味, 或耳聾, 或目痛, 或眉稜上下掣痛, 或鼻中聞香極香聞臭極臭, 或只呵欠而作眩冒之狀. 熱者消風散, 冷者追風散, 通用川芎茶調散方見下ㆍ祛風通氣散方見風門. 《入門》

Translation영역
In the pattern of head wind, phlegm rheum is long present, or one combs and washes the hair and then takes the cool, or lies long in a draught, so that a thief wind enters the brain and the nape. From the neck upward — between the ears, eyes, mouth, nose and brow ridge — there are places numb and without feeling; or the head is heavy, or dizzy, or the scalp is thick and dull and does not feel itself; or the mouth and tongue are numb and do not know the taste of food; or there is deafness, or eye pain, or a drawing pain above and below the brow; or a scent smelled is extremely strong and a stench extremely foul; or there is only yawning with a look of dizzy clouding. For the hot kind, Disperse Wind Powder; for the cold, Chase Out Wind Powder; for general use, Chuanxiong Tea-Stirred Powder formula below and Dispel Wind and Free the Qi Powder formula in the Wind chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
聞香極香, 聞臭極臭 — a scent smelled as overpoweringly strong, a stench as overpoweringly foul. Osmophobia and sensory amplification, which are among the best-recognized features of migraine and which the Immun lists among the ordinary signs of head wind.

Immun 入門

1.7.2
Source원문

頭風發時悶痛, 必欲綿帕包裹者, 熱鬱也. 二陳湯方見痰飮加酒芩ㆍ荊芥ㆍ川芎ㆍ薄荷ㆍ石膏ㆍ細辛, 或消風百解散方見寒門. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where on breaking out the head wind is oppressive and painful and one must have it bound up in a cotton cloth, it is depressed heat: Two Matured Ingredients Decoction formula in the Phlegm chapter with wine-fried scutellaria, schizonepeta, chuanxiong, mint, gypsum and asarum added, or Disperse Wind Hundred Resolutions Powder formula in the Cold Damage chapter.

Immun 入門

1.7.3
Source원문

頭風宜白芷散ㆍ天香散ㆍ加減芎辛湯ㆍ菊花茶調散. 婦人頭風宜養血祛風湯.

Translation영역
For head wind: Angelica Dahurica Powder, Heavenly Fragrance Powder, Modified Chuanxiong and Asarum Decoction and Chrysanthemum Tea-Stirred Powder. For a woman's head wind, Nourish the Blood and Dispel Wind Decoction.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8 Dizziness 眩暈

1.8.1
Source원문

上虛則眩. 又曰, 上氣不足, 目爲之眩此言虛而眩暈.

Translation영역
Where above is vacuous there is dizziness. It is also said: where the qi above is insufficient, the eyes are dizzy for it this speaks of dizziness from vacuity.

Naegyeong 內經

1.8.2
Source원문

藏府筋骨血氣之精, 與脉幷爲目系, 上屬於腦, 後出於項中. 故邪中於項, 因逢其身之虛, 其入深則隨眼系以入於腦. 入於腦則腦轉, 腦轉則引目系急, 目系急則目眩以轉矣此言風入而眩暈. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The essence of the viscera and bowels, sinews and bones, blood and qi, together with the vessels, makes the eye's connection, which attaches above to the brain and issues behind at the middle of the nape. So where an evil strikes the nape and meets with a vacuity of the body, if it enters deep it follows the eye's connection into the brain; entering the brain the brain turns, the brain turning draws the eye's connection tight, and the eye's connection tight, the eyes are dizzy and spin this speaks of dizziness from wind entering.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.8.3
Source원문

內經曰, 頭痛巓疾, 下虛上實, 過在足少陰巨陽, 甚則入腎. ○徇蒙招尤, 目眩耳聾, 下實上虛, 過在足少陽厥陰, 甚則入肝. ○下虛者, 腎虛也, 腎虛則頭痛; 上虛者, 肝虛也, 肝虛則頭暈. 徇蒙者, 如以物蒙其首; 招搖不定, 目眩耳聾, 皆暈之狀也. 肝厥頭暈, 腎厥巓痛, 不同如此. 《綱目》

Translation영역
The Neijing says: headache and disease of the vertex, with vacuity below and repletion above — the fault lies in the foot lesser yin and the great yang, and in a severe case it enters the kidney. ○ Veiled sight and unsteady swaying, dizzy eyes and deaf ears, with repletion below and vacuity above — the fault lies in the foot lesser yang and reverting yin, and in a severe case it enters the liver. ○ Vacuity below is kidney vacuity, and kidney vacuity gives headache; vacuity above is liver vacuity, and liver vacuity gives a dizzy head. 徇蒙 is as though something were thrown over the head; swaying without being steady, dizzy eyes and deaf ears are all forms of dizziness. Liver reversal with a dizzy head and kidney reversal with pain at the vertex differ in just this way.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section's one attempt to separate headache from dizziness by level rather than by cause: vacuity below with repletion above gives pain at the top of the head and belongs to the kidney; repletion below with vacuity above gives dizziness and belongs to the liver. 徇蒙, something thrown over the head, is as good a description of the greying-out before a faint as the vocabulary allows.

Gangmok 綱目

1.8.4
Source원문

內經曰, 諸風掉眩, 皆屬於肝. 河間曰, 掉, 搖也; 眩, 昏亂旋運也. 風主動故也. 所謂風氣動而頭目眩運者, 由風木旺, 必是金衰不能制木, 而木復生火, 風火皆屬陽, 多爲兼化. 陽主乎動, 兩動相搏, 則頭目爲之眩暈而旋轉矣. 火本動也, 焰得風則自旋轉. 人或乘舟車及作環舞而眩暈者, 其動不止而左右紆曲. 故經曰, 曲直動搖, 風之用也. 眩暈而嘔吐者, 風熱甚故也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: all wind, shaking and dizziness belong to the liver. Hejian says: 掉 is shaking, 眩 is clouded confusion and spinning, and it is because wind governs movement. That the wind qi stirring makes the head and eyes spin comes of the wind wood flourishing, which must mean the metal has declined and cannot restrain the wood, and the wood in turn engenders fire; wind and fire both belong to yang and often transform together. Yang governs movement, and two movements striking against each other make the head and eyes dizzy and turning. Fire is by nature moving, and a flame given wind turns of itself. That a person riding in a boat or cart, or dancing in a ring, grows dizzy is because the movement does not stop and bends left and right. So the classic says: bending and straightening, moving and shaking, are the working of wind. That dizziness comes with vomiting is because the wind heat is severe.
Clinical note임상 주석
乘舟車及作環舞而眩暈 — dizzy from a boat or a cart or from spinning in a dance. Liu Wansu uses motion sickness and the giddiness of turning as his evidence that movement itself produces vertigo, which is as close to a physiological argument as the tradition gets here.

Hagan 河間

1.8.5
Source원문

眩暈或云眩冒. 眩言其黑, 暈言其轉, 冒言其昏, 其義一也. 《入門》

Translation영역
Dizziness is also called clouding: 眩 speaks of the blackness, 暈 of the turning, 冒 of the clouding, and the sense of them is one.

Immun 入門

1.8.6
Source원문

眩暈者, 中風之漸也. 肥白人, 四君子湯方見氣門倍蜜灸黃芪加半夏ㆍ陳皮, 少加川芎ㆍ荊芥以淸頭目; 黑瘦人, 二陳湯方見痰飮合四物湯方見血門加片芩ㆍ薄荷, 入竹瀝ㆍ薑汁ㆍ童便服. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Dizziness is wind strike coming on by degrees. In a stout pale person, Four Gentlemen Decoction formula in the Qi chapter with the honey-fried astragalus doubled and pinellia and tangerine peel added, with a little chuanxiong and schizonepeta to clear the head and eyes. In a dark thin person, Two Matured Ingredients Decoction formula in the Phlegm chapter combined with Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with sliced scutellaria and mint added, taken with bamboo sap, ginger juice and child's urine.
Clinical note임상 주석
眩暈者, 中風之漸也 — dizziness is a stroke coming on by degrees. The chapter takes vertigo seriously for that reason, and the Jeongjeon's division by build — stout and pale against dark and thin — is how it chooses between supplementing and draining.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.8.7
Source원문

眩暈皆稱爲上盛下虛. 盖虛者氣與血也, 實者痰涎風火也. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Dizziness is always called fullness above with vacuity below. What is vacuous is the qi and blood; what is replete is phlegm drool, wind and fire.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.8.8
Source원문

眩暈者, 痰因火動也. 盖無痰不能作眩, 雖因風者亦必有痰. 《丹心》 痰在上火在下, 火炎上而動其痰, 二陳湯加酒芩ㆍ梔子ㆍ黃連ㆍ蒼朮ㆍ羌活. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Dizziness is phlegm stirred by fire. Without phlegm dizziness cannot be made, and even where wind is the cause there must also be phlegm. Phlegm above and fire below, the fire flaming up and stirring the phlegm: Two Matured Ingredients Decoction with wine-fried scutellaria, gardenia, coptis, atractylodes lancea and notopterygium added.
Clinical note임상 주석
無痰不能作眩 — without phlegm there is no dizziness. Danxi's rule, and it governs the six sections that follow: every kind of dizziness here has a phlegm formula in it somewhere.

Dansim 丹心

1.8.9
Source원문

眩暈有風, 有熱, 有痰, 有氣, 有虛, 有濕.

Translation영역
Dizziness has wind, heat, phlegm, qi, vacuity and damp.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8.1 Wind Dizziness 風暈

1.8.1.1
Source원문

傷風眩暈, 惡風自汗, 或素有頭風而發作, 宜川芎散ㆍ芎藭散.

Translation영역
In dizziness from wind damage there is aversion to wind and spontaneous sweating, or it breaks out where head wind is long present: Chuanxiong Powder and Chuanxiong Powder are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8.2 Heat Dizziness 熱暈

1.8.2.1
Source원문

火熱上攻, 煩渴引飮, 或暑月熱盛, 宜大黃散ㆍ荊黃湯.

Translation영역
Where fire heat attacks upward with vexing thirst and drinking, or in the summer months when the heat is at its height: Rhubarb Powder and Schizonepeta and Rhubarb Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8.3 Phlegm Dizziness 痰暈

1.8.3.1
Source원문

痰盛嘔吐, 頭重不擧. 眩而悸是飮, 宜半夏茯苓湯卽茯苓半夏湯, 方見痰飮ㆍ澤瀉湯.

