Source원문
內經曰, 冬傷於寒, 春必溫病.
Translation영역
The Inner Classic says: injured by cold in winter, in spring there is certainly warm disease.
Naegyeong 內經
Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑
Epidemic Disease
Onyeok
한글 온역 · Pinyin Wen Yi
The chapter on illness that spreads — what the Bogam saw about contagion, and the section on not catching it
瘟疫
瘟疫 is the chapter on sickness that arrives for everybody at once. 疫 is the epidemic itself and 瘟 the febrile illness it brings, and the chapter's first concern is not the fever but the fact that a whole district gets it: 大則流行天下, 次則一方, 次則一鄕, 次則偏着一家 — at its widest it travels the empire, then a region, then a village, then settles on a single household. 一歲之中, 病無長幼, 大率多相似, one year's illness much the same in young and old alike, is the chapter's working definition, and it is a sound one.
What makes this chapter unusual is 2.9, 不傳染法 — the method of not catching it. It is a section of infection control, and much of it would pass today. Open the doors and windows before going in. Boil aromatics in a large pot in the middle of the room. Smear sesame oil or realgar inside the nostrils before entering, and afterwards clear the nose and sneeze. Walk in unhurried, take the upwind side, and know which way the patient's breath travels. Hang the medicine at the door where a patient has sweated heavily. 2.6 tells the attendants to use the sneezing powder several times a day 必不傳染, and 2.5 says of 大頭瘟 that it spreads 又染他人 and kills eight or nine in ten. The mechanism imagined is a bad air that enters by nose and mouth and rises to the brain, which is wrong about what travels and right about the route, and the practices that follow from it — barrier at the nasal mucosa, ventilation, distance, awareness of direction — are the right practices for the wrong reason.
2.5 and 2.6 are the chapter on 大頭瘟, the big-head epidemic: head and face swelling 腫大如斗, swollen like a bushel, with the sub-names 蝦蟆瘟 for swelling that starts in front of and behind the ears and 鸕鷀瘟 for swelling that starts at the jaw. The treatment centres on Li Dongyuan's 普濟消毒飮, written during an epidemic in the Jin capital, and the chapter's rule for it is a piece of real reasoning: 此熱氣在高巓之上, 切勿用降藥 — the heat is at the summit, so do not use draining drugs, use wine-processed ones that will climb. Whether the illness was mumps, diphtheria or erysipelas cannot be settled from the description, and the chapter's own prognosis at 2.6 — dead within five days if the throat closes and the voice goes — says which cases it could not help.
The limits are in plain view. 2.7's 禳法 is a rite with sand and wine buried at the year's 六合 position; 2.8 has the names of the four sea-gods recited at cockcrow and an amulet of three pills worn over the heart; the single remedies include an amulet of horse hoof, and human and animal waste taken by mouth. **Nothing in 2.12 involving human or animal excrement is to be prepared — 人屎, 人中黃, 牡猪糞, 雄狐屎 and 臘月䑕 are printed here as history and carry real infection risk.** A patient with an epidemic febrile illness today needs a diagnosis and treatment directed at the organism; what this chapter still has to offer is 2.9.
2.1 The Causes of Epidemic Disease 瘟疫之因
Source원문
冬不藏精者, 春必病溫. 《內經》
Translation영역
He who does not store his essence in winter will certainly fall ill of warm disease in spring.
Clinical note임상 주석
The latent-cold doctrine: the illness was contracted in winter and declares itself in spring. It is the frame the chapter inherits and, at 2.4, the one it works with — but everything the chapter observes about epidemics belongs to the passages that follow, not to this one.
Naegyeong 內經
Source원문
斯疾之召, 或溝渠不泄ㆍ穢惡不修, 熏蒸而成者; 或地多死氣, 鬱發而成者; 或官吏枉抑ㆍ怨讟而成之者. 世謂獄溫ㆍ場溫ㆍ墓溫ㆍ廟溫ㆍ社溫ㆍ山溫ㆍ海溫ㆍ家溫ㆍ竈溫ㆍ歲溫ㆍ天溫ㆍ地溫等, 不可不究. 《三因》
Translation영역
As to what summons this illness: it may be that the ditches do not drain and the filth is not cleared away, so that it steams up and the illness is made; or that the ground is full of the qi of the dead, which breaks out from its depression and makes it; or that officials have wrongly oppressed the people, and resentment and complaint make it. The world speaks of prison epidemics, market epidemics, grave epidemics, temple epidemics, shrine epidemics, mountain epidemics, sea epidemics, household epidemics, hearth epidemics, year epidemics, heaven epidemics and earth epidemics, and they are not to be left unexamined.
