寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

Hand

Su

한글 수  ·  Pinyin Shou

The arm from shoulder to fingertip — its measures, its pain, and what the palm reveals

手

The Hand chapter is the Donguibogam at its most orthopaedic. It opens with bone measurements and the naming of every segment from shoulder to wrist, then turns to the palm as a window onto the stomach, and settles into its real subject: the arm that hurts and will not lift. Two long sections divide that complaint by cause — wind, cold and damp on one side, phlegm-rheum on the other — and the differential between them is the chapter's central clinical teaching. Heo Jun closes with the nails as prognostic signs, whitlow, winter fissures, and the point selections for every segment of the upper limb.

1.1 Measures of the Hand 手部度數

1.1.1
Source원문

肩至肘 長一尺七寸, 肘至腕, 長一尺二寸半. 腕至中指本節, 長四寸, 本節至其末, 長四寸半. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
From shoulder to elbow is 1 cheok 7 chon; from elbow to wrist, 1 cheok 2.5 chon. From wrist to the base joint of the middle finger is 4 chon; from that base joint to its tip, 4.5 chon.
Clinical note임상 주석
These are the proportional body-inch (同身寸) measures used to locate points on the upper limb, not absolute lengths — the cheok and chon scale to the individual patient. The shoulder-to-elbow and elbow-to-wrist figures are the ones in daily use: they set the divisions for locating points such as Sugsamni (手三里) and Oegwan (外關) on any arm regardless of the patient's size.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.2 The Hand Comprises Shoulder, Upper Arm, Elbow, Forearm and Wrist 手領肩臑肘臂腕

1.2.1
Source원문

項傍缺盆之上曰肩.

Translation영역
Beside the neck, above the empty basin (缺盆, the supraclavicular fossa), is called the shoulder (肩).

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.2.2
Source원문

肩下臂上 通名曰臑.

Translation영역
Below the shoulder and above the forearm is generally called the upper arm (臑).

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.2.3
Source원문

臑下臂上接處曰肘 肘卽臂節也.

Translation영역
Where the upper arm below and the forearm above join is called the elbow (肘); the elbow is the joint of the arm.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.2.4
Source원문

肘下掌上 名曰臂, 臂有二骨.

Translation영역
Below the elbow and above the palm is called the forearm (臂); the forearm has two bones.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.2.5
Source원문

臂下掌上節處曰腕 又曰, 掌後曰腕. 《銅人》

Translation영역
The jointed place below the forearm and above the palm is called the wrist (腕). It is also said: behind the palm is the wrist.

Dongin 銅人

1.2.6
Source원문

肢脛者 人之管以趨翔者也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The limbs and shanks are what a person manages in order to stride and move about.
Clinical note임상 주석
One graph is lost in the source printing after 趨. Supplied as 翔 from the Lingshu parallel, giving the familiar pairing of striding and ranging freely. The sense is unaffected either way: the limbs are the apparatus of locomotion. Note that this passage yokes arm and leg together — the Donguibogam treats 四肢 as a single functional category before it separates hand from foot.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.3 The Five Fingers Have Names 手五指有名

1.3.1
Source원문

一曰大指 二曰鹽指, 三曰長指, 四曰無名指, 五曰小指. 《銅人》

Translation영역
The first is called the great finger (大指, thumb); the second, the salt finger (鹽指, index); the third, the long finger (長指, middle); the fourth, the nameless finger (無名指, ring); the fifth, the small finger (小指, little).
Clinical note임상 주석
The index is the salt finger because it is the one used for tasting — a household usage preserved in the medical literature. The ring finger is nameless for the plain reason that it had no job to be named after. These names still govern the channel descriptions later in the chapter, where the hand yang brightness ends at the 大指次指 (the finger next to the thumb, i.e. the index) and the hand lesser yang at the 小指次指 (the finger next to the little finger, i.e. the ring).

Dongin 銅人

1.4 The Four Limbs Are the Root of All Yang 四肢爲諸陽之本

1.4.1
Source원문

內經曰 四肢者, 諸陽之本也, 陽盛則四肢實. 又曰, 諸陽受氣於四肢也.

Translation영역
The Inner Classic says: the four limbs are the root of all yang; when yang is exuberant, the four limbs are replete. It also says: all the yang receive their Qi in the four limbs.
Clinical note임상 주석
This single line is the structural premise of everything that follows. Because the limbs are where yang gathers and is received, limb disorders are read as disorders of yang Qi distribution — which is why the chapter's pathomechanisms run through the Spleen and Stomach (the source of the Qi) rather than through local tissue injury, and why cold hands and hot palms are treated as systemic rather than peripheral signs.

Naegyeong 內經

1.5 The Palm Is Examined to Assess the Stomach 手掌以候胃

1.5.1
Source원문

靈樞曰 掌中熱者, 腹中熱, 掌中寒者, 腹中寒.

Translation영역
The Divine Pivot says: when there is heat in the palm, there is heat in the abdomen; when there is cold in the palm, there is cold in the abdomen.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.5.2
Source원문

魚上白肉有靑血脉者, 胃中有寒. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
When the white flesh above the fish (魚, the thenar eminence) shows green-blue blood vessels, there is cold in the stomach.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.5.3
Source원문

胃中寒 則手魚際之絡多靑, 胃中有熱, 則魚際之絡赤. 其暴黑者, 久留痺也. 其有赤有黑有靑者, 寒熱氣也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
When there is cold in the stomach, the network vessels at the fish border (魚際) are mostly green-blue; when there is heat in the stomach, the network vessels at the fish border are red. Where they are suddenly black, there is long-lodged impediment (痺). Where there is red and black and green-blue together, it is cold and heat Qi mixed.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.5.4
Source원문

大指本節後白肉際名曰魚, 以其形似魚也. 有穴名魚際. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The border of white flesh behind the base joint of the thumb is called the fish (魚), because its shape resembles a fish. There is a point there named Eoje (魚際, Fish Border).