Translation영역
The phlegm exuberant with vomiting and the head too heavy to lift. Dizziness with palpitation is rheum: Pinellia and Poria Decoction that is, Poria and Pinellia Decoction, formula in the Phlegm chapter and Alisma Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8.4 Qi Dizziness 氣暈

1.8.4.1
Source원문

七情過傷, 氣鬱生涎, 痰涎迷塞心竅而眩暈, 眉稜骨痛, 眼不可開, 宜玉液湯ㆍ補虛飮.

Translation영역
Where the seven affects damage beyond measure, the qi is depressed and engenders drool, and the phlegm drool confuses and blocks the heart's orifice so that there is dizziness, pain of the brow ridge and the eyes cannot be opened: Jade Fluid Decoction and Supplement the Vacuity Drink are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8.5 Vacuity Dizziness 虛暈

1.8.5.1
Source원문

內傷氣虛而暈, 宜補中益氣湯方見內傷; 失血過多而暈, 宜芎歸湯方見婦人. 虛暈宜香橘飮ㆍ滋陰健脾湯.

Translation영역
Where internal damage with qi vacuity makes dizziness, Supplement the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction formula in the Internal Damage chapter; where it is from losing too much blood, Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction formula in the Women chapter. For vacuity dizziness, Costus and Tangerine Drink and Enrich the Yin and Fortify the Spleen Decoction.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8.5.2
Source원문

老人每早起眩暈, 須臾自定, 此是陽虛, 宜黑錫丹方見入門. 腎虛氣不歸元, 宜十全大補湯方見虛勞.

Translation영역
Where an old person is dizzy each morning on rising and it settles of itself after a little while, it is yang vacuity: Black Tin Elixir is appropriate. Where the kidney is vacuous and the qi does not return to its origin, Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
每早起眩暈, 須臾自定 — dizzy on rising each morning and settled again in a moment. Postural dizziness on standing, described exactly, and the chapter reads it as yang too weak to follow the body up.

Donguibogam · Du

1.8.6 Damp Dizziness 濕暈

1.8.6.1
Source원문

冒雨傷濕, 鼻塞聲重而暈, 宜芎朮湯.

Translation영역
Where being caught in the rain damages with damp and there is a blocked nose, a heavy voice and dizziness: Chuanxiong and Atractylodes Decoction is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.9 The Head and Eyes Not Clear and Free 頭目不淸利

1.9.1
Source원문

此由風濕熱痰涎鬱于精明之府, 故頭目不爲淸爽. 宜川芎丸ㆍ防風散ㆍ川芎散ㆍ沃雪湯ㆍ淸神養榮湯.

Translation영역
This comes of wind, damp, heat and phlegm drool depressed in the house of essence and brightness, so that the head and eyes are not clear and fresh. Chuanxiong Pill, Saposhnikovia Powder, Chuanxiong Powder, Snow-Watering Decoction and Clear the Spirit and Nourish the Construction Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.10 Headache Proper 正頭痛

1.10.1
Source원문

凡手之三陽從手走頭, 足之三陽從頭走足, 是手與足六陽之脉俱上于頭面也. 《靈樞》 三陽有頭痛, 三陰無頭痛, 惟厥陰脉與督脉會於巓, 故有頭痛; 少陰亦有頭痛, 但稀少耳. 《活人》

Translation영역
The three hand yang channels run from the hand to the head and the three foot yang channels from the head to the foot, so the six yang channels of hand and foot all rise to the head and face. The three yang have headache and the three yin have not; only the reverting yin channel meets the governing vessel at the vertex, and so has headache, and the lesser yin has headache too, but rarely.

Yeongchu 靈樞 · Hwarin 活人

1.10.2
Source원문

頭痛多主於痰, 痛甚者火多也. 有可吐者, 亦有可下者. 諸經氣滯亦作頭痛. 《丹心》 頭痛連眼痛, 此風痰上攻, 須用白芷開之. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Headache mostly belongs to phlegm, and where the pain is severe there is much fire; some may be ejected and some purged. Qi stagnant in any channel also makes headache. Where the headache reaches the eyes it is wind phlegm attacking upward, and angelica dahurica must be used to open it.

Dansim 丹心

1.10.3
Source원문

頭痛通治宜川芎茶調散ㆍ一字輕金散ㆍ如聖餠子ㆍ七生丸.

Translation영역
For the general treatment of headache: Chuanxiong Tea-Stirred Powder, One Character Light Gold Powder, Sagelike Cake and Seven Raw Ingredients Pill.

Donguibogam · Du

1.10.4
Source원문

頭痛須用川芎, 如不愈各加引經藥: 太陽羌活, 陽明白芷, 少陽柴胡, 太陰蒼朮, 少陰細辛, 厥陰吳茱萸. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For headache chuanxiong must be used; if it does not heal, add the channel-guiding medicinal for each: notopterygium for the greater yang, angelica dahurica for the yang brightness, bupleurum for the lesser yang, atractylodes lancea for the greater yin, asarum for the lesser yin, evodia for the reverting yin.
Clinical note임상 주석
One base medicinal and six guides. It is the most compact piece of practical teaching in the chapter, and 1.22 expands it into a full set of channel patterns.

Dansim 丹心

1.10.5
Source원문

頭痛有正頭痛ㆍ偏頭痛ㆍ風寒頭痛ㆍ濕熱頭痛ㆍ厥逆頭痛ㆍ痰厥頭痛ㆍ熱厥頭痛ㆍ濕厥頭痛ㆍ氣厥頭痛ㆍ眞頭痛ㆍ醉後頭痛.

Translation영역
Headache has: headache proper, one-sided headache, wind cold headache, damp heat headache, reversal headache, phlegm reversal headache, heat reversal headache, damp reversal headache, qi reversal headache, true headache, and headache after drink.

Donguibogam · Du

1.10.6
Source원문

婦人頭痛, 宜養血祛風湯方見上ㆍ四神散.

Translation영역
For a woman's headache, Nourish the Blood and Dispel Wind Decoction formula above and Four Spirits Powder are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.10.7
Source원문

又腦風證ㆍ首風證, 別見于下.

Translation영역
The brain wind pattern and the head wind pattern are given separately below.

Donguibogam · Du

1.10.8
Source원문

炭氣熏人亦作頭痛治法見蘿葍條下.

Translation영역
Charcoal fumes steaming a person also make headache the treatment is under the radish entry.
Clinical note임상 주석
Carbon monoxide poisoning, listed among the causes of headache, with radish juice as the remedy. The cause is correctly observed even though nothing in the treatment answers it.

Donguibogam · Du

1.10.9
Source원문

足太陽之脉, 上額交巓, 直入絡腦, 別下項. 其病衝頭痛, 目似脫, 項似拔, 卽正頭痛也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The vessel of the foot greater yang rises to the forehead, crosses at the vertex, enters straight in to net the brain and branches down the nape. Its disease is a headache that surges upward, the eyes as though they would come out and the nape as though it were being pulled off — and this is headache proper.
Clinical note임상 주석
The channel sentence that closes the section, and it is the chapter's definition of 正頭痛 by its anatomy rather than by its cause. 目似脫, 項似拔 — the eyes as though starting out, the nape as though pulled off — is the Lingshu's language for the greater-yang headache, and it still reads like a description of meningism.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.11 One-Sided Headache 偏頭痛

1.11.1
Source원문

偏頭痛者, 頭半邊痛者是也. 《丹心》 如頭半寒痛者, 偏頭痛也. 《丹心》

Translation영역
One-sided headache is pain in half the head. Where half the head is cold and painful, it is one-sided headache.

Dansim 丹心

1.11.2
Source원문

偏頭痛在右屬痰屬熱, 痰用蒼朮ㆍ半夏, 熱用酒製片芩; 在左屬風屬血虛, 風用荊芥ㆍ薄荷, 血用芎ㆍ歸ㆍ芍藥ㆍ酒黃栢. 《丹心》

Translation영역
One-sided headache on the right belongs to phlegm and to heat — for phlegm use atractylodes lancea and pinellia, for heat wine-processed sliced scutellaria. On the left it belongs to wind and to blood vacuity — for wind use schizonepeta and mint, for blood chuanxiong, angelica, peony and wine-fried phellodendron.

Dansim 丹心

1.11.3
Source원문

偏頭痛在右, 二陳湯加川芎ㆍ白芷ㆍ防風ㆍ荊芥ㆍ薄荷ㆍ升麻; 在左, 二陳湯合四物湯加防風ㆍ荊芥ㆍ薄荷ㆍ細辛ㆍ蔓荊子ㆍ柴胡ㆍ酒芩. 《正傳》

Translation영역
For one-sided headache on the right, Two Matured Ingredients Decoction with chuanxiong, angelica dahurica, saposhnikovia, schizonepeta, mint and cimicifuga added; on the left, Two Matured Ingredients Decoction combined with Four Substances Decoction, with saposhnikovia, schizonepeta, mint, asarum, vitex fruit, bupleurum and wine-fried scutellaria added.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Jeongjeon turns the previous passage's single drugs into two prescriptions, and the logic is visible in the base: the right side gets the phlegm formula alone, the left side gets the phlegm formula combined with the blood formula.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.11.4
Source원문

頭風之甚者久則目昏, 偏頭痛者屬少陽相火, 久則目束小, 大便秘澁, 皆宜出血而大下之. 《子和》

Translation영역
Where head wind is severe, in time the eyes grow dim; one-sided headache belongs to the lesser yang's ministerial fire, and in time the eye narrows and the stool is bound and rough — both should be bled and strongly purged.
Clinical note임상 주석
久則目束小 — in time the eye on that side narrows. Ptosis and a constricted pupil on the painful side, which is the picture of a cluster headache, and the chapter has noticed that it goes with long-standing one-sided pain.

Jahwa 子和

1.11.5
Source원문

偏頭痛年久, 大便燥, 目赤眩暈者, 此肺乘肝, 氣鬱血壅而然, 宜大承氣湯方見寒門下之. 外用大黃ㆍ芒硝爲末, 井底泥調貼兩太陽穴乃愈. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a one-sided headache of many years' standing comes with dry stool, red eyes and dizziness, it is the lung overwhelming the liver, the qi depressed and the blood congested; Major Order the Qi Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter is used to purge it. Externally, rhubarb and mirabilite powdered and stirred into mud from the bottom of a well, applied to both Taeyang points, and it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
The purging line of treatment that the previous passage's 大下之 implies, with the formula named. The external application is cold and wet on the temples, which for a migraine is at least in the right place; the mud from the bottom of a well is there for its coldness.