Clinical note임상 주석
溝渠不泄, 穢惡不修 — ditches that do not drain and filth not cleared — is the first cause the Samin names, and it is the right one. The list of twelve named epidemics is a list of places where people were crowded, buried or made wretched, which is to say a list of where epidemics actually happened; the prison epidemic standing first is typhus.
Samin 三因
Source원문
疫氣之發, 大則流行天下, 次則一方, 次則一鄕, 次則偏着一家. 悉由氣運鬱發ㆍ有勝有復ㆍ遷正退位之所致也. 《正傳》
Translation영역
When the epidemic qi breaks out, at its widest it travels throughout the empire, then a region, then a village, then settles on a single household. All of it comes of the qi of the circuits breaking out from depression, with its prevailings and retributions, its advancings to the correct position and its retirings from it.
Jeongjeon 正傳
Source원문
凡時行病者, 春應暖而反寒, 夏應熱而反涼, 秋應涼而反熱, 冬應寒而反溫. 非其時而有其氣, 是以一歲之中, 病無長幼, 大率多相似. 此則時行瘟疫之氣, 俗謂之天行是也. 《活人》
Translation영역
As for the illnesses that go about in season: spring ought to be warm and is cold instead; summer ought to be hot and is cool instead; autumn ought to be cool and is hot instead; winter ought to be cold and is mild instead. The qi is there out of its season, and so within one year the illness spares neither old nor young and is for the most part much the same in all. This is the qi of the seasonal epidemic, which the common people call the going-abroad-of-heaven.
Clinical note임상 주석
一歲之中, 病無長幼, 大率多相似 — within one year, sparing neither old nor young, much the same in all — is as good a working definition of an epidemic as the vocabulary allowed, and it is the one the chapter uses to tell these illnesses from ordinary cold damage.
Hwarinseo 活人
Source원문
疫疾如有鬼厲相似, 故曰疫癘. 《入門》
Translation영역
Epidemic illness is as though there were demons and pestilences at work, and so it is called 疫癘, the epidemic pestilence.
Immun 入門
Source원문
時氣者, 天地不正之氣也. 非其時而有其氣, 一家無少長率病者, 時氣也. 又謂鬼厲之氣. 夫鬼無所歸, 乃爲厲爾. 若天地有不正之氣, 鬼厲依而爲祟. 楊玄操云, 謂雜其鬼厲之氣, 不知何經之動也. 亦其義也. 《類聚》
Translation영역
The seasonal qi is the unseasonable qi of heaven and earth. Where the qi is there out of its season and a whole household falls ill, young and old alike, that is the seasonal qi. It is also called the qi of demons and pestilences — for a ghost with nowhere to return becomes a pestilence. Where heaven and earth have an unseasonable qi, demons and pestilences attach themselves to it and work their mischief. Yang Xuancao says it means that the qi of demons and pestilences is mixed in, and it is not known which channel is stirred. That too is its sense.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two explanations side by side in a single passage: an unseasonable qi, and ghosts attaching themselves to it. The Yuchwi does not choose between them, and the chapter's treatment sections work from the first while 2.7 and 2.8 work from the second.
Yuchwi 類聚
2.2 The Form and Signs of Epidemic Disease 瘟疫形證
Source원문
冬合寒反暖, 春發溫疫, 其證發熱ㆍ腰痛強急ㆍ脚縮不伸ㆍ胻中欲折ㆍ目中生花, 或濇濇增寒復熱.
Translation영역
Where winter should be cold and is mild instead, a warm epidemic breaks out in spring; its signs are fever, lumbar pain with stiffness and tension, the legs drawn up and not extending, the shins as though they would snap, flowers before the eyes, and sometimes a gritty increasing chill and then fever again.
Samin 三因
Source원문
春合暖反涼, 夏發燥疫, 其證身體戰掉不能自禁, 或內熱ㆍ口乾ㆍ舌破ㆍ咽塞ㆍ聲嘶.
Translation영역
Where spring should be warm and is cool instead, a dry epidemic breaks out in summer; its signs are the body shaking and trembling beyond control, or heat within, a dry mouth, a broken tongue, a blocked throat and a hoarse voice.