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.5.5
Source원문

傷寒手心熱者 邪在裏也. 手背熱者, 邪在表也. 手足溫者, 陽證也. 手足冷者, 陰證也. 《回春》

Translation영역
In cold damage, when the centre of the palm is hot, the evil is in the interior; when the back of the hand is hot, the evil is in the exterior. When the hands and feet are warm, it is a yang pattern; when the hands and feet are cold, it is a yin pattern.
Clinical note임상 주석
Palm hot versus dorsum hot is one of the fastest bedside discriminations in the classical repertoire, and it survives intact in modern practice — the patient who complains of burning palms and soles is describing an interior heat picture, typically yin vacuity, while heat felt on the back of the hands points outward to an exterior pattern. The thenar inspection above is a related but distinct examination: colour of the thenar network vessels reads the Stomach, and a sudden blackness there is read as chronic impediment rather than as an acute sign.

Hoechun 回春

1.6 Heat in the Four Limbs 四肢熱

1.6.1
Source원문

黃帝曰 人有四肢熱, 逢風寒, 如炙如火者, 何也. 岐伯曰, 是人者, 陰氣虛, 陽氣盛. 四肢者, 陽也. 兩陽相得, 而陰氣虛少, 少水不能滅盛火, 而陽獨治. 獨治者, 不能生長也. 獨勝而止耳. 逢風而如炙如火者, 是人當肉爍也. 《內經》

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor said: there are people whose four limbs are hot, and who on meeting wind and cold feel as if roasted over a fire. Why is this? Qi Bo said: in such a person the yin Qi is vacuous and the yang Qi exuberant. The four limbs are yang. When two yangs meet each other while the yin Qi is scant, the small water cannot extinguish the exuberant fire, and yang governs alone. What governs alone cannot engender and grow — it merely prevails alone and stops there. One who meets wind and feels roasted as if over a fire will, in due course, have his flesh melt away.
Clinical note임상 주석
A paradoxical presentation worth recognizing: the patient reports burning limbs that get worse, not better, on exposure to cold air. The classical reading is that yang has no yin to check it, so external cold provokes rather than relieves. The closing prognosis — 肉爍, flesh melting — describes the muscle wasting that follows unopposed yang, and links this section to the wasting patterns treated in the Sogal chapter. **Modern correspondence: burning-limb sensation of small-fibre neuropathy, or the heat intolerance and wasting of thyrotoxicosis.**

Naegyeong 內經

1.7 The Four Limbs Do Not Function 四肢不用

1.7.1
Source원문

黃帝曰 脾病而四肢不用, 何也. 岐伯對曰, 四肢, 皆稟氣於胃, 而不得至經, 必因於脾, 乃得稟也. 今脾病, 不能爲胃行其津液, 四肢不得稟水穀氣, 氣日以衰, 脉道不利, 筋骨肌肉, 皆無氣以生, 故不用焉. 《內經》

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor said: when the Spleen is diseased the four limbs do not function. Why is this? Qi Bo replied: the four limbs all receive their Qi from the Stomach, yet it cannot reach the channels on its own — it must go by way of the Spleen to be received. Now when the Spleen is diseased it cannot move the fluids on the Stomach's behalf, and the four limbs no longer receive the Qi of water and grain. That Qi declines day by day, the vessel pathways lose their free flow, and sinew, bone and flesh all have no Qi by which to live. Therefore they do not function.

Naegyeong 內經

1.7.2
Source원문

四肢解墮者 脾精之不行也. 《內經》

Translation영역
Slackening and dropping of the four limbs is the Spleen essence failing to move.

Naegyeong 內經

1.7.3
Source원문

帝曰 人之嚲者, 何氣使然. 岐伯曰, 胃不實, 則諸脉虛, 諸脉虛, 則筋脉解墮, 筋脉解墮, 則行陰用力, 氣不能復, 故爲嚲. 嚲謂手足嚲曳也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The Emperor said: when a person is slack-limbed (嚲), what Qi brings this about? Qi Bo said: when the Stomach is not replete, all the vessels are vacuous; when all the vessels are vacuous, the sinews and vessels slacken and drop; when the sinews and vessels slacken and drop, then exertion during yin activity exhausts the Qi so that it cannot return — hence slackness. 嚲 means the hands and feet hanging and dragging.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.7.4
Source원문

帝曰 脾與胃以膜相連, 而能爲之行其津液, 何也. 岐伯曰, 足太陰者, 脾也. 爲之行氣於三陰. 陽明者, 胃也. 亦爲之行氣於三陽. 藏府各因其經, 而受氣於陽明. 故爲胃行其津液也. 《內經》

Translation영역
The Emperor said: the Spleen and Stomach are joined only by a membrane, yet the Spleen is able to move the Stomach's fluids on its behalf. How is this? Qi Bo said: the foot greater yin is the Spleen; it moves Qi for the Stomach through the three yin. The yang brightness is the Stomach; it likewise moves Qi through the three yang. The viscera and bowels each follow their own channel and receive Qi from the yang brightness. Thus the Spleen moves the Stomach's fluids on its behalf.
Clinical note임상 주석
The source printing drops one graph after 足 and carries a stray 大 in the margin; the reading is 太, giving 足太陰 (foot greater yin, the Spleen channel). Confirmed by the Suwen parallel and by the answering clause on yang brightness.

Naegyeong 內經

1.7.5
Source원문

脾實 則四肢不擧. 內經曰, 脾太過, 則令人四肢不擧, 是也. 此謂膏粱之疾, 其治宜瀉. 三化湯方見風門, 調胃承氣湯方見寒門, 選而用之. 若脾虛, 則四肢不用, 盖脾病不能與胃行其津液, 其治宜補. 十全大補湯方見虛勞, 去邪留正. 《保命》

Translation영역
When the Spleen is replete, the four limbs cannot be raised. The Inner Classic says that when the Spleen is excessive it causes a person to be unable to raise the four limbs — this is it. This is called a disease of rich food, and its treatment should drain: select and use Samhwa-tang 三化湯 formula in the Wind chapter or Jowiseunggi-tang 調胃承氣湯 formula in the Cold chapter. If the Spleen is vacuous, then the four limbs do not function, for a diseased Spleen cannot move the fluids together with the Stomach; its treatment should supplement — Sipjeondaebo-tang 十全大補湯 formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter dispels the evil and retains the right.
Clinical note임상 주석
The replete/vacuous fork is the practical content of this section. Both present as a limb that will not work, and the whole treatment reverses depending on which it is: drain the surfeit of rich food, or supplement the failed transformation. 膏粱之疾 — the disease of fat meat and fine grain — is the classical name for the disorders of the overfed, and it reads uncomfortably well as a description of metabolic disease. **Modern correspondence: flaccid paresis of the limbs; the replete variant maps onto the limb weakness seen with metabolic and inflammatory burden, the vacuous onto deconditioning and malabsorptive weakness.**

Bomyeong 保命

1.8 Causes of Shoulder and Arm Disease 肩臂病因

1.8.1
Source원문

靈樞曰 肺心有邪, 其氣流于兩肘.