Immun 入門

1.11.6
Source원문

偏頭痛宜川芎茶調散ㆍ一字輕金散ㆍ川芎散ㆍ芎犀元ㆍ㗜鼻法. 《入門》

Translation영역
For one-sided headache: Chuanxiong Tea-Stirred Powder, One Character Light Gold Powder, Chuanxiong Powder, Chuanxiong and Rhinoceros Horn Pill and the nasal insufflation method.

Immun 入門

1.11.7
Source원문

足少陽之脉起目銳眥, 上抵頭角, 其病頭角額痛, 此偏頭痛也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The foot lesser yang's channel rises at the outer canthus and goes up to the corner of the head; its disease is pain of the head's corner and forehead, and this is one-sided headache.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.12 Wind Cold Headache 風寒頭痛

1.12.1
Source원문

風寒傷上, 邪從外入, 客於經絡, 令人振寒頭痛; 或風寒之邪伏留陽經, 爲偏正頭痛. 宜三五七散ㆍ芎辛湯ㆍ芎芷香蘇散方見寒門ㆍ如聖餠子. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Wind cold damages above, the evil entering from without and lodging in the channels and networks, making a person shiver with cold and the head ache; or the wind cold evil lies hidden in the yang channels and becomes one-sided or full headache. Three Five Seven Powder, Chuanxiong and Asarum Decoction, Chuanxiong, Angelica Dahurica, Cyperus and Perilla Powder formula in the Cold Damage chapter and Sagelike Cake are appropriate.

Dongwon 東垣

1.13 Damp Heat Headache 濕熱頭痛

1.13.1
Source원문

心煩頭痛者, 病在膈中, 乃濕熱頭痛也. 宜淸空膏ㆍ小淸空膏, 又用吐法方見下.

Translation영역
Where there is vexation of the heart with headache, the disease is in the diaphragm, and it is a damp heat headache. Clear the Void Paste and Minor Clear the Void Paste are appropriate, and the ejection method as well below.

Donguibogam · Du

1.13.2
Source원문

此膏治諸般頭痛皆效, 唯血虛頭痛從魚尾相連痛者不治. 《東垣》

Translation영역
This paste treats every kind of headache effectively — only the blood vacuity headache that runs from the fish-tail and connects along is not cured by it.
Clinical note임상 주석
魚尾, the fish-tail, is the outer end of the eyebrow, named at 1.18 as where a blood-vacuity headache begins. Dongwon names the one case his own formula will not touch, which is worth more than the rest of the claim.

Dongwon 東垣

1.14 Reversal Headache 厥逆頭痛

1.14.1
Source원문

當有所犯大寒, 內至骨髓. 髓者以腦爲主, 腦逆故令頭痛, 齒亦痛, 乃厥逆頭痛也. 宜羌活附子湯. ○厥者逆也, 邪氣逆上陽經而作痛, 甚則發厥, 頭痛齒亦痛, 宜白附子散.

Translation영역
Where one has met with great cold that has reached within to the bone marrow — and the marrow has the brain for its master — the brain counterflows and makes the head ache and the teeth ache too, and this is reversal headache: Notopterygium and Aconite Decoction is appropriate. 厥 means counterflow: the evil qi counterflows up the yang channels and makes pain, and at worst there is reversal, with the head aching and the teeth aching too: Typhonium Powder is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.14.2
Source원문

厥頭痛卽腎厥巓頂痛不可忍, 宜玉眞丸. 《本事》

Translation영역
Reversal headache is the kidney reversal pain at the vertex that cannot be borne: Jade Truth Pill is appropriate.

Bonsa 本事

1.14.3
Source원문

頭痛連齒, 時發時止, 連年不已, 此由風寒留於骨髓. 髓者以腦爲主, 腦逆故頭痛齒亦痛, 宜服白附子散, 灸曲鬢穴. 《資生》

Translation영역
Where the headache reaches the teeth, breaking out and stopping by turns and going on year after year, it comes of wind cold staying in the bone marrow; the marrow has the brain for its master, so the brain counterflows and the head and teeth ache. Typhonium Powder should be taken and Gokbin (曲鬢, GB7) moxaed.

Jasaeng 資生

1.14.4
Source원문

頭痛, 筋攣骨重, 少氣噦噫, 腹滿時驚, 不嗜臥, 咳嗽煩寃. 其脉擧之則弦, 按之石堅. 由腎氣不足而內着, 其氣逆而上行, 謂之腎厥. 宜服此藥, 更灸關元百壯. 《資生》

Translation영역
Headache with cramping sinews and heavy bones, scant qi, retching and belching, a full abdomen with starting at times, no liking for lying down, cough and vexed oppression; the pulse lifted is stringlike and pressed is stony firm. It comes of the kidney qi being insufficient and lodging within, its qi counterflowing and running upward, and is called kidney reversal. This medicine should be taken and Gwanwon (關元, CV4) moxaed a hundred cones.

Jasaenggyeong 資生經

1.15 Phlegm Reversal Headache 痰厥頭痛

1.15.1
Source원문

頭痛每發時, 兩頰靑黃, 眩運, 目不欲開, 懶於言語, 身體沈重, 兀兀欲吐, 此厥陰太陰合病, 名曰痰厥頭痛. 宜服局方玉壺丸及半夏白朮天麻湯. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Where at every attack of headache the two cheeks are green-yellow, with dizziness, the eyes not wanting to open, no will to speak, the body heavy, and a dull wish to vomit, it is a combined disease of the reverting yin and greater yin, named phlegm reversal headache: the Gukbang's Jade Pot Pill and Pinellia, White Atractylodes and Gastrodia Decoction should be taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
目不欲開, 懶於言語, 兀兀欲吐 — the eyes unwilling to open, no will to speak, a dull nausea. A patient in a migraine attack, described by what they will not do rather than by what they complain of.

Dongwon 東垣

1.15.2
Source원문

痰厥頭痛宜上淸白附子丸ㆍ定風餠子ㆍ芎辛導痰湯. 《得效》 濕痰發則痛密無間, 宜三生丸, 或二陳湯加南星ㆍ蒼朮ㆍ川芎ㆍ細辛. 《入門》

Translation영역
For phlegm reversal headache: Supreme Clarity Typhonium Pill, Settle the Wind Cake and Chuanxiong and Asarum Guide Out Phlegm Decoction. Where damp phlegm breaks out, the pain is close and without a gap: Three Raw Ingredients Pill, or Two Matured Ingredients Decoction with arisaema, atractylodes lancea, chuanxiong and asarum added.

Deukhyo 得效 · Immun 入門

1.15.3
Source원문

頭痛苦甚, 謂之足太陰痰厥頭痛, 非半夏不能療; 眼黑頭旋, 風虛內作, 非天麻不能除. 黃芪甘溫, 瀉火補元氣, 實表虛止自汗; 人參甘溫, 瀉火補中益氣; 二朮俱苦甘溫, 除濕補中益氣; 澤瀉ㆍ茯苓利小便導濕; 橘皮苦溫益氣調中; 神麴消食蕩胃中滯氣; 大麥糵寬中助胃氣; 乾薑辛熱以滌中寒; 黃栢大苦寒, 酒洗以療冬天少火在泉發燥也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Where the headache is bitterly severe it is called the foot greater yin phlegm reversal headache, and nothing but pinellia can cure it; where the eyes go black and the head spins from wind vacuity arising within, nothing but gastrodia can remove it. Astragalus is sweet and warm, drains fire and supplements the origin qi, makes the surface firm where it is vacuous and stops spontaneous sweating; ginseng is sweet and warm, drains fire, supplements the centre and boosts the qi; the two atractylodes are bitter, sweet and warm, remove damp and supplement the centre and boost the qi; alisma and poria free the urine and lead out damp; tangerine peel is bitter and warm, boosts the qi and regulates the centre; medicated leaven disperses food and washes away stagnant qi in the stomach; barley sprout loosens the centre and aids the stomach qi; dried ginger is acrid and hot to wash out cold in the centre; phellodendron is greatly bitter and cold, wine-washed, to treat the dryness that the little fire in the springs raises in winter.
Clinical note임상 주석
Dongwon giving a reason for every medicinal in Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang, one by one. It is the fullest formula commentary in the Bogam, and the two claims at its head — pinellia for this headache, gastrodia for this dizziness — are still how both medicinals are taught.

Dongwon 東垣

1.16 Qi Reversal Headache 氣厥頭痛

1.16.1
Source원문

氣血虛而邪氣逆上爲頭痛. 頭痛耳鳴, 九竅不利, 兩太陽穴痛甚, 乃氣虛頭痛也, 宜順氣和中湯ㆍ黃芪益氣湯.

Translation영역
Where the qi and blood are vacuous and the evil qi counterflows upward there is headache. Headache with ringing in the ears, the nine orifices not free, and severe pain at both Taeyang points is a qi vacuity headache: Order the Qi and Harmonize the Centre Decoction and Astragalus Boost the Qi Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Du

1.16.2
Source원문

血虛頭痛, 自魚尾上攻而爲痛, 宜當歸補血湯ㆍ加味四物湯眉尖後近髮際曰魚尾. 氣血俱虛頭痛宜加味調中益氣湯ㆍ安神湯.

Translation영역
A blood vacuity headache attacks upward from the fish-tail and makes pain: Angelica Supplement the Blood Decoction and Supplemented Four Substances Decoction are appropriate behind the point of the brow near the hairline is called the fish-tail. For headache where qi and blood are both vacuous: Supplemented Regulate the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction and Quiet the Spirit Decoction.

Donguibogam · Du

1.16.3
Source원문

大病後氣虛頭痛, 四柱散方見大便加茶一撮煎服. 如氣上不下, 厥而爲痛, 宜芎烏散. 《入門》

Translation영역
For a qi vacuity headache after a great illness, Four Pillars Powder formula in the Stool chapter with a pinch of tea added and decocted. Where the qi goes up and does not come down and reverses into pain, Chuanxiong and Lindera Powder is appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.17 Heat Reversal Headache 熱厥頭痛

1.17.1
Source원문

治頭痛煩熱, 雖冬天大寒猶喜風寒, 其痛暫止; 略來煖處, 或見烟火, 則其痛復作. 宜淸上瀉火湯ㆍ防風散. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Treats headache with vexing heat, where even in the great cold of winter the patient still likes wind and cold and the pain stops for a while; coming a little into a warm place, or seeing smoke and fire, and the pain breaks out again. Clear Above and Drain Fire Decoction and Saposhnikovia Powder are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
The test is the room, not the pulse: a headache that eases out of doors in winter and returns by the fire. The Teeth chapter's 4.10.5 made the same observation about a woman who rode out into the wind, and in both the history settles the treatment.