Samin 三因
Source원문
夏合熱反寒, 秋發寒疫, 其證頭重ㆍ頸直ㆍ皮肉强痺, 或蘊而結核, 起於咽喉頸項之側, 布熱毒於皮膚分肉之中.
Translation영역
Where summer should be hot and is cold instead, a cold epidemic breaks out in autumn; its signs are a heavy head, a rigid neck, skin and flesh stiff and numb, or a lump gathering and binding, rising at the side of the throat and the nape, spreading heat toxin through the skin and the divisions of the flesh.
Samin 三因
Source원문
秋合涼反陰雨, 冬發濕疫, 其證乍寒乍熱ㆍ損傷肺氣ㆍ暴嗽ㆍ嘔逆, 或體熱ㆍ發斑ㆍ喘咳ㆍ引氣. 《三因》
Translation영역
Where autumn should be cool and is overcast and rainy instead, a damp epidemic breaks out in winter; its signs are now cold and now hot, injury to the lung qi, a violent cough and retching counterflow, or heat in the body, macules breaking out, panting with cough and the drawing of the breath.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four epidemics sorted by the season whose weather went wrong, and the signs under each are distinct enough to be worth reading: the autumn one with its rigid neck and the lumps at the side of the throat and nape, the winter one with macules and cough. The scheme is astrological and the observations are clinical.
Samin 三因
Source원문
感四時不正之氣, 使人痰涎壅盛ㆍ煩熱ㆍ頭疼ㆍ身痛ㆍ增寒壯熱ㆍ項强ㆍ睛疼, 或飮食如常ㆍ起居依舊, 甚至聲啞, 或赤眼ㆍ口瘡ㆍ大小腮腫ㆍ喉痺ㆍ咳嗽稠粘ㆍ噴嚏. 《醫鑑》
Translation영역
Contracting the unseasonable qi of the four seasons makes a person's phlegm and drool congest and abound, with vexing heat, headache, body pain, increasing chills and vigorous fever, a stiff nape and aching eyeballs; sometimes food and drink are as usual and rising and resting go on as before, and in severe cases the voice goes altogether, or there are red eyes, mouth sores, swelling of the cheeks great and small, throat closure, a cough with thick sticky phlegm, and sneezing.
Clinical note임상 주석
飮食如常, 起居依舊 — eating as usual and going about as before — in the middle of a list of epidemic signs is the observation that matters most for spread: the patient who is only mildly ill keeps moving about. Red eyes, mouth sores, swollen cheeks and sneezing are the signs of illnesses that travel by the respiratory route.
Uigam 醫鑑
2.3 The Pulse 脉法
Source원문
尺膚熱甚, 脉盛躁者, 病溫也. 《靈樞》
Translation영역
Where the skin of the cubit is very hot and the pulse is exuberant and agitated, the illness is warm disease.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
時疫之脉, 無定據, 隨時審思乃得, 未可輕議. 《得效》
Translation영역
The pulse in a seasonal epidemic has no fixed ground; it is got only by examining and considering as the time requires, and is not to be pronounced upon lightly.
Deukhyo 得效
Source원문
陰陽俱盛, 病熱之極, 浮之而滑, 沉之散澁. 惟有溫病, 脉散諸經, 各隨所在, 不可指名. 《脉訣》
Translation영역
Where yin and yang are both exuberant, the illness heat is at its extreme: taken at the surface the pulse is slippery, taken at the depth it is dissipated and rough. Only in warm disease the pulse scatters through the channels, each according to where it lies, and cannot be given a name.
Maekgyeol 脉訣
Source원문
陽脉濡弱, 陰脉弦緊, 更遇溫氣, 變爲瘟疫.
Translation영역
Where the yang pulse is soggy and weak and the yin pulse stringlike and tight, and warm qi is met with besides, it turns into an epidemic.
Maekbeop 脉法
Source원문
溫病二三日, 體熱ㆍ腹滿ㆍ頭痛ㆍ食飮如故, 脉直而疾, 八日死.
Translation영역
In warm disease, on the second or third day, with heat in the body, abdominal fullness and headache but food and drink as before, and the pulse straight and swift: death on the eighth day.
Maekbeop 脉法
Source원문
溫病四五日, 頭痛ㆍ腹滿而吐, 脉來細而強, 十二日死.