Translation영역
The Divine Pivot says: when there is evil in the Lung and Heart, its Qi flows into the two elbows.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Lung and Heart channels both traverse the medial elbow, which is the anatomical basis of the claim — and the reason a persistent medial elbow complaint is worth a chest inquiry rather than a purely local reading.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.8.2
Source원문

手屈而不伸者 其病在筋, 伸而不屈者, 其病在骨, 在骨守骨, 在筋守筋. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
When the hand bends but will not straighten, the disease is in the sinews; when it straightens but will not bend, the disease is in the bone. What is in the bone, treat at the bone; what is in the sinew, treat at the sinew.
Clinical note임상 주석
A two-line examination that still holds. Loss of extension with preserved flexion points to contracture of the flexor soft tissue; loss of flexion with preserved extension points to the joint itself. The closing instruction — treat at the level where the lesion lies — governs needle depth as much as point selection.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.8.3
Source원문

酒家之癖 多爲項腫臂痛. 盖熱在上焦, 不能淸利. 故醞釀日久, 生痰涎, 聚飮氣, 流走於項臂之間, 不腫則痛耳. 《直指》

Translation영역
The habitual drinker's affliction is commonly swelling of the nape and pain in the arm. Heat lies in the upper burner and cannot be cleared and disinhibited; so, fermenting over long days, it engenders phlegm-drool and gathers rheum Qi, which flows and runs between the nape and the arm — where it does not swell, it aches.
Clinical note임상 주석
The verb 醞釀, to ferment or brew, is doing deliberate work here: the drinker's shoulder is described as brewing its own pathology by the same process that made the wine. This passage is the bridge into the phlegm-rheum section that follows, and it identifies the patient population — the heavy drinker with neck and shoulder complaints — for whom the phlegm formulas outperform the wind-damp ones.

Jikji 直指

1.8.4
Source원문

臂爲風寒濕所搏 或睡後手在被外, 爲寒邪所襲, 遂令臂痛. 或乳婦以臂枕兒, 傷於風寒, 亦致臂痛. 寒痛, 宜五積散方見寒門, 風痛, 宜烏藥順氣散, 濕痛, 宜蠲痺湯幷見風門, 加蒼朮ㆍ酒防己. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
The arm may be assailed by wind, cold and damp; or the hand may lie outside the bedding during sleep and be raided by cold evil, which then causes arm pain; or a nursing mother may pillow her child on her arm and be damaged by wind cold, likewise bringing on arm pain. For cold pain, use Ojeok-san 五積散 formula in the Cold chapter; for wind pain, Oyaksungi-san 烏藥順氣散; for damp pain, Gyeonbi-tang 蠲痺湯 both in the Wind chapter, adding black atractylodes and wine-processed stephania.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three aetiologies, each with a concrete scene. The arm left outside the covers and the nursing mother's pillowed arm are observational medicine of a high order — both describe a limb held immobile in a sustained position while cooling, which is a recognizable modern account of how a shoulder becomes painful overnight. The nursing-mother case is also a reminder that this chapter was written for a practice seeing ordinary domestic complaints.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.8.9
Source원문

折傷後 手足痛, 宜應痛元.

Translation영역
For pain of the hands and feet after fracture or injury, use Eungtong-won 應痛元.
Clinical note임상 주석
These five lines are the chapter's prescribing index for shoulder and arm pain, sorted by cause rather than by site: stagnation, wind-damp, emotion, scapular involvement, trauma. Taken with the phlegm-rheum section following, they give six discriminable causes for a single presenting complaint — which is the practical answer to why one patient's frozen shoulder responds to a formula that does nothing for the next.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.9 Phlegm-Rheum Is Often the Cause of Arm Pain 痰飮多爲臂痛

1.9.1
Source원문

凡人忽患, 胸背手脚腰胯隱痛不可忍, 連筋骨牽引釣痛, 坐臥不寧, 時時走易不定, 意謂是風證, 或疑是癰疽, 皆非也. 此乃痰涎伏在心膈上下, 變爲此疾. 《集要》

Translation영역
When a person suddenly suffers a hidden pain in the chest, back, hands, feet, lumbus or hip that cannot be borne, dragging and hooking along the sinews and bones, unable to sit or lie in peace, shifting from time to time and never fixed — one supposes it is a wind pattern, or suspects a welling abscess. It is neither. This is phlegm-drool lying hidden above and below the heart and diaphragm, which has transformed into this disease.
Clinical note임상 주석
The three cardinal features are given plainly: severe pain out of proportion to findings, migration without fixed location, and inability to find a comfortable position. Together they define the phlegm-rheum presentation and separate it from both wind patterns and suppurative disease — a differential that mattered because the treatments diverge completely. A modern reader will recognize the picture of widespread migratory musculoskeletal pain in a patient who looks well on examination.