Dongwon 東垣

1.18 Damp Reversal Headache 濕厥頭痛

1.18.1
Source원문

冒雨傷濕, 頭重眩痛, 遇陰雨則甚, 宜芎辛湯方見上ㆍ芎朮除眩湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where being caught in the rain damages with damp and the head is heavy and dizzy and painful, worse when the weather turns wet: Chuanxiong and Asarum Decoction formula above and Chuanxiong and Atractylodes Remove Dizziness Decoction are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
遇陰雨則甚 — worse when it turns wet. A headache that answers to the weather, which 1.24's head wind of the first kind describes from the other side — there the pain comes a day before the wind changes.

Immun 入門

1.19 True Headache 眞頭痛

1.19.1
Source원문

詳見下不治類.

Translation영역
Treated below under the untreatable kinds.

Donguibogam · Du

1.20 Headache After Drink 醉後頭痛

1.20.1
Source원문

詳見內傷門.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Internal Damage chapter.

Donguibogam · Du

1.21 Headache Should Be Divided by the Six Channels 頭痛當分六經

1.21.1
Source원문

凡頭痛皆以風藥治之者, 高巓之上惟風可到, 故總其大體而言之也. 然亦有三陽三陰之異焉.

Translation영역
That every headache is treated with wind medicines is because on the high vertex only wind can reach; so one speaks of the general body of it. Yet there are differences of the three yang and three yin.
Clinical note임상 주석
高巓之上惟風可到 — only wind reaches the high summit. The reason every formula in this chapter is built on acrid dispersers, and the justification for using them even where the cause is heat or vacuity.

Donguibogam · Du

1.21.2
Source원문

太陽頭痛, 惡風寒, 脉浮緊, 宜羌活ㆍ獨活ㆍ麻黃ㆍ川芎之類. 少陽頭痛, 往來寒熱, 脉弦而細, 宜柴胡ㆍ黃芩之類. 陽明頭痛, 自汗發熱, 脉緩長實, 宜乾葛ㆍ升麻ㆍ石膏ㆍ白芷之類.

Translation영역
In greater yang headache there is aversion to wind and cold and the pulse is floating and tight: notopterygium, pubescent angelica, ephedra and chuanxiong and their kind. In lesser yang headache the cold and heat alternate and the pulse is stringlike and fine: bupleurum and scutellaria and their kind. In yang brightness headache there is spontaneous sweating and fever and the pulse is moderate, long and replete: dried pueraria, cimicifuga, gypsum and angelica dahurica and their kind.

Dongwon 東垣

1.21.3
Source원문

太陰頭痛, 必有痰, 身重, 脉沈緩, 宜蒼朮ㆍ半夏ㆍ南星之類. 少陰頭痛, 三陰三陽經不流行, 足寒氣逆爲寒厥, 其脉沈細, 宜麻黃附子細辛湯方見寒門. 厥陰頭痛, 或吐痰沫厥冷, 其脉浮緩, 吳茱萸湯方見寒門.

Translation영역
In greater yin headache there must be phlegm, the body is heavy and the pulse sunken and moderate: atractylodes lancea, pinellia and arisaema and their kind. In lesser yin headache the three yin and three yang channels do not circulate, the feet are cold and the qi counterflows into cold reversal, and the pulse is sunken and fine: Ephedra, Aconite and Asarum Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter. In reverting yin headache there may be vomiting of phlegm froth with cold reversal and the pulse floating and moderate: Evodia Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter.

Dongwon 東垣

1.21.4
Source원문

三陽合病爲頭痛, 宜三陽湯. 《東垣》 三陽熱鬱頭痛, 不敢見日光, 置氷於頂上, 宜汗吐下三法幷行乃愈. 《子和》

Translation영역
Where the three yang are in combined disease and there is headache, Three Yang Decoction is appropriate. Where the three yang have depressed heat with headache so that the patient dare not look at daylight and puts ice on the crown of the head, sweating, ejecting and purging must all three be used before it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
不敢見日光, 置氷於頂上 — dares not face the daylight and puts ice on the head. Photophobia and cold applied for relief, both of them things a migraine patient does unprompted.

Dongwon 東垣 · Jahwa 子和

1.22 The Pattern of Brain Wind 腦風證

1.22.1
Source원문

風氣循風府穴名而上則爲腦風. 《內經》 其證項背怯寒, 腦戶穴名極冷, 神聖散ㆍ太陽丹. 《河間》

Translation영역
Where the wind qi follows Pungbu a point name and rises, it becomes brain wind. Its signs are the nape and back shrinking from cold and Noeho a point name extremely cold: Divine Sage Powder and Great Yang Elixir.

Naegyeong 內經 · Hagan 河間

1.23 The Pattern of Head Wind of the First Kind 首風證

1.23.1
Source원문

新沐中風則爲首風. 其證頭面多汗, 惡風, 當先風一日則病甚, 頭痛不可出內; 至其風日, 則病少愈. 《內經》 大川芎丸主之. 《河間》 沐浴後眩暈頭痛, 宜白芷丸. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where one is struck by wind just after washing the hair, it becomes head wind of the first kind. Its signs are much sweat on head and face and aversion to wind; a day before the wind the disease is severe, with headache so that one cannot go out of doors, and on the day the wind comes the disease eases a little. Major Chuanxiong Pill governs it. For dizziness and headache after washing, Angelica Dahurica Pill is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
當先風一日則病甚 — the day before the wind, the disease is at its worst. A headache that anticipates a change in the weather, recorded in the Suwen and still one of the most commonly reported migraine triggers.

Naegyeong 內經 · Hagan 河間 · Immun 入門

1.24 Pain of the Brow Ridge 眉稜骨痛

1.24.1
Source원문

眉心幷眉梁骨痛者, 痰也. 二陳湯方見痰飮煎水呑下靑州白元子方見風門. 《得效》

Translation영역
Pain at the brow's centre and along the brow bone is phlegm: Two Matured Ingredients Decoction formula in the Phlegm chapter decocted and used to swallow Qingzhou White Pill formula in the Wind chapter.

Deukhyo 得效

1.24.2
Source원문

眉稜骨痛連目不可開, 晝靜夜劇, 或因濕痰眉眶骨痛身重者, 宜芎辛導痰湯方見上加川烏ㆍ白朮. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where pain of the brow ridge reaches the eye so that it cannot be opened, quiet by day and worse by night, or where damp phlegm makes the brow-socket bone ache with a heavy body: Chuanxiong and Asarum Guide Out Phlegm Decoction formula above with aconite main root and white atractylodes added.
Clinical note임상 주석
晝靜夜劇 — quiet by day and worse at night. A supraorbital pain that comes on at night and wakes the patient is the pattern of a cluster headache, and the chapter keeps a section for it.

Immun 入門

1.24.3
Source원문

眉稜骨痛宜選奇湯ㆍ上淸散. 眉眶痛屬風熱與痰, 白芷ㆍ酒片芩 等分爲末, 茶淸調下二錢, 溫酒亦可. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For pain of the brow ridge: Select the Wondrous Decoction and Supreme Clarity Powder. Pain of the brow ring belongs to wind heat and phlegm: angelica dahurica and wine-fried sliced scutellaria in equal parts, powdered, 2 don stirred into clear tea, or warm wine will do.

Dansim 丹心

1.24.4
Source원문

眉輪骨痛, 痰火也; 眉眶痛亦痰火之徵也. 《回春》

Translation영역
Pain of the brow bone is phlegm fire, and pain of the brow ring is likewise a sign of phlegm fire.

Hoechun 回春

1.24.5
Source원문

因風寒眉骨痛, 川烏ㆍ草烏 各一錢童尿俱浸二宿炒用, 細辛ㆍ羌活ㆍ酒片芩ㆍ甘草(灸) 各半錢, 同爲末, 分二貼, 茶淸調下, 食後. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where wind cold makes the brow bone ache: aconite main root and aconite root 1 don each both steeped two nights in child's urine and fried, asarum, notopterygium, wine-fried sliced scutellaria and licorice (mix-fried) 5 pun each, powdered together and divided into two doses, stirred into clear tea after food.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Contains aconite main root and aconite root, both toxic. This must not be prepared.** The steeping in child's urine for two nights is the period's detoxification step for the two aconites; it reduces the alkaloids unreliably and does not make the powder safe.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.25 Untreatable and Hard-to-Treat Signs in Headache 頭痛不治難治證

1.25.1
Source원문

眞頭痛者, 頭痛甚, 腦盡痛, 手足寒至節, 死不治. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
In true headache the headache is severe and the whole brain pains, and the hands and feet are cold up to the joints: death, and it is not treated.
Clinical note임상 주석
腦盡痛, 手足寒至節 — the whole head in pain and the cold running up to the elbows and knees. A thunderclap headache with shock: subarachnoid haemorrhage or meningitis, and the Lingshu's verdict was the correct one for its time. It is the chapter's only entry that offers nothing at all.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.25.2
Source원문

眞頭痛者, 其痛上穿風府, 陷入泥丸宮, 不可以藥愈. 朝發夕死, 夕發朝死. 盖頭中人之根, 根氣先絶也. 《得效》

Translation영역
In true headache the pain bores up through Pungbu and sinks into the mud-pellet palace, and it cannot be healed with medicine. Breaking out in the morning, death by evening; breaking out in the evening, death by morning. For the head is a person's root, and the root qi is the first to be cut off.
Clinical note임상 주석
頭中人之根 — the head is a person's root. The chapter has spent thirty sections treating headache and here marks off the one kind it will not treat: pain that goes up through the nape into the centre of the head, with death inside a day. Subarachnoid haemorrhage presents in just this shape, and the Bogam's instruction — do not reach for a formula — is the right one.

Deukhyo 得效

1.25.3
Source원문

頭連腦痛甚, 手足俱寒者, 不治. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the head and the brain within it are severely painful together and both hands and feet are cold, it is not treatable.