Translation영역
In warm disease, on the fourth or fifth day, with headache, abdominal fullness and vomiting, and the pulse coming fine but strong: death on the twelfth day.
Maekbeop 脉法
Source원문
溫病八九日, 頭身不痛ㆍ目不赤ㆍ色不變而反利, 脉來澁, 按之不足, 擧時大, 心下堅, 十七日死.
Translation영역
In warm disease, on the eighth or ninth day, with no pain in head or body, the eyes not red and the complexion unchanged but diarrhoea instead, the pulse coming rough, insufficient when pressed and large when lifted, and hardness below the heart: death on the seventeenth day.
Maekbeop 脉法
Source원문
溫病汗不出, 出不至足者死.
Translation영역
In warm disease, where the sweat does not come out, or comes out but does not reach the feet, the patient dies.
Maekbeop 脉法
Source원문
厥逆汗自出, 脉堅強急者生, 虛軟者死. 《脉法》
Translation영역
Where there is counterflow reversal with spontaneous sweating, a pulse hard, strong and urgent means life, a vacuous soft one death.
Maekbeop 脉法
Source원문
溫病穰穰大熱, 脉細小者死.
Translation영역
In warm disease with a teeming great heat, a fine small pulse means death.
Uigam 醫鑑
Source원문
溫病下利ㆍ腹中痛甚者死. 《醫鑑》
Translation영역
In warm disease with diarrhoea and severe pain within the abdomen, the patient dies.
Uigam 醫鑑
Source원문
熱病得汗, 脉安靜者生, 躁急者死; 及大熱不去者亦死.
Translation영역
In heat disease, when sweat has been got, a quiet settled pulse means life and an agitated urgent one death; and where the great heat does not go, that too means death.
Uigam 醫鑑
Source원문
熱病七八日, 當汗反不得汗, 脉絶者死. 《醫鑑》
Translation영역
In heat disease, on the seventh or eighth day, where sweat should come and does not, and the pulse is cut off, the patient dies.
Uigam 醫鑑
Source원문
熱病脉靜ㆍ汗已出ㆍ脉盛, 一逆也, 死不治. 《靈樞》
Translation영역
In heat disease, a quiet pulse, the sweat already out, and then an exuberant pulse — this is the first of the counterflows: death, and not to be treated.
Clinical note임상 주석
A run of prognoses by day and pulse, and read together they describe what untreated epidemic fever did: death on the eighth, twelfth or seventeenth day, the fine small pulse under a high fever, sweating that does not reach the feet. The one that is physiologically exact is the last — fever down, sweat out, and then the pulse racing again, which is circulatory collapse.
Yeongchu 靈樞
2.4 The Method of Treating Epidemic Disease 瘟疫治法
Source원문
溫熱病者, 夏至前發爲溫病, 夏至後發爲熱病, 謂之伏氣傷寒. 所謂冬傷於寒, 春必病溫是也. 《丹心》
Translation영역
As for warm and heat diseases: breaking out before the summer solstice it is warm disease, after the solstice heat disease, and this is called cold damage from latent qi. It is what is meant by injured by cold in winter, in spring certainly falling ill of warm disease.
Dansim 丹心
Source원문
寒暄不時, 人多疾疫. 《得效》
Translation영역
When cold and warmth come out of season, people fall sick of epidemics in numbers.
Deukhyo 得效
Source원문
衆人病一般者, 是天行時疫. 治有三法, 宜補ㆍ宜散ㆍ宜降. 《丹心》
Translation영역
Where the multitude falls ill all alike, this is the seasonal epidemic that goes abroad of heaven. There are three methods of treating it: supplement, disperse, and drain downward.
Dansim 丹心
Source원문
治法, 切不可作傷寒正治而大汗ㆍ大下, 但當從乎中治, 而用少陽ㆍ陽明二經藥. 少陽小柴胡湯, 陽明升麻葛根湯三方並見寒門加減治之. 《正傳》
Translation영역
As to the method: on no account treat it as straightforward cold damage with great sweating and great precipitation; follow the middle course instead and use the medicinals of the two channels, lesser yang and yang brightness. For the lesser yang, Minor Bupleurum Decoction; for the yang brightness, Cimicifuga and Pueraria Decoction — all three formulas are given in the Cold Damage chapter — treating with additions and subtractions.