Jibyo 集要

1.9.2
Source원문

治臂痛不能擧 或左右時復轉移, 由伏痰在中脘停滯, 脾氣不得流行, 上與氣搏. 四肢屬脾, 滯而氣不升, 故上行攻臂, 其脉沈細者, 是也. 氣實者, 控涎丹方見痰門最效. 宜用半硝丸ㆍ消痰茯苓丸. 《入門》

Translation영역
To treat arm pain with inability to raise the arm, shifting from left to right and back again from time to time: it arises from hidden phlegm halting and stagnating in the centre duct, so that Spleen Qi cannot move freely and contends with the Qi above. The four limbs belong to the Spleen; when it is stagnant and the Qi does not bear upward, it travels up and assails the arm. A sunken and fine pulse confirms it. Where the Qi is replete, Gongyeon-dan 控涎丹 formula in the Phlegm chapter is most effective. Otherwise use Bancho-hwan 半硝丸 or Sodambokryeong-hwan 消痰茯苓丸.
Clinical note임상 주석
The pathomechanism is worth following because it explains an otherwise odd claim — that a shoulder problem originates in the epigastrium. Phlegm stalls in the centre duct, Spleen Qi cannot bear upward, and since the limbs are Spleen territory the obstructed Qi drives up into the arm instead. The sunken fine pulse is the confirming sign, and the alternation between arms is the feature no structural lesion can produce.

Immun 入門

1.9.4
Source원문

臂痛 或麻木, 或戰掉, 皆痰飮所作, 二陳湯方見痰門, 呑下靑州白元子方見痰門.

Translation영역
Arm pain, or numbness, or trembling and shaking — all are made by phlegm-rheum. Use Ijin-tang 二陳湯 formula in the Phlegm chapter to swallow down Cheongjubaegwonja 靑州白元子 formula in the Phlegm chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
Numbness and tremor are grouped with pain as expressions of one cause, which is why this section's formulas reappear later at 心虛手振 (1.16) and 十指麻木 (1.13). The delivery method — a decoction used to swallow a pill — is standard for getting a drying pill past the stomach with a moving, harmonizing escort.

Immun 入門

1.10 Arm Pain Has Six Channel Pathways 臂痛有六道經絡

1.10.1
Source원문

當以兩手伸直 其臂貼身垂下, 大指居前, 小指居後而定之, 則其臂臑之前廉痛屬陽明經, 後廉痛屬太陽經, 外廉痛屬少陽經, 內廉痛屬厥陰經, 內前廉痛屬太陰經, 內後廉痛屬少陰經. 視其何經, 而用鍼藥治之也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Have the patient straighten both hands, let the arms hang against the body, thumbs forward and little fingers behind, and fix the position thus. Then: pain on the anterior edge of the forearm and upper arm belongs to the yang brightness channel; pain on the posterior edge, to the greater yang; pain on the outer edge, to the lesser yang; pain on the inner edge, to the reverting yin; pain on the inner-anterior edge, to the greater yin; pain on the inner-posterior edge, to the lesser yin. Observe which channel it is, and treat with needles and medicine accordingly.
Clinical note임상 주석
This is the single most immediately usable passage in the chapter. Li Dongyuan begins by standardizing the anatomical position — arms hanging, thumbs forward — because the channel map only holds if the limb is oriented consistently, a methodological point that would not be out of place in a modern examination text. Six zones, six channels, and the instruction to let the finding select the treatment. In practice this converts a vague complaint of arm pain into a channel diagnosis in one movement, and it is the reason the acupuncture section at the end of this chapter can be so terse: the localization work has already been done here.

Dongwon 東垣

1.11 Wind Invading the Extremities 風淫末疾

1.11.1
Source원문

詳見風門.

Translation영역
Discussed in detail in the Wind chapter (風門).
Clinical note임상 주석
Heo Jun files wind disorders of the limbs under Wind rather than under Hand, organizing by causative evil rather than by affected region. The phrase 風淫末疾 comes from the Zuo Zhuan's account of the six excesses, where 末 denotes the extremities — the distal parts reached last by Qi and therefore the first to fail. The cross-reference is retained here to preserve the original section numbering; it will become a live link when the Wind chapter is translated.

Donguibogam · Su

1.12 Yang Bind Pattern 結陽證

1.12.1
Source원문

詳見浮腫.

Translation영역
Discussed in detail in the Edema chapter (浮腫門).
Clinical note임상 주석
Yang bind pattern presents as swelling of the four limbs, and Heo Jun places it with the edemas rather than with the limb disorders because the governing mechanism is yang Qi bound and unable to move fluid, not a disease of the arm as such. The placement is consistent with 1.4 above: because the limbs are where yang gathers, limb swelling is read as a yang distribution failure.

Donguibogam · Su

1.13 Numbness of the Ten Fingers 十指麻木

1.13.1
Source원문

詳見皮部.

Translation영역
Discussed in detail in the Skin chapter (皮部).
Clinical note임상 주석
Numbness is classed as a disorder of the skin rather than of the hand, since 在皮 — being at the level of the skin — describes the depth of the lesion, and depth governs treatment as established at 1.8 (what is in the bone, treat at the bone; what is in the sinew, treat at the sinew). Note that finger numbness also appears at 1.9 above as an expression of phlegm-rheum, so the two chapters give different readings of the same complaint and both are worth consulting. **Modern correspondence: peripheral neuropathy, paresthesia.**

Donguibogam · Su

1.14 Dislocation of the Shoulder and Arm Bone 肩臂骨脫臼

1.14.1
Source원문

兩肩頭冷疼 尤不可忽, 屢見將中風人. 臂骨脫臼, 不與肩相連接, 多有治不愈者. 要之, 纔覺肩上冷疼, 必先灸肩髃等穴, 毋使至於此極可也. 《資生》

Translation영역
Cold aching at the crown of both shoulders must not be neglected. It has repeatedly been seen in those about to be struck by wind: the arm bone slips from its socket and no longer connects with the shoulder, and many such cases are treated without being cured. The essential point is this — as soon as cold aching is felt on the shoulder, one must first moxa Gyeonu (肩髃, LI15) and similar points, so as not to let it reach this extremity.
Clinical note임상 주석
One graph is lost after 不可 in the source printing; supplied as 忽 (to neglect), which the sentence requires and which the following clause confirms. The clinical content is a prevention argument: cold shoulder ache is treated as a prodrome, and the instruction is to moxa early rather than wait for the disabling stage. Whether the 臂骨脫臼 described is true dislocation or the profound loss of glenohumeral function seen after stroke is not resolvable from the text — the association with impending wind strike suggests the latter, and the observation that such cases often fail treatment fits post-stroke shoulder subluxation better than it fits traumatic dislocation.