Deukhyo 得效

1.25.4
Source원문

頭沈痛入泥丸, 手足冷, 瓜甲靑者, 謂之真頭痛. 其連齒痛甚者, 屬少陰厥證, 俱不治. 《入門》

Translation영역
A heavy pain in the head going into the mud-pellet palace, with cold hands and feet and blue nails, is called true headache. Where it reaches the teeth and the pain is severe, it belongs to the lesser yin reversal pattern, and neither is treatable.
Clinical note임상 주석
爪甲靑, blue nails, with cold extremities and a severe headache: the sign set is peripheral cyanosis, and reading it as the terminal point of a headache rather than as a separate circulatory event is as far as the classical frame can go. The addition of tooth pain is the chapter's one referral note — pain crossing from head into teeth is given to the lesser yin.

Immun 入門

1.25.5
Source원문

診頭痛目痛, 久視無所見者死. 《綱目》

Translation영역
On examination, where there is headache with eye pain and on looking a long while nothing is seen, death.

Gangmok 綱目

1.25.6
Source원문

頭目痛, 卒視無所見者亦死. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where the head and eyes ache and sight is suddenly lost, that too is death.
Clinical note임상 주석
The pair of sight signs, slow and sudden, and the Bogam reads both as fatal. Sudden visual loss with headache is still an emergency presentation — raised intracranial pressure, apoplexy of the pituitary, giant-cell arteritis — and the prognosis the chapter gives is a fair reflection of what it could do about any of them.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.25.7
Source원문

泄瀉多而眩暈, 時時自冒者, 難治. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where there is much diarrhoea with dizziness and the patient keeps greying out, it is hard to treat.

Hoechun 回春

1.25.8
Source원문

凡眩暈言亂, 汗多下利, 時時自冒者, 虛極難治. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where there is dizziness with disordered speech, much sweating and downward discharge, and the patient keeps greying out, the vacuity is extreme and it is hard to treat.
Clinical note임상 주석
時時自冒 appears in both of the last two items and is the sign the section ends on — a repeated greying-out of consciousness. With diarrhoea and sweating behind it, this is circulatory collapse from fluid loss, and the chapter files it under extreme vacuity, which is the same observation in its own vocabulary.

Immun 入門

1.26 Wind Head Turning 風頭旋

1.26.1
Source원문

風頭旋者, 別無疾痛, 不自覺知, 常常頭自搖者是也. 肝風盛則搖頭. 治法同頭風. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Wind head turning is where there is no other illness or pain and the patient does not notice it, and the head is constantly shaking of itself. Where the liver wind is exuberant the head shakes. The method of treatment is the same as for head wind.
Clinical note임상 주석
不自覺知 — the patient does not know they are doing it. An involuntary head tremor noticed by others before the patient, which is how essential tremor of the head usually presents.

Gangmok 綱目

1.26.2
Source원문

有一子患七年搖頭, 三年下血, 百方無效. 予思之, 乃肝血液盛, 外有風熱乘之. 肝屬木, 木盛而脾土爲木所剋, 脾與肺是子母, 俱爲肝所勝, 而血遂漬於大便, 故便血不止. 遂處一方, 但損肝祛風而益脾, 只數服而愈; 後十餘日血止, 而下白膿, 遂得以安. 防風 三兩, 瓜蔞根ㆍ黃芪(蜜炒)ㆍ羌活ㆍ白芍藥 各五錢, 犀角屑ㆍ甘草 各二錢半, 蛇蛻(灸)ㆍ赤鉤藤釣子ㆍ麻黃 各一錢. 右爲末, 棗肉和丸梧子大, 食後薄荷湯下五七十丸. 只二服頭搖卽止, 便血隨愈. 《綱目》

Translation영역
A boy had shaken his head for seven years and passed blood for three, and a hundred formulas had no effect. I considered it: the liver's blood and fluid were exuberant and wind heat from without had taken advantage of them. The liver belongs to wood; the wood flourishing, the spleen's earth was restrained by it, and spleen and lung being child and mother were both overcome by the liver, so the blood soaked into the stool and the bleeding did not stop. I therefore made up a formula that only reduced the liver and dispelled wind while boosting the spleen, and in a few doses he was healed; after ten days and more the bleeding stopped and white pus came down, and he was at ease. Saposhnikovia 3 nyang; trichosanthes root, honey-fried astragalus, notopterygium and white peony 5 don each; rhinoceros horn shavings and licorice 2 don 5 pun each; mix-fried snake slough, red gambir hook and ephedra 1 don each. Powder the above, bind with jujube flesh into pills the size of a paulownia seed, and take fifty to seventy after food with a mint decoction. Only two doses and the head-shaking stopped; the blood in the stool healed along with it.
Clinical note임상 주석
The case is the chapter's one worked example of treating the liver to stop bleeding from the bowel, and the formula that follows it is built to match the reasoning rather than the symptom: saposhnikovia at three nyang against the wind, astragalus and peony for the spleen the liver was overwhelming, and only small measures of the cooling and wind-extinguishing drugs on top. **Rhinoceros horn is prohibited under CITES and all rhinoceros species are endangered; this must not be prepared as written.** Buffalo horn (水牛角) is the usual modern stand-in, at several times the weight.

Gangmok 綱目

1.27 The Skull Sutures Splitting Open 腦縫開裂

1.27.1
Source원문

人大熱發, 頭熱者, 令腦縫裂開. 取黑虱三五百枚擣碎附之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Where a person breaks out in great heat and the head is hot, it makes the skull sutures split open. Take three to five hundred black lice, pound them to a mash and apply it.

Boncho 本草

1.28 White Flakes Arising on the Head 頭生白屑

1.28.1
Source원문

頭生白屑, 肺之證也. 肺主皮毛, 故因風熱而頭皮燥痒生白屑, 消風散主之方見上. 《綱目》

Translation영역
White flakes arising on the head is a sign of the lung. The lung governs the skin and hair, so wind heat makes the scalp dry and itching and raises white flakes: Disperse Wind Powder governs it formula above.

Gangmok 綱目

1.28.2
Source원문

頭風生白屑, 極燥痒, 藜蘆爲末, 先洗頭, 候欲乾時取末糝之, 令入髮至皮, 方得緊縛兩日夜, 卽不燥痒. 如不效再用之. 先以藜蘆煎湯沐頭, 然後糝藥尤妙. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where head wind raises white flakes with extreme dryness and itching: powder veratrum; first wash the head, and when it is nearly dry take the powder and rub it in so that it goes through the hair to the skin, then bind it tight for two days and nights, and the dryness and itching stop. If it does not answer, use it again. Washing the head first with a decoction of veratrum and then applying the powder is better still.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Veratrum is toxic and readily absorbed through broken skin. For external use only.** Dandruff treated as a dry, itching scalp, with a two-day occlusive dressing — the method is sound even if the medicine is not.

Immun 入門

1.28.3
Source원문

又方, 白芷ㆍ零陵香爲末, 糝頭, 候三五日篦去白屑, 附二三次效. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Another method: angelica dahurica and lysimachia powdered and sprinkled on the head; after three to five days comb out the white flakes. Two or three applications and it works.

Gangmok 綱目

1.28.4
Source원문

頭風白屑, 瓦松曝乾燒灰淋汁, 熱洗頭六七度差. 《本草》

Translation영역
For head wind with white flakes: orostachys dried in the sun and burnt to ash, the ash leached for its liquor, and the head washed hot with it six or seven times, and it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
Leaching ash gives a lye, which is alkaline and strips sebum — the same principle as the soap-ash washes used for scalp scaling into the modern period. Six or seven hot washes would relieve the flaking and leave the scalp stripped.

Boncho 本草

1.28.5
Source원문

熊腦髓作油摩頭, 可去白屑. 《本草》

Translation영역
Bear brain made into an oil and rubbed on the head will remove the white flakes.
Clinical note임상 주석
**All bear species are CITES-listed and bear parts are unlawful to trade; this must not be prepared.** It is recorded as a document of the classical materia medica. The method beneath it is sound and transfers to any bland oil — an occlusive left on a dry, scaling scalp.

Boncho 本草

1.29 The Method of Insufflating the Nose 㗜鼻法

1.29.1
Source원문

治風涎偏正頭痛. 蓽撥末 三錢, 以猪膽汁拌, 再入膽內候乾, 入川芎ㆍ白芷ㆍ藁本ㆍ靑黛ㆍ玄胡索 各二錢爲末, 水和爲丸如芡實大. 令病人臥, 用一丸水化, 灌入鼻中, 覺藥味至喉少酸, 令病人坐之, 口咬銅錢一箇, 當涎出盈盆卽愈. 名一粒金. 《入門ㆍ正傳》

Translation영역
Treats one-sided and full headache from wind drool. Powdered long pepper 3 don mixed with pig's bile and put back into the gallbladder until dry; add chuanxiong, angelica dahurica, ligusticum, indigo and corydalis 2 don each, powder them and bind with water into pills the size of a fox-nut. Have the patient lie down, dissolve one pill in water and pour it into the nose; when the taste of the medicine is felt reaching the throat and turning a little sour, have the patient sit up and bite on a copper coin, and when the drool comes out and fills a basin it heals. It is named the Single Grain of Gold.
Clinical note임상 주석
口咬銅錢一箇 — biting on a copper coin, which holds the mouth open so the drool can run freely. The Throat chapter's Geoyeon-bang uses a chopstick for the same purpose, and in both the posture is prescribed as carefully as the medicine.

Immun 入門 · Jeongjeon 正傳

1.29.2
Source원문

偏正頭痛, 硝石末少許吹入鼻中立愈. 左痛吹右, 右痛吹左, 立愈. 雷公云, 腦痛欲亡, 鼻投硝末者是也. 《本草》

Translation영역
For one-sided and full headache, blow a little powdered saltpetre into the nose and it heals at once; for pain on the left blow into the right and for the right into the left. Lei Gong said: where the head aches to the point of dying, saltpetre powder is put into the nose — this is it.

Boncho 本草

1.29.3
Source원문

偏頭痛絶妙. 蓽撥爲末, 令患者口中含溫水, 如左邊疼左鼻吸一字, 右邊疼右鼻吸一字. 又粥淸調半錢服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Wonderfully good for one-sided headache. Long pepper powdered; have the patient hold warm water in the mouth, and if the pain is on the left let him draw a pinch up the left nostril, if on the right the right nostril. Half a don stirred into thin rice water may also be taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
口中含溫水 — water held in the mouth while the powder is drawn up the nose. It keeps the patient from swallowing or coughing on the powder, which is a practical detail the section repeats for 六聖散 as well.