Clinical note임상 주석
切不可 — on no account — is the chapter setting itself against the cold damage playbook. Great sweating and great purging in a patient already febrile and dehydrated is the thing most likely to kill him, and the Jeongjeon says so first and plainly.
Jeongjeon 正傳
Source원문
春發溫疫, 宜葛根解肌湯; 夏發燥疫, 宜調中湯; 秋發寒疫, 宜蒼朮白虎湯方見暑門; 冬發濕疫, 宜甘桔湯方見咽喉. 表證用荊防敗毒散, 半表裏證用小柴胡湯, 裏證用大柴胡湯方見寒門. 宜補ㆍ宜散ㆍ宜降, 用人中黃丸. 《入門》
Translation영역
For a warm epidemic breaking out in spring, Pueraria Flesh-Resolving Decoction; for a dry epidemic in summer, Centre-Regulating Decoction; for a cold epidemic in autumn, Atractylodes White Tiger Decoction — the formula is given in the Summerheat chapter; for a damp epidemic in winter, Licorice and Platycodon Decoction — the formula is given in the Throat chapter. For an exterior pattern use Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia Toxin-Vanquishing Powder; for a half-exterior half-interior pattern, Minor Bupleurum Decoction; for an interior pattern, Major Bupleurum Decoction — the formula is given in the Cold Damage chapter. Where it should be supplemented, dispersed and drained downward, use Human Yellow Pill.
Immun 入門
Source원문
溫病初證未端的, 先以敗毒散治之, 看歸在何經, 隨經施治. 《正傳》
Translation영역
Where the early signs of a warm disease are not yet definite, treat first with Toxin-Vanquishing Powder, see which channel it settles in, and treat according to that channel.
Jeongjeon 正傳
Source원문
九味羌活湯, 治瘟疫初感一二日間服之, 取效如神方見寒門○正傳.
Translation영역
Nine Ingredient Notopterygium Decoction: for an epidemic just contracted, taken within the first day or two, the effect it gets is marvellous — the formula is given in the Cold Damage chapter.
Jeongjeon 正傳
Source원문
又有大頭瘟ㆍ蝦蟆瘟ㆍ鸕鷀瘟, 別有條在下.
Translation영역
There are also the big-head epidemic, the toad epidemic and the cormorant epidemic, which have their own sections below.
Jebang 諸方
Source원문
瘟疫, 宜用聖散子ㆍ十神湯ㆍ柴胡升麻湯ㆍ解肌湯ㆍ香蘇散ㆍ芎芷香蘇散方見寒門ㆍ十味芎蘇散ㆍ雙解散方見寒門ㆍ淸熱解毒散ㆍ加味敗毒散ㆍ神授太乙散ㆍ五瘟丹ㆍ茵蔯丸ㆍ人中黃丸ㆍ如意丹ㆍ黑奴丸. 《諸方》
Translation영역
For epidemic disease, Sage Powder, Ten Spirits Decoction, Bupleurum and Cimicifuga Decoction, Flesh-Resolving Decoction, Cyperus and Perilla Powder, Chuanxiong and Angelica Cyperus and Perilla Powder — the formula is given in the Cold Damage chapter — Ten Ingredient Chuanxiong and Perilla Powder, Double-Resolving Powder — the formula is given in the Cold Damage chapter — Heat-Clearing Toxin-Resolving Powder, Supplemented Toxin-Vanquishing Powder, Divinely Conferred Taiyi Powder, Five Pestilences Elixir, Capillaris Pill, Human Yellow Pill, As-You-Wish Elixir, or Black Slave Pill is appropriate.
Jebang 諸方
2.5 The Signs of the Big-Head Epidemic 大頭瘟證
Source원문
大頭病者, 感天地四時非節瘟疫之氣所着, 以成此疾. 至於潰裂膿出, 而又染他人, 所以謂之疫癘. 大抵足陽明邪熱太甚, 資實少陽相火爲熾, 濕熱爲腫, 木盛爲痛. 多在少陽, 或在陽明. 陽明爲邪首大腫, 少陽爲邪出於耳前後. 《海藏》
Translation영역
In the big-head illness, the unseasonable epidemic qi of heaven and earth in the four seasons is contracted and attaches itself, and so this illness is made. It goes on to ulcerate and split and discharge pus, and it infects others besides, which is why it is called the epidemic pestilence. In general the evil heat of the foot yang brightness is very severe, and it feeds and fills the lesser yang's ministerial fire until it blazes; damp heat makes the swelling and the exuberance of wood makes the pain. It is mostly in the lesser yang, sometimes in the yang brightness. Where the evil is in the yang brightness the head swells greatly; where it is in the lesser yang it comes out in front of and behind the ears.