Jasaeng 資生

1.14.2
Source원문

留飮之證 四肢歷節痛, 氣短脉沈, 久則令人骨節蹉跌. 宜導痰湯方見痰門加減用之. 《入門》

Translation영역
In the pattern of lodged rheum, there is pain running through the joints of the four limbs, shortness of breath, and a sunken pulse; over time it causes the bone joints to slip and give way. Use Dodam-tang 導痰湯 formula in the Phlegm chapter with additions and subtractions.
Clinical note임상 주석
A second mechanism for the failing shoulder, distinct from the first: not cold ache preceding wind strike but rheum lodged in the joints, with the breathlessness and sunken pulse that mark the phlegm patterns of 1.9. 蹉跌 — slipping and stumbling — describes joints that give way rather than joints that hurt, and it places this passage close to what would now be called joint instability.

Immun 入門

1.15 The Hands Pick at the Bedclothes and Grope at the Air 手循衣撮空摸床

1.15.1
Source원문

傷寒熱病之極 手循衣撮空摸床者, 凶. 産後血脫, 亦有此證. 《綱目》

Translation영역
At the height of cold damage heat disease, when the hands run along the clothing, pluck at the empty air and grope over the bed, the sign is inauspicious. After childbirth with blood collapse, this pattern also occurs.

Gangmok 綱目

1.15.2
Source원문

病人手尋衣領 及亂捻物者, 肝熱也. 手搯眉目鼻面者, 肺熱也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
When the patient's hand searches for the collar of the garment and fumbles at objects at random, it is Liver heat. When the hand picks at the brows, eyes, nose and face, it is Lung heat.

Gangmok 綱目

1.15.3
Source원문

傷寒熱病 尋衣撮空, 許學士說作肝熱, 風淫末疾. 此論雖然莫若斷之爲肺熱似爲愈矣. 其人必譫言妄語. 經曰, 肺邪入心爲譫語, 兼上焦有疾, 肺必主之. 手經者, 上焦也. 此肺之體, 肝之用. 肝主血, 血者, 陰物也. 陰不能自動. 盖肺主氣, 爲氣所鼓舞, 故靜者得動. 一者說肝之用, 一者說肺之體, 此天地互爲體用也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
In cold damage heat disease with searching at the clothes and plucking at the air, Scholar Heo explained it as Liver heat and as wind invading the extremities. Although this argument stands, it seems better to settle it as Lung heat. Such a person will certainly speak deliriously and talk wildly. The Classic says that when Lung evil enters the Heart there is delirious speech; and where there is disease in the upper burner besides, the Lung must govern it. The hand channels are the upper burner. This is the Lung's substance and the Liver's function. The Liver governs the Blood; Blood is a yin thing, and yin cannot move of itself. It is the Lung that governs Qi, and being drummed up by the Qi, what was still is able to move. The one account speaks of the Liver's function, the other of the Lung's substance — this is heaven and earth serving as substance and function to one another.
Clinical note임상 주석
Carphologia and floccillation — picking at the bedclothes and grasping at the air — are recognized in modern medicine as terminal delirium signs, and the Donguibogam reads them the same way: 凶, inauspicious. What is unusual here is the extended argument over which viscus is responsible, with Li Dongyuan conceding his opponent's reasoning and then reframing the disagreement as substance versus function rather than right versus wrong. The clinical takeaway survives the metaphysics intact: this sign appears at the extremity of febrile illness and after postpartum hemorrhage, and it is a sign of gravity rather than a symptom to be treated locally. **Modern correspondence: carphologia/floccillation in terminal delirium.**

Dongwon 東垣

1.16 Trembling Hands from Heart Vacuity 心虛手振

1.16.1
Source원문

心虛手振 見神門. 酒客手振, 見內傷.

Translation영역
For trembling hands from Heart vacuity, see the Spirit chapter (神門). For the trembling hands of the habitual drinker, see the Internal Damage chapter (內傷門).
Clinical note임상 주석
Not a bare cross-reference but a two-way differential compressed into one line: the same tremor is sent to two different chapters depending on whether the cause is Heart vacuity or drink. Note that 1.9 above offers a third reading — tremor as phlegm-rheum, treated with Ijin-tang swallowing Cheongjubaegwonja — so the Donguibogam recognizes at least three distinct pathways to a shaking hand. **Modern correspondence: tremor; the drinker's variant covers both intoxication tremor and withdrawal tremor.**

Donguibogam · Su

1.17 Divining Disease from the Nails 手爪占病

1.17.1
Source원문

內經曰 肝之合筋也. 其榮爪也.

Translation영역
The Inner Classic says: the Liver couples with the sinews, and its bloom is in the nails.

Naegyeong 內經

1.17.2
Source원문

肝熱者 色蒼而爪枯. 《內經》

Translation영역
In Liver heat, the complexion is green-blue and the nails are withered.

Naegyeong 內經

1.17.3
Source원문

病人爪甲白者 不治.

Translation영역
When a patient's nails are white, it is untreatable.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

1.17.4
Source원문

病人爪甲靑者 死.

Translation영역
When a patient's nails are green-blue, death follows.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

1.17.5
Source원문

病人手足爪甲下肉黑者, 八日死.

Translation영역
When the flesh beneath the nails of a patient's hands and feet is black, death follows in eight days.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

1.17.6
Source원문

病人手掌腫無文者 死. 《扁鵲》

Translation영역
When a patient's palm is swollen and shows no lines, death follows.
Clinical note임상 주석
The prognostic series should be read as observation rather than prophecy, and three of the four have recognizable modern counterparts: white nail beds in profound anemia, cyanotic nails in hypoxia, and blackened subungual tissue in gangrene or septic embolism. The last — a palm so swollen the creases disappear — describes massive edema of the hand. The eight-day figure attached to the third sign is the kind of specificity classical prognostic texts favour and should not be taken literally; what it records is that this sign was watched and found to be followed quickly by death. The opening pair of passages supply the theoretical ground: nails are the surplus of the sinews and thus the Liver's outward bloom, which is why nail change is read as a systemic rather than local finding.