Boncho 本草

1.29.4
Source원문

卒頭痛, 皂角末吹少許入鼻中, 令嚔則止. 《本草》

Translation영역
For a sudden headache, blow a little gleditsia powder into the nose to raise a sneeze and it stops.

Boncho 本草

1.29.5
Source원문

偏頭痛, 取生蘿葍汁一蜆殼, 仰臥注鼻中, 左痛注左, 右痛注右, 左右痛俱注之, 神效. 數十年患, 皆一二注而愈. 《本草》

Translation영역
For one-sided headache, take a clam-shell's worth of fresh radish juice and, lying on the back, pour it into the nose — for pain on the left into the left, on the right into the right, and for both into both: divinely effective. Sufferers of decades are healed by one or two pourings.

Boncho 本草

1.29.6
Source원문

㗜鼻又用不臥散ㆍ上淸散方見上ㆍ六聖散.

Translation영역
For insufflating the nose, Not Lying Down Powder, Supreme Clarity Powder formula above and Six Sages Powder are also used.

Donguibogam · Du

1.30 The Ejection Method 吐法

1.30.1
Source원문

風頭痛若不吐涎, 久則瞽目而不治. 瓜蔕散方見吐門吐之, 三吐而差. 《保命》

Translation영역
In wind headache, if the drool is not ejected, in time one is blinded and it cannot be treated. Melon Pedicel Powder formula in the Ejection chapter is used to eject it, and three ejections mend it.

Bomyeongjip 保命

1.30.2
Source원문

頭風後有眼疾, 眼有半明可救者, 防風散吐之方未詳. 《保命》

Translation영역
Where an eye disease follows head wind and the eye still has half its sight, so that it can be saved, Saposhnikovia Powder is used to eject the formula is not known.
Clinical note임상 주석
方未詳 — the formula is not known. The Bogam prints the indication and admits it cannot supply the prescription, which is worth noticing: the compilers did not invent one to fill the gap.

Bomyeongjip 保命

1.30.3
Source원문

頭風眩暈, 可用獨聖散卽瓜蔕散吐之. 吐訖, 可用淸上降火之劑, 防風通聖散方見風門加半夏ㆍ南星. 《子和》

Translation영역
For head wind with dizziness, Solitary Sage Powder that is, Melon Pedicel Powder may be used to eject. When the ejection is done, a preparation that clears above and downbears fire may be used: Saposhnikovia Sagely Unblocking Powder formula in the Wind chapter with pinellia and arisaema added.

Jahwa 子和

1.30.4
Source원문

痰涎頭痛難當, 胸膈煩悶欲吐, 瓜蔕散吐之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a phlegm-drool headache is hard to bear and the chest and diaphragm are vexed and oppressed with an urge to vomit, Melon Stalk Powder is used to eject it.

Immun 入門

1.30.5
Source원문

濕家頭痛, 鼻塞聲重, 令病人先噙水一口, 將瓜蔕散末一字㗜鼻內, 出黃水爲度. 《入門》

Translation영역
For headache in a damp constitution with a blocked nose and a heavy voice, have the patient first hold a mouthful of water, then draw a pinch of Melon Stalk Powder up the nose; yellow fluid running out is the measure of enough.
Clinical note임상 주석
The same powder used two ways in two lines — swallowed to make the patient vomit, drawn up the nose to make it run. 出黃水爲度 sets the endpoint by what comes out rather than by the dose, which is how the chapter times all of its insufflations.

Immun 入門

1.30.6
Source원문

卒頭痛如破, 非冷非風, 是胸膈有痰, 厥氣上衝所致, 名爲厥頭痛. 吐之卽差. 單煮茗飮一二升, 須臾吐; 吐畢又飮, 如此數過, 須吐痰汁盡乃止, 不損人. 待渴卽差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Where a sudden headache is as though the head would split, and it is neither cold nor wind, it is phlegm between the chest and diaphragm with reversal qi surging up, and is named reversal headache. Ejecting it mends it at once. Boil tea alone and drink one or two seung and presently there is vomiting; when the vomiting is done drink again, and so several times over, until all the phlegm fluid is vomited out and then stop — it does no harm to the person. Wait until thirst comes and it mends.
Clinical note임상 주석
Strong tea drunk until it is vomited back, over and over. It is the gentlest of the chapter's ejection methods and the only one a reader could try; the melon pedicel of the others is violently emetic.

Boncho 本草

1.31 The Purging Method 下法

1.31.1
Source원문

三陽熱鬱頭痛, 不敢見日光, 置氷頂上, 宜汗吐下. 《子和》 頭風之甚者久則目昏, 偏頭痛久則目束小, 大便秘澁, 皆宜大承氣湯方見寒門下之. 《子和》

Translation영역
Where the three yang have depressed heat with headache so that the patient dare not see daylight and puts ice on the crown, sweating, ejecting and purging are appropriate. Where head wind is severe, in time the eyes grow dim; where one-sided headache is long-standing, the eye narrows and the stool is bound and rough — for all of these Major Order the Qi Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter should purge.

Jahwa 子和

1.31.2
Source원문

脉動作, 頭重痛, 熱氣潮者, 屬胃, 宜調胃承氣湯方見寒門下之卽愈. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where the pulse is surging and the head heavy and painful with the heat qi coming in tides, it belongs to the stomach: Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter purges it and it heals.

Gangmok 綱目

1.32 Simple Medicinals 單方

1.32.1
Source원문

凡二十六種.

Translation영역
Twenty-six kinds in all.

Donguibogam · Du

1.32.2
Source원문

硝石 治偏正頭痛. 取硝末少許, 吹入鼻中, 左痛吹右, 右痛吹左, 卽愈焰硝同. 《本草》

Translation영역
Saltpetre (硝石): Treats one-sided and whole-head pain. Take a little of the powdered saltpetre and blow it up into the nose — for pain on the left blow it into the right nostril, for pain on the right into the left — and it is cured. (Crude saltpetre 焰硝 serves the same. — Boncho 本草)
Clinical note임상 주석
左痛吹右, 右痛吹左 — for the left side, treat the right. The section opens with the crossed-sides rule, which runs through the acupuncture literature as 巨刺 and here governs a powder blown up the nose. 偏正頭痛, one-sided and whole-head pain, is the chapter's standing pair and maps closely onto migraine and tension-type headache. Blowing a nitrate powder into the nostril is a sternutatory: it provokes violent sneezing and a flood of tears and mucus, which the tradition read as the pain being driven out. It should not be done — the nasal mucosa is not a place for caustic powders — but the observation underneath it is sound, that a hard sneeze briefly changes the pressure in the head.

Boncho 本草

1.32.3
Source원문

石膏 治熱厥頭痛. 陽明頭痛爲主藥, 白虎湯方見寒門是也. 《本草》 ○治陽明頭痛大效. 石膏ㆍ川芎ㆍ白芷 等分爲末, 每三錢, 茶淸調下, 名石膏散. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Gypsum (石膏): Treats heat-reversal headache. For yang brightness headache it is the sovereign drug, and Baekho-tang 白虎湯— formula in the Cold Damage chapter — is the one (Boncho 本草). ○ For yang brightness headache it has great effect: gypsum, cnidium and dahurian angelica in equal parts, powdered, 3 don a dose taken down in clear tea; it is called Seokgo-san 石膏散. (Gangmok 綱目)
Clinical note임상 주석
The section is organized by channel, and this is where that becomes visible: gypsum for the yang brightness, which is the forehead. 熱厥頭痛, heat-reversal headache, is the headache of a high fever, and gypsum is the tradition's cooling mineral for exactly that — the chief drug of Baekho-tang, still the reference formula for high fever with thirst and a flooding pulse. Seokgo-san adds the two channel guides for the front of the head, and the three together are a reasonable antipyretic-analgesic by the standards of the pharmacy they had.

Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

1.32.4
Source원문

甘菊 治風眩頭痛. 取花爲末, 酒調服一錢, 日再. 或多取釀酒, 或浸酒服之.酒法見雜方 ○又取嫩莖葉作羹作菜食亦良. 白菊尤佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Chrysanthemum (甘菊): Treats wind dizziness with headache. Take the flowers, powder them, and take 1 don stirred into wine, twice a day. Or take a quantity and brew it into wine, or steep it in wine and take it.— the wine method is in the Miscellaneous Methods chapter — ○ Or take the young stems and leaves, make a soup or a vegetable dish of them and eat — also good. The white chrysanthemum is better still.
Clinical note임상 주석
風眩, wind dizziness — the headache that comes with the room moving — and chrysanthemum is the drug the whole tradition reaches for when head symptoms are hot and rising. It is a tea and a food as much as a medicine, and the instruction to eat the young leaves as a vegetable is the section at its most ordinary. 白菊尤佳, the white is better still, is the first of several places where the chapter grades its own materials.

Boncho 本草

1.32.5
Source원문

羌活 治賊風頭痛眩暈, 乃太陽頭痛主藥也. 又主風毒頭連齒痛. 剉煎服之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Notopterygium (羌活): Treats robber-wind headache with dizziness; it is the sovereign drug for greater yang headache. It also governs wind-toxin pain of the head running into the teeth. Cut it up, decoct it and take.
Clinical note임상 주석
The greater yang is the back of the head and the nape, and notopterygium is its guide — the pairing is fixed in the corpus and this entry states it outright. 頭連齒痛, head pain running into the teeth, is pain referred along the trigeminal distribution, and a headache that reaches the teeth is a recognized presentation of both migraine and sinus disease.

Boncho 本草

1.32.6
Source원문

細辛 主風頭痛腦動, 治頭面風不可闕也. 《本草》 ○治足少陰腎經苦頭痛. 煎服末服皆佳. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Asarum (細辛): Governs wind headache with the brain stirring; for wind of the head and face it cannot be dispensed with (Boncho 本草). ○ It treats the bitter headache of the foot lesser yin kidney channel. Decocted or powdered, both are good. (Gangmok 綱目)
Clinical note임상 주석
**A caution the Bogam could not give:** Asarum species contain aristolochic acid in the root and rhizome, a nephrotoxin and a Group 1 carcinogen, and asarum is restricted in Korea, the European Union and elsewhere for this reason. The classical dose limit — not above 1 don — belongs to a worry about its acridity, not about the kidney. The lesser yin headache it names is the deep, dull headache a practitioner would place at the base of the skull; 腦動, the brain stirring, is the sensation of pulsation inside the head.

Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

1.32.7
Source원문

芎藭 主風邪入腦頭痛, 治頭面風不可闕也. 《本草》 ○治偏正頭痛, 常服除根. 川芎 二兩ㆍ香附子 四兩, 爲末, 每二錢, 茶淸調下, 名點頭散. 《得效》 ○治熱厥頭痛. 川芎ㆍ石膏 等分, 剉水煎服, 名川芎石膏湯. 《綱目》 ○川芎治厥陰經頭痛在腦. 《綱目》 ○偏頭痛, 細剉酒浸服之, 或煎服, 或末服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cnidium (芎藭): Governs headache from wind evil entering the brain; for wind of the head and face it cannot be dispensed with (Boncho 本草). ○ It treats one-sided and whole-head pain, and taken regularly it removes the root: cnidium 2 nyang and cyperus 4 nyang, powdered, 2 don a dose taken down in clear tea; it is called Jeomdu-san 點頭散 (Deukhyo 得效). ○ For heat-reversal headache: cnidium and gypsum in equal parts, cut up, decocted in water and taken; it is called Cheongung-seokgo-tang 川芎石膏湯 (Gangmok 綱目). ○ Cnidium treats reverting yin channel headache, which is in the brain (Gangmok 綱目). ○ For one-sided headache: cut it fine, steep it in wine and take, or decoct it, or powder it — all are good. (Boncho 本草)
Clinical note임상 주석
Five entries for one drug, more than the section gives to any other, and cnidium earns it: it is the headache medicinal of East Asian practice, the one that appears in nearly every formula in this chapter whatever the channel. 常服除根, taken regularly it removes the root — this is prophylaxis rather than abortive treatment, and the distinction is the central one in modern migraine management too. Jeomdu-san is two drugs, cnidium with cyperus at double weight, and it remains a plausible prescription for a headache that comes with constraint and premenstrual timing.

Boncho 本草 · Deukhyo 得效 · Gangmok 綱目

1.32.8
Source원문

防風 主大風頭眩痛. 又主頭面去來風. 煎服末服皆佳. 《本草》 ○治上部風邪之仙藥也. 《湯液》

Translation영역
Siler (防風): Governs great wind with dizziness and headache. It also governs the wind that comes and goes over the head and face. Decocted or powdered, both are good (Boncho 本草). ○ It is the immortals' drug for wind evil in the upper part. (Tangaek 湯液)
Clinical note임상 주석
去來風, the wind that comes and goes — pain that moves across the head and face and will not stay put, which is how the tradition described what we would call a neuralgia or a shifting tension headache. 防風 means to guard against wind, and the name is the indication.

Boncho 本草 · Tangaek 湯液

1.32.9
Source원문

決明子 治頭風明目. 作枕枕之, 勝菉豆. 《本草》 ○偏頭痛, 作末水調, 貼太陽穴, 甚妙. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cassia seed (決明子): Treats head wind and brightens the eyes. Make a pillow of the seeds and sleep on it — better than mung bean. ○ For one-sided headache: powder it, mix it with water and paste it over the GB1 Taeyang point — most excellent.
Clinical note임상 주석
A pillow stuffed with cassia seed, and the section returns to the idea twice — mung bean below gets the same instruction, and this entry ranks the two. 貼太陽穴, pasted over the Taeyang point at the temple, is topical treatment at the site of pain, and the temple is where a migraine is felt and where the superficial temporal artery runs. A cool paste on the temple is still what people do.

Boncho 本草

1.32.10
Source원문

蒼耳 主風頭寒痛. ○婦人血風攻腦, 忽暈倒, 取嫩心陰乾爲末, 酒服二錢, 名喝起散. 《本草》 ○此藥多達腦, 蓋善通頂門. 末服煎服皆佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cocklebur (蒼耳): Governs wind headache with cold pain. ○ Where a woman's blood wind assails the brain and she suddenly faints and falls: take the young hearts of the plant, dry them in the shade, powder them, and take 2 don in wine; it is called Galgi-san 喝起散. ○ This drug reaches the brain readily, and is good at opening through the crown. Powdered or decocted, both are good.
Clinical note임상 주석
喝起散, the shout-her-awake powder, named for what it is meant to do. 血風攻腦 with sudden collapse is an eclamptic or a vasovagal faint, and a woman who faints and falls needs looking after rather than a powder in wine. 善通頂門, good at opening through the crown, is the reasoning for the drug's place here: the Bogam treats some medicinals as able to reach the top of the head, and cocklebur is the clearest case. The burrs and seedlings contain carboxyatractyloside and are hepatotoxic in quantity.

Boncho 本草

1.32.11
Source원문

葛根 主傷寒中風頭痛. 煎服之. 《本草》 ○陽明經頭痛藥也. 《湯液》

Translation영역
Kudzu root (葛根): Governs the headache of cold damage and wind strike. Decoct it and take (Boncho 本草). ○ It is a drug for yang brightness channel headache. (Tangaek 湯液)

Boncho 本草 · Tangaek 湯液

1.32.12
Source원문

當歸 治血虛頭痛. 細剉酒煎服之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Korean angelica (當歸): Treats headache from blood vacuity. Cut it fine, decoct it in wine and take.
Clinical note임상 주석
血虛頭痛 — the headache of a depleted body, dull and worse for exertion, with pallor and palpitations alongside it. Read against modern practice this is the headache of anaemia, and a patient with that picture should have their blood count checked; angelica is the tradition's blood-building drug and the correspondence is closer than usual.

Boncho 本草

1.32.13
Source원문

麻黃 主風寒頭痛. 去節煎服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Ephedra (麻黃): Governs wind-cold headache. Remove the nodes, decoct it and take.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This requires a trained prescriber.** Ephedra contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine; it raises blood pressure and heart rate, and ephedra-containing supplements are banned in the United States and restricted in Korea and the European Union. It is a legitimate prescription drug in licensed decoctions and not something to take for a headache. 去節, removing the nodes, is the standard processing and is held to temper the drug's sweat-forcing action.

Boncho 本草

1.32.14
Source원문

白芷 主熱風頭痛. 又主風眩. 作丸服, 名都梁丸. 《本事》 ○治陽明頭痛在額. 煎服末服亦佳. 《湯液》

Translation영역
Dahurian angelica (白芷): Governs heat-wind headache. It also governs wind dizziness. Made into pills and taken, it is called Doryang-hwan 都梁丸 (Bonsa 本事). ○ It treats yang brightness headache, which is in the forehead. Decocted or powdered, both are good. (Tangaek 湯液)
Clinical note임상 주석
都梁丸 is one drug made into pills and given a name of its own, which the corpus does only where a single medicinal was held to answer a complaint by itself. 陽明頭痛在額 — the yang brightness headache is in the forehead — is the clearest statement of the channel mapping anywhere in the chapter, and dahurian angelica remains the frontal-headache and sinus drug in Korean and Chinese practice.

Bonsa 本事 · Tangaek 湯液

1.32.15
Source원문

藁本 主風頭痛, 去頭風. 《本草》 ○治巓頂痛ㆍ腦齒痛, 引諸藥至頂上. 煎服末服幷佳. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Ligusticum root (藁本): Governs wind headache and drives off head wind (Boncho 本草). ○ It treats pain at the vertex and pain of the brain and teeth, and it leads the other drugs up to the top of the head. Decocted or powdered, both are good. (Dansim 丹心)
Clinical note임상 주석
引諸藥至頂上, it leads the other drugs up to the top of the head — the courier principle applied upward, and ligusticum is the drug the corpus uses to aim a prescription at the vertex. Pain fixed at the crown is the one headache location the chapter treats as having a guide of its own.

Boncho 本草 · Dansim 丹心

1.32.16
Source원문

半夏 主頭眩. 《本草》 ○足太陰痰厥頭痛, 非此不除. 煎服之. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Pinellia (半夏): Governs dizziness of the head (Boncho 本草). ○ For foot greater yin phlegm-reversal headache, nothing but this will remove it. Decoct it and take. (Dongwon 東垣)
Clinical note임상 주석
**Raw pinellia is toxic** — it is acrid enough to cause severe swelling of the mouth and throat — and only the processed article (ginger-cured or alum-cured) is used. 痰厥頭痛, the phlegm-reversal headache, is the heavy, muzzy headache with nausea and a thick tongue coating, and 非此不除, nothing but this will remove it, is Li Dongyuan's claim. Pinellia is the corpus's chief antiemetic and that is the part of the claim that holds up.

Boncho 本草 · Dongwon 東垣

1.32.17
Source원문

蔓荊子 主風頭痛腦鳴. 煎服之. 《本草》 ○太陽經頭痛之藥, 散風邪, 除頭昏目暗. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Vitex (蔓荊子): Governs wind headache with ringing in the brain. Decoct it and take (Boncho 本草). ○ It is a drug for greater yang channel headache: it scatters wind evil and removes a clouded head and dim eyes. (Dansim 丹心)
Clinical note임상 주석
腦鳴, ringing in the brain, is tinnitus, and the chapter files it here with headache rather than in the Ear chapter — which is the right instinct, since the two travel together. 頭昏 目暗, a clouded head and dim eyes, is the whole complaint stated as the patient would state it.

Boncho 本草 · Dansim 丹心

1.32.18
Source원문

山茱萸 主頭風腦骨痛. 又治肝虛眩暈, 乃肝藏藥也. 煎服之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cornus (山茱萸): Governs head wind with pain in the bones of the skull. It also treats dizziness from liver vacuity, being a drug of the liver viscus. Decoct it and take.
Clinical note임상 주석
The only entry in the section that reaches past the channels to an organ: dizziness from liver vacuity, therefore a liver drug. Cornus is a sour astringent and the reasoning is the flavour — sour belongs to the liver — rather than anything about the head.

Boncho 本草

1.32.19
Source원문

皂莢 除頭風頭痛. 作末吹鼻中, 又可爲沐藥. 《本草》

Translation영역
Gleditsia pod (皂莢): Drives off head wind and headache. Powder it and blow it up into the nose; it may also be used as a hair wash.
Clinical note임상 주석
The second sternutatory in the section, and the same caution applies: gleditsia powder in the nose provokes violent sneezing, which is how it was judged to work. The pod is rich in saponins, which is also why it served as a soap — 沐藥, a wash for the hair, is the household use the medicine grew out of.