Clinical note임상 주석
又染他人 — and it infects others besides — stated as the reason for the name. The localisation is worth noting too: swelling in front of and behind the ears is the parotid region, which is where mumps swells.
Haejang 海藏
Source원문
大頭病者, 頭痛腫大如斗是也. 大率多是天行時疫病也. 《綱目》
Translation영역
The big-head illness is a headache with swelling as large as a bushel measure. For the most part it is a seasonal epidemic that goes abroad of heaven.
Gangmok 綱目
Source원문
天行一種, 名曰大頭病, 俗呼爲狸頭瘟. 從耳前後腫起, 名曰蝦蟆瘟; 從頣頷腫起, 名曰鸕鷀瘟. 甚爲凶惡, 染此者十死八九, 宜推運氣治之. 《正傳》
Translation영역
One kind of the going-abroad-of-heaven is called the big-head illness, and the common people call it the raccoon-dog-head epidemic. Where the swelling rises in front of and behind the ears it is called the toad epidemic; where it rises at the chin and jaw it is called the cormorant epidemic. It is exceedingly malign, and of those who take it eight or nine in ten die; the circuit qi should be reckoned in treating it.
Clinical note임상 주석
十死八九, eight or nine dead in ten, is a case-fatality rate, and it is the chapter's own measure of what it was facing. A swelling that starts at the parotid and one that starts at the submandibular jaw are named separately — the kind of distinction a physician draws only from having seen many.
Jeongjeon 正傳
Source원문
大頭腫, 又名雷頭風. 其證頭面腫痛疙瘩, 甚則咽喉堵塞, 害人最速. 冬溫後多有此病. 《入門》
Translation영역
Big-head swelling is also called thunder-head wind. Its signs are the head and face swollen, painful and lumpy, and in severe cases the throat is blocked up; it harms a man fastest of all. After a mild winter this illness is common.
Immun 入門
Source원문
大頭瘟亦謂之時毒. 初發狀如傷寒, 五七日之間乃能殺人. 其候發於鼻面ㆍ耳項ㆍ咽喉, 赤腫無頭, 或結核有根, 令人增寒ㆍ發熱ㆍ頭痛ㆍ肢體痛, 甚者恍惚不寧ㆍ咽喉閉塞. 《精義》
Translation영역
The big-head epidemic is also called the seasonal toxin. At first it looks like cold damage, and within five to seven days it can kill. Its signs break out at the nose and face, the ears and nape, and the throat — red swelling with no head to it, or a bound lump with a root — and make the patient chill, feverish, with headache and pain in the limbs and body; in severe cases there is clouded restlessness and the throat closes up.
Clinical note임상 주석
赤腫無頭 — red swelling with no head to it — distinguishes this from a boil, and that is the distinction between a spreading cellulitis and an abscess. The throat closing is what killed within five to seven days.
Jeongui 精義
2.6 The Method of Treating the Big-Head Epidemic 大頭瘟治法
Source원문
兩目鼻面腫者, 陽明也; 耳前後幷額角腫者, 少陽也; 腦後項下腫起者, 太陽也. 表證多者, 荊防敗毒散; 裏證多者, 防風通聖散方見寒門加惡實ㆍ玄參, 俱用酒炒, 微微下之. 《入門》
Translation영역
Where both eyes, the nose and the face swell, it is the yang brightness; where it swells in front of and behind the ears and at the corners of the forehead, the lesser yang; where it rises behind the skull and below the nape, the greater yang. Where the exterior pattern predominates, Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia Toxin-Vanquishing Powder; where the interior pattern predominates, Saposhnikovia Sage-Unblocking Powder — the formula is given in the Cold Damage chapter — with arctium and scrophularia added, both wine-fried, draining it downward very gently.
Immun 入門
Source원문
服藥俱仰臥, 使藥氣上行. 《入門》
Translation영역
After taking the medicine lie on the back, so that the medicine's qi travels upward.
Immun 入門
Translation영역
Dongwon's Universal Relief Toxin-Dispersing Beverage is the most marvellous, and Human Yellow Pill is marvellous too.