Pyeonjak 扁鵲

1.18 Whitlow 代指

1.18.1
Source원문

代指者 指頭先腫, 焮熱掣痛, 然後於爪甲邊結膿潰破, 甚者, 爪甲俱脫. 《入門》

Translation영역
In whitlow (代指), the fingertip swells first with scorching heat and wrenching pain; afterwards pus binds at the edge of the nail and breaks open, and in severe cases the nail comes off entirely.
Clinical note임상 주석
A clean clinical description of acute paronychia: tumor, calor, dolor at the nail fold, progressing to a pointing abscess and, when neglected, to nail loss. **Modern correspondence: acute bacterial paronychia; the severe form is a felon (distal pulp space infection).**

Immun 入門

1.18.2
Source원문

代指 亦謂之天蛇頭瘡. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Whitlow is also called heaven-snake head sore (天蛇頭瘡).

Gangmok 綱目

1.18.3
Source원문

天蛇頭瘡 開口腫痛, 以雄黃入雞子內, 以患指浸其中一宿, 次早, 更以蜈蚣燒烟, 熏病指一二次, 卽消. 《入門》

Translation영역
For heaven-snake head sore that has opened and is swollen and painful: put realgar inside a hen's egg, steep the affected finger in it overnight, and the next morning burn centipede for its smoke and fumigate the diseased finger once or twice — it will disperse.
Clinical note임상 주석
Realgar is arsenic sulphide and centipede is toxic; neither belongs on broken skin in contemporary practice. Recorded as documented.

Immun 入門

1.18.4
Source원문

治代指 蒲公英, 與蒼耳草等分爲末, 好醋濃煎, 浸洗卽愈. 《丹心》

Translation영역
To treat whitlow: powder dandelion and cocklebur herb in equal parts, decoct thickly in good vinegar, and soak and wash the finger — it will heal.

Dansim 丹心

1.18.5
Source원문

蒲公英擣細 水和去滓服之, 滓罨患處, 累效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Pound dandelion fine, mix with water, strain off the dregs and drink it; apply the dregs as a compress over the affected place. Repeatedly effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
The source prints a rare graph here; read as 罨, to apply as a compress, which the sentence requires. Note the structure of the treatment — the strained liquid taken internally and the residue used topically, so nothing is wasted and the medicine works from both directions. Dandelion is the through-line of this section, appearing in three of the nine passages.

Dansim 丹心

1.18.6
Source원문

手指忽腫痛 名爲代指, 焰焇煎湯淋漬之. 又取烏梅核中仁爲末, 醋調成膏, 入指漬之, 自愈. 《本草》

Translation영역
When a finger suddenly swells and hurts, it is called whitlow. Decoct saltpetre and pour it over and steep the finger. Also: powder the kernel from within the mume plum stone, mix with vinegar into a paste, insert the finger and let it soak — it will heal of itself.

Boncho 本草

1.18.7
Source원문

又猪脂和蚯蚓擣爛付之. 又田螺生擣碎付之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Also: pound lard together with earthworm to a pulp and apply. Also: pound a live rice-field snail to fragments and apply.

Boncho 本草

1.18.8
Source원문

生雞卵開一孔 將指浸之, 三箇卽愈. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Open a single hole in a raw hen's egg and steep the finger in it; after three eggs it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
The egg appears twice in this section, once as a vehicle for realgar and once alone. Stripped of the mineral, what remains is a warm moist enclosed soak of the fingertip — which is, in mechanism, close to the warm soaks still recommended for early paronychia before it points.

Gangmok 綱目

1.18.9
Source원문

手足觸木惡刺 及狐尿刺腫痛, 蒲公英摘取白汁, 多塗, 立差. 《入門》

Translation영역
For hands and feet struck by wood splinters and malign thorns, and for the swelling and pain of fox-urine thorn, pick dandelion and take its white sap, apply generously — it resolves at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
狐尿刺, fox-urine thorn, is the classical name for a thorn wound that becomes disproportionately inflamed — the belief being that a fox had urinated on the plant. What it names is the infected puncture wound, and grouping it with splinter injuries here is anatomically sensible: both are inoculation injuries of the hand, and both were the common route to the whitlow described at the head of this section.

Immun 入門

1.19 Chapping and Fissuring of the Hands and Feet 手足皸裂

1.19.1
Source원문

冬月手足皸裂作痛 宜用黃蠟膏ㆍ臘享膏方見雜方.

Translation영역
For painful chapping and fissuring of the hands and feet in the winter months, use Hwangrap-go 黃蠟膏 or Naphyang-go 臘享膏 formula in the Miscellaneous chapter.

Donguibogam · Su

1.19.2
Source원문

手足皸裂 取生薑汁ㆍ紅糟ㆍ白鹽ㆍ臘猪脂同硏爛炒熱, 擦入皸內, 一時雖痛, 少頃卽安. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For chapped and fissured hands and feet: take fresh ginger juice, red rice lees, white salt and year-end lard, grind them together to a pulp, fry until hot, and rub it into the fissures. Though it hurts for a moment, shortly it settles.
Clinical note임상 주석
The warning that it will sting before it soothes is the honest part of this entry, and it is accurate — salt and ginger in an open fissure will burn. The formulation is nonetheless coherent: lard occludes, salt is antiseptic, and the fermented lees supply acid and moisture. A patient told in advance that the remedy stings is far more likely to complete the treatment.

Gangmok 綱目

1.19.3
Source원문

冬月冒涉凌凍 面目手足皸裂, 血出作痛, 猪腦髓, 着熱酒中以洗之, 差. 《本草》

Translation영역
For those who brave ice and frost in winter, with face, eyes, hands and feet chapped and split, bleeding and painful: put pig brain into hot wine and wash with it.

Boncho 本草

1.19.4
Source원문

又兎腦髓生塗之 雀腦髓亦可. 《本草》

Translation영역
Also: apply rabbit brain raw; sparrow brain will serve as well.