Boncho 本草

1.32.20
Source원문

茶 臘茶也. 能淸利頭目. 煎湯常飮之. 茗葉同功. 《本草》

Translation영역
Tea (茶): That is, tribute tea. It is able to clear and free the head and eyes. Decoct it and drink it regularly. The plain tea leaf has the same effect.
Clinical note임상 주석
Caffeine is a genuine analgesic adjuvant and is still combined with paracetamol and aspirin in headache preparations for that reason, so this is one of the entries that works as written. The other side of it the chapter does not know: regular use breeds a dependence, and caffeine withdrawal is itself one of the commonest causes of headache. 臘茶, tribute tea, is the graded spring picking; 茗葉, the plain leaf, is the cheaper article, and the entry says they do the same.

Boncho 本草

1.32.21
Source원문

荊芥 主頭旋目眩. 又治頭風爲要藥. 煎服末服皆佳. 《本草》 ○治頭風. 荊芥穗ㆍ石膏 煆, 等分爲末, 每二錢, 以薑葱煎水調下, 名荊芥散. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Schizonepeta (荊芥): Governs a turning head and dizzy eyes. It also treats head wind, for which it is an essential drug. Decocted or powdered, both are good (Boncho 本草). ○ For head wind: schizonepeta spikes and calcined gypsum in equal parts, powdered, 2 don a dose taken down in a decoction of ginger and scallion; it is called Hyeonggae-san 荊芥散. (Gangmok 綱目)
Clinical note임상 주석
A second formula under the name Hyeonggae-san; the one in the formula database is the postpartum blood-dizziness powder of the Tangaek, which is a different prescription entirely. Here the drug is paired with calcined gypsum, which puts it with the cooling entries at the head of the section, and the ginger-and-scallion vehicle sends it outward to the surface.

Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

1.32.22
Source원문

葱白 連鬚者治傷寒頭痛. 煎服出汗卽效. 太陽經藥也. 《本草》

Translation영역
Scallion white (葱白): The kind with the roots left on treats the headache of cold damage. Decoct it and take; sweat comes out and it takes effect at once. It is a greater yang channel drug.
Clinical note임상 주석
連鬚者, with the whiskers left on — the fibrous roots are kept, and the corpus specifies it wherever the scallion is meant to push outward to the surface. A hot scallion broth for the headache and chill at the start of a cold is the most domestic prescription in the section and the one most people have met.

Boncho 本草

1.32.23
Source원문

菉豆 治頭風頭痛. 作枕枕之佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mung bean (菉豆): Treats head wind and headache. Make a pillow of the beans and sleep on it — good.
Clinical note임상 주석
The mung-bean pillow, which the cassia entry above ranks second to its own. Beans hold a shape and stay cool against the head through the night, and that — a firm, cool pillow — is the whole of the mechanism. Mung-bean pillows are still sold in Korea for the same complaint.

Boncho 本草

1.32.24
Source원문

蘿蔔 治偏頭痛. 取汁㗜鼻中.詳見㗜鼻條 ○炭烟熏人致頭痛, 生蘿葍取汁飮之. 無則蘿葍子硏爛取汁服亦佳. 《得效》

Translation영역
Radish (蘿蔔): Treats one-sided headache. Take the juice and sniff it up into the nose.— see the section on sniffing into the nose — ○ Where charcoal smoke has fumed a person and caused headache: take the juice of fresh radish and drink it. If there is none, grinding radish seed to a mash and taking the juice also serves.
Clinical note임상 주석
炭烟熏人致頭痛 — headache from charcoal smoke — is carbon monoxide poisoning, and in a country heated by charcoal under the floor it was a familiar emergency. The Bogam has the cause exactly right and the treatment exactly wrong: what the patient needs is fresh air at once and oxygen as soon as it can be had, and a headache with nausea in anyone near a charcoal or gas appliance should be treated as poisoning until proved otherwise. Radish juice does nothing for it.

Deukhyo 得效

1.32.25
Source원문

薄荷 治頭風. 又治風熱頭痛, 爲淸上要切之藥. 煎服末服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mint (薄荷): Treats head wind. It also treats wind-heat headache, being an essential drug for clearing the upper part. Decocted or powdered, both are good.
Clinical note임상 주석
Menthol applied to the forehead and temples has been shown to relieve tension-type headache, which makes mint — like tea and gypsum — one of the entries whose effect is not in doubt. 淸上, clearing the upper part, is the Bogam's category for the drugs that act on the head, and mint is its lightest member.

Boncho 本草

1.32.26
Source원문

黃牛腦髓 治偏正頭痛. 取髓一箇, 入白芷ㆍ川芎末 各三錢, 同入磁器內, 加酒煮熟, 乘熱服之, 盡量一醉, 醒後其疾如失. 《入門》

Translation영역
Yellow ox brain (黃牛腦髓): Treats one-sided and whole-head pain. Take one brain, add 3 don each of powdered dahurian angelica and cnidium, put them together into a porcelain vessel, add wine, boil it through, and take it hot — drink to the full and be drunk once; when one wakes, the trouble is gone as though lost.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This must not be eaten.** Bovine brain and spinal cord are the tissues that carry the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, which causes variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people; specified risk materials are excluded from the food supply in Korea and everywhere else for this reason, and no cooking destroys a prion. 盡量一醉, 醒後其疾如失 — drink to the full, be drunk once, and on waking the trouble is gone — is the most candid prescription in the section, and what it describes is a headache slept off under alcohol. The two herbs in it are the frontal and the general headache guides, so the formula is coherent; the vehicle is the problem.

Immun 入門

1.32.27
Source원문

鴟頭 主頭風眩顚倒. 燒灰酒調服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Kite's head (鴟頭): Governs head wind with dizziness and falling over. Burn it to ash and take it stirred into wine.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This is not to be used.** Birds of prey are protected in Korea and throughout the region. The same drug closes the Spirit chapter's simples, where it is given for epilepsy, and the reasoning is the same in both places — the bird's steady, level flight set against a person who reels and falls. Twenty-six simples, and the section ends as it began, with a logic of correspondences; but the dozen channel guides in the middle of it are a real pharmacology of headache, sorted by where the pain is, and that sorting is still how a Korean practitioner chooses between them.

Boncho 本草

1.33 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 鍼灸法

1.33.1
Source원문

眩暈, 取神庭ㆍ上星ㆍ顖會ㆍ前頂ㆍ後頂ㆍ腦空ㆍ風池ㆍ陽谷ㆍ大都ㆍ至陰ㆍ金門ㆍ申脉ㆍ足三里. 《綱目》 眩暈怕寒, 春夏常着綿帽, 暫去卽發, 取百會ㆍ上星ㆍ風池ㆍ豊隆. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For dizziness, take Sinjeong (神庭, GV24), Sangseong (上星, GV23), Sinhoe (顖會, GV22), Jeonjeong (前頂, GV21), Hujeong (後頂, GV19), Noegong (腦空, GB19), Pungji (風池, GB20), Yanggok (陽谷, SI5), Daedo (大都, SP2), Jieum (至陰, BL67), Geummun (金門, BL63), Sinmaek (申脉, BL62) and Jok-samni (足三里, ST36). For dizziness with dread of cold, where the patient wears a padded cap even in spring and summer and it breaks out the moment it is taken off, take Baekhoe (百會, GV20), Sangseong, Pungji and Pungnyung (豊隆, ST40).

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.2
Source원문

偏正頭痛, 取絲竹空ㆍ風池ㆍ合谷ㆍ中脘ㆍ解谿ㆍ足三里. 《綱目》 正頭痛, 取百會ㆍ上星ㆍ神庭ㆍ太陽ㆍ合谷. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For one-sided and full headache, take Sajukgong (絲竹空, TE23), Pungji, Hapgok (合谷, LI4), Jungwan (中脘, CV12), Haegye (解谿, ST41) and Jok-samni. For headache proper, take Baekhoe, Sangseong, Sinjeong, Taeyang (太陽) and Hapgok.

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.3
Source원문

腎厥頭痛, 灸關元 百壯. 《資生》 厥逆頭痛齒亦痛, 灸曲鬢 七壯. 《資生》 痰厥頭痛, 取豊隆. 《綱目》 頭風頭痛, 鍼百會立愈; 又灸顖會ㆍ前頂ㆍ上星ㆍ百會. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For kidney reversal headache, moxa Gwanwon (關元, CV4) a hundred cones. For reversal headache with the teeth aching too, moxa Gokbin (曲鬢, GB7) seven cones. For phlegm reversal headache, take Pungnyung. For head wind and headache, needling Baekhoe heals at once; also moxa Sinhoe, Jeonjeong, Sangseong and Baekhoe.

Jasaenggyeong 資生經 · Gangmok 綱目 · Dansim 丹心

1.33.4
Source원문

腦痛ㆍ腦旋ㆍ腦瀉ㆍ腦熱ㆍ腦冷, 皆灸顖會. 《資生》

Translation영역
Brain pain, brain whirling, brain discharge, brain heat and brain cold — for all of these, moxa at Sinhoe (顖會, GV22).
Clinical note임상 주석
Five complaints named for the brain and one point for all five. 顖會 lies over the anterior fontanelle, which is as close to the inside of the head as the point repertory can get, and the Jasaenggyeong treats it as the access to everything behind the skull — 腦瀉, brain discharge, being the nasal running the Nose chapter gives to the same region.

Jasaenggyeong 資生經

1.33.5
Source원문

眉積骨痛, 取攢竹ㆍ合谷ㆍ神庭ㆍ頭維ㆍ解谿. 《綱目》 醉後頭痛, 平印堂ㆍ攢竹ㆍ足三里ㆍ風門ㆍ膻中. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For pain of the brow ridge, take Chanjuk (攢竹, BL2), Hapgok, Sinjeong, Duyu (頭維, ST8) and Haegye. For headache after drink, take Injang (印堂), Chanjuk, Jok-samni, Pungmun (風門, BL12) and Danjung (膻中, CV17).

Gangmok 綱目

1.33.6
Source원문

一老婦久患頭痛, 因視其手足, 有血絡皆紫黑, 遂用鍼刺出血如墨汁, 後刺受病之經, 得全愈. 《綱目》 偏頭痛及正頭痛, 取阿是穴鍼之卽愈.

Translation영역
An old woman had long suffered headache; looking at her hands and feet, the blood vessels were all purple-black, so a needle was used to let out blood like ink, and afterwards the diseased channel was needled and she was wholly healed. For one-sided and full headache, needling the ashi point heals it at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
因視其手足 — he looked at her hands and feet. A headache of long standing, and the physician's first move is to examine the extremities rather than the head. The Sinew chapter's 10.3 gave the rule he then follows: take the sore place as the point.

Gangmok 綱目

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Outer Form, Volume 1, Head chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.