Boncho 本草

1.19.5
Source원문

又百沸湯洗後 油髮(灰)付之卽安. 白芨末, 水調塗之, 亦效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Also: after washing in water brought to a hundred boils, apply the ash of oiled hair and it settles. Powdered bletilla mixed with water and applied is likewise effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
The brain preparations are lipid dressings — brain tissue is largely fat and phospholipid, so the underlying logic is occlusion, the same principle as the beeswax salve. Bletilla (白芨, a variant writing of 白及) is the entry that transfers directly to modern practice: it forms a mucilaginous film over the wound bed and is still used for exactly this purpose. The hundred-boils wash preceding application is the same wash-then-seal sequence prescribed with Hwangrap-go.

Dansim 丹心

1.20 Simple Medicinals 單方

1.20.1
Source원문

凡十四種.

Translation영역
Fourteen kinds in all.

Donguibogam · Su

1.20.2
Source원문

羌活 治肢節痛. 煎湯服之. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Notopterygium (羌活): Treats pain of the limbs and joints. Decoct and take.

Dongwon 東垣

1.20.3
Source원문

防風 治四肢拘攣. 煎湯服, 或丸服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Siler (防風): Treats hypertonicity and cramping of the four limbs. Decoct and take, or take as pills.

Boncho 本草

1.20.4
Source원문

細辛 治手足拘急. 或煎服, 或末服皆佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Asarum (細辛): Treats tension and cramping of the hands and feet. Taken as a decoction or as a powder, either is good.

Boncho 本草

1.20.5
Source원문

蒼耳子 主四肢拘攣痛. 取三兩炒搗末, 水一升半煎至半, 去滓呷服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cocklebur fruit (蒼耳子): Governs painful hypertonicity of the four limbs. Take 3 nyang, dry-fry and pound to powder, decoct in 1.5 seung of water down to half, strain off the dregs and sip.

Boncho 本草

1.20.6
Source원문

天麻 主四肢拘攣. 水煎服, 或蒸熟食. 或生食幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Gastrodia (天麻): Governs hypertonicity of the four limbs. Decoct in water and take, or steam until done and eat, or eat it raw — all are good.

Boncho 本草

1.20.7
Source원문

淫羊藿 治四肢不仁. 水煎服, 或浸酒服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Epimedium (淫羊藿): Treats insensitivity of the four limbs. Decoct in water and take, or steep in wine and take — both are good.

Boncho 本草

1.20.8
Source원문

地膚草 主手足煩疼. 水煮服, 日三. 《本草》

Translation영역
Kochia herb (地膚草): Governs vexing pain of the hands and feet. Boil in water and take, three times daily.

Boncho 本草

1.20.9
Source원문

桑枝茶 療臂痛. 可常飮之. 有人療兩臂痛, 百藥不效, 服此卽愈. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Mulberry twig tea (桑枝茶): Heals arm pain. It may be drunk regularly. There was a man treating pain in both arms whom a hundred medicines had failed; on taking this he was cured.
Clinical note임상 주석
The most useful entry in this section and the one still in daily use. Mulberry twig is specific for the upper limb, it is mild enough for indefinite administration, and the tea form makes it something a patient can genuinely maintain between visits. The case note — a hundred medicines failed, this one worked — is the same rhetorical shape as the Seogyeong-tang case at 1.8, and both mark formulas the compiler wanted remembered.

Gangmok 綱目

1.20.10
Source원문

五倍子 治手足皸裂. 搗爲末, 調牛腦髓塡封卽愈. 《得效》

Translation영역
Chinese gall (五倍子): Treats chapped and fissured hands and feet. Pound to powder, mix with ox brain, and pack it into the fissures to seal them.

Deukhyo 得效

1.20.11
Source원문

松脂 療代指. 入蠟熔化, 候溫, 以籠指頭卽差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Pine resin (松脂): Heals whitlow. Add wax and melt together; when it has cooled to warm, cage the fingertip in it and it resolves.

Boncho 本草

1.20.12
Source원문

醬淸 治手指掣痛. 和蜜溫漬之卽愈. 《本草》

Translation영역
Clear soy sauce (醬淸): Treats wrenching pain of the fingers. Mix with honey, warm it, and steep the finger — it heals.

Boncho 本草

1.20.13
Source원문

鹿髓脂 主四肢不隨. 和酒服之, 佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Deer marrow fat (鹿髓脂): Governs the four limbs not following the will. Mix with wine and take.

Boncho 本草

1.20.14
Source원문

馬糞 治毒熱攻手足腫痛欲脫. 水煮馬糞, 取汁溫漬之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Horse dung (馬糞): Treats toxic heat assaulting the hands and feet so that they swell and hurt as though about to come off. Boil horse dung in water, take the liquid, and steep the part while warm.
Clinical note임상 주석
The presentation described — a hand so swollen and painful it feels about to detach — is a limb-threatening infection, and this is a hot soak for it. The material is unusable, but the maneuver is not: warm immersion of a septic hand remains standard first-line care while definitive treatment is arranged.

Boncho 本草

1.20.15
Source원문

虎骨酒 治臂脛痛, 不計深淺皆效. 虎脛骨(熬黃擣末) 二兩, 羚羊角(屑) 一兩, 白芍藥(剉) 二兩. 右以好酒五升浸之, 春夏七日, 秋冬倍之. 每日, 空腹飮一盃, 冬月欲速服, 銀器盛, 置爐中三兩日, 卽可服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Tiger bone wine (虎骨酒): treats pain of the arm and shin, effective whether the pain is shallow or deep. Tiger shin bone (dry-fried until yellow and pounded to powder) 2 nyang, saiga antelope horn shavings 1 nyang, cut white peony 2 nyang. Steep the above in 5 seung of good wine — seven days in spring and summer, twice that in autumn and winter. Drink one cup daily on an empty stomach. If in winter you wish to take it sooner, hold it in a silver vessel set in a brazier for two or three days, and it may then be taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Two of the three ingredients are prohibited: tiger bone under CITES Appendix I and the US Endangered Species Act, and saiga antelope horn under CITES, the species being critically endangered. This must not be prepared.** It is translated as a document of the classical materia medica, not as a prescription. Of the original thinking, the white peony at 2 nyang — softening and relaxing the sinews — is the part that transfers directly; for wind-damp lodged in sinew and bone, see gupan (龜板) and sokdan (續斷) with mokgwa (木瓜), or the wind-damp decoctions earlier in this chapter.

Boncho 本草

1.21 Acupuncture and Moxibustion Methods 鍼灸法

1.21.1
Source원문

靈樞曰 手陽明之脉病, 肩前臑痛, 大指次指痛不用.

Translation영역
The Divine Pivot says: in disease of the hand yang brightness vessel, there is pain at the front of the shoulder and in the upper arm, and the finger next to the thumb (the index) is painful and will not function.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.21.2
Source원문

手太陽之脉病 肩似拔, 臑似折.

Translation영역
In disease of the hand greater yang vessel, the shoulder feels as though wrenched out and the upper arm as though snapped.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.21.3
Source원문

手少陽之脉病 肩臑肘臂外皆痛, 小指次指不用.

Translation영역
In disease of the hand lesser yang vessel, the shoulder, upper arm, elbow and outer forearm all hurt, and the finger next to the little finger (the ring) will not function.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.21.4
Source원문

手厥陰之脉病 手心熱, 肘臂攣急, 腋腫.

Translation영역
In disease of the hand reverting yin vessel, the centre of the palm is hot, the elbow and forearm are hypertonic and tense, and the axilla is swollen.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.21.5
Source원문

手太陰之脉病 臑臂內前廉痛厥, 掌中熱.

Translation영역
In disease of the hand greater yin vessel, the inner-anterior edge of the upper arm and forearm is painful and reverting cold, and the centre of the palm is hot.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.21.6
Source원문

手少陰之脉病 臑臂內後廉痛厥, 掌中熱痛, 隨其經鍼灸之.

Translation영역
In disease of the hand lesser yin vessel, the inner-posterior edge of the upper arm and forearm is painful and reverting cold, and the centre of the palm is hot and painful. Needle and moxa according to the channel involved.
Clinical note임상 주석
These six passages are the channel-by-channel presentation that 1.10 above taught the reader to localize. Read together they form a complete differential for upper limb pain, and the closing instruction — treat according to whichever channel it is — makes explicit that the point selections following are meant to be filtered through that diagnosis rather than applied as a fixed protocol.

Yeongchu 靈樞

1.21.7
Source원문

肩髃 係兩手之安否. 《資生》

Translation영역
Gyeonu (肩髃, LI15) governs whether the two arms are well or not.

Jasaeng 資生

1.21.8
Source원문

五指拘攣 取三間ㆍ前谷. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For hypertonicity and cramping of the five fingers, select Samgan (三間, LI3) and Jeongok (前谷, SI2).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.9
Source원문

五指皆痛 取陽池ㆍ外關ㆍ合谷. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For pain in all five fingers, select Yangji (陽池, TE4), Oegwan (外關, TE5) and Hapgok (合谷, LI4).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.10
Source원문

兩手攣急偏枯 取大陵. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For both hands hypertonic and tense with hemiplegic withering, select Daereung (大陵, PC7).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.11
Source원문

肘攣筋急 取尺澤. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For a cramped elbow with tense sinews, select Cheoktaek (尺澤, LU5).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.12
Source원문

肩不可動 臂不可擧, 取肩髃ㆍ巨骨ㆍ淸冷淵ㆍ關衝. 《東垣》

Translation영역
When the shoulder cannot be moved and the arm cannot be raised, select Gyeonu (肩髃, LI15), Geogol (巨骨, LI16), Cheongnaengyeon (淸冷淵, TE11) and Gwanchung (關衝, TE1).
Clinical note임상 주석
The point prescription for frozen shoulder, and the one to know from this section. Note the structure: two local points at the shoulder girdle, one on the upper arm, and a distal well point at the ring fingertip — local, adjacent and distal in a single prescription, which is the classical pattern for a joint that has lost range rather than merely hurting.

Dongwon 東垣

1.21.13
Source원문

臂膊痛麻痺 取肩髃ㆍ手三里ㆍ外關ㆍ肩井ㆍ曲池ㆍ手上廉ㆍ合谷. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For pain, numbness and impediment of the arm and upper arm, select Gyeonu (肩髃, LI15), Susamni (手三里, LI10), Oegwan (外關, TE5), Gyeonjeong (肩井, GB21), Gokji (曲池, LI11), Susangnyeom (手上廉, LI9) and Hapgok (合谷, LI4).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.14
Source원문

肘痛不可屈伸 取天井ㆍ尺澤. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For elbow pain that cannot bend or straighten, select Cheonjeong (天井, TE10) and Cheoktaek (尺澤, LU5).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.15
Source원문

肘臂腕痛 取前谷ㆍ液門ㆍ中渚. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For pain of the elbow, forearm and wrist, select Jeongok (前谷, SI2), Aengmun (液門, TE2) and Jungjeo (中渚, TE3).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.16
Source원문

臂痠攣 取肘髎ㆍ竅陰ㆍ尺澤ㆍ前谷ㆍ後谿. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For an aching, cramping arm, select Juryo (肘髎, LI12), Gyoeum (竅陰), Cheoktaek (尺澤, LU5), Jeongok (前谷, SI2) and Hugye (後谿, SI3).
Clinical note임상 주석
竅陰 is given without qualifier and could be either Dugyoeum (頭竅陰, GB11) or Jokgyoeum (足竅陰, GB44). In an arm prescription the foot point is the likelier reading, since distal well points of the lesser yang are used to free the whole channel; but the text does not settle it and the ambiguity is left standing here.

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.17
Source원문

腕痛 取陽谿ㆍ曲池ㆍ腕骨. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For wrist pain, select Yanggye (陽谿, LI5), Gokji (曲池, LI11) and Wangol (腕骨, SI4).

Gangmok 綱目

1.21.18
Source원문

兩胛痛 取肩井ㆍ支溝. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For pain in both scapulae, select Gyeonjeong (肩井, GB21) and Jigu (支溝, TE6).
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter closes with the scapular pair that opened its formula section at 1.8 — Oryeongji-san was indicated for 臂胛痛, pain of arm and scapula, and here the needling counterpart is given in two points. Taken as a whole, the acupuncture section moves systematically from proximal to distal: shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, fingers, and back to the scapula.

Gangmok 綱目

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Donguibogam, Hand chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.