Clinical note임상 주석
普濟消毒飮 was written by Li Dongyuan during an epidemic in which, by his account, the other physicians' treatments were killing people. It is the most historically concrete thing in the chapter: a formula composed in a specific outbreak and still the standard prescription for this presentation four centuries later.
Immun 入門
Source원문
治法, 當先緩而後急. 先緩者, 邪見於無形之處ㆍ至高之分, 當用緩緩徐徐服之, 寒藥則酒浸ㆍ酒炒皆是也. 後急者, 邪氣入於中ㆍ有形質之所, 此爲客邪, 當急去之. 《海藏》
Translation영역
The method should be gentle first and urgent after. Gentle first, because the evil appears in a formless place, in the highest division, and the medicine should be taken slowly and by degrees — which is why the cold drugs are wine-steeped and wine-fried. Urgent after, because the evil qi has entered the centre, a place with form and substance; this is a guest evil and should be removed at once.
Haejang 海藏
Source원문
大頭病, 此熱氣在高巓之上, 切勿用降藥. 宜羌活ㆍ酒芩ㆍ酒大黃. 《丹心》
Translation영역
In the big-head illness the heat qi is at the very summit, so on no account use draining drugs. Notopterygium, wine-treated scutellaria and wine-treated rhubarb are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
熱氣在高巓之上 — the heat is at the summit — and so the drugs are wine-processed to carry them upward rather than let them drain down. Whatever is thought of the pharmacology, it is a consistent piece of reasoning from the site of the illness to the preparation of the medicine, and it governs all the formulas in this section.
Dansim 丹心
Source원문
大頭瘟, 俗謂之時毒. 常於鼻內搐通氣散, 取十餘嚏作效; 若搐藥不嚏者, 不可治也. 如嚏出膿血者, 治之必愈. 每日用嚏藥三五次, 以泄毒氣, 此是良法. 左右看病之人, 日日用嚏藥嚏之, 必不傳染. 《精義》
Translation영역
The big-head epidemic is commonly called the seasonal toxin. Qi-Freeing Powder is regularly blown into the nose, and ten sneezes and more are taken as the effect; if the powder is blown in and no sneeze comes, the case cannot be treated. Where the sneezing brings out pus and blood, treatment will certainly cure. Use the sneezing powder three to five times a day to discharge the toxic qi — this is a good method. Those attending the sick on either side should use the sneezing powder and sneeze with it every day, and they will certainly not be infected.
Clinical note임상 주석
必不傳染 — they will certainly not be infected — is prophylaxis for the carers, and the whole of 2.9 follows from the same thought. The sneeze as a prognostic sign is the chapter using a reflex to test whether the airway is still open.
Jeongui 精義
Source원문
經三四日不解者, 宜荊防敗毒散. 至七八日, 大小便通利ㆍ頭面腫起高赤者, 宜托裏消毒散方見癰疽, 兼鍼砭出血, 泄其毒氣. 十日外不治自愈. 若五日已前, 精神昏亂ㆍ咽喉閉塞ㆍ語聲不出ㆍ頭面大腫ㆍ食不知味者, 必死. 《精義》
Translation영역
Where three or four days pass without resolution, Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia Toxin-Vanquishing Powder is appropriate. By the seventh or eighth day, where the stool and urine pass freely and the head and face are swollen high and red, Interior-Supporting Toxin-Dispersing Powder is appropriate — the formula is given in the Abscesses chapter — together with needling and lancing to let blood and discharge the toxic qi. Beyond ten days it resolves of itself without treatment. But if before the fifth day the spirit is clouded and disordered, the throat closed, the voice gone, the head and face greatly swollen and food without taste, the patient will certainly die.
Jeongui 精義
Translation영역
For the big-head epidemic, Aid-Completed Toxin-Resolving Decoction, Scutellaria and Coptis Toxin-Dispersing Beverage, Arctium with Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction, Rhaponticum Powder, Two Yellows Decoction, Toxin-Dispersing Pill, Silkworm and Rhubarb Pill, Two Sages Suffering-Rescuing Pill, Supplemented Silkworm and Rhubarb Pill, Cooling Suffering-Rescuing Powder, or Qi-Freeing Powder is appropriate.
Jebang 諸方
2.7 The Method of Warding It Off 禳法
Source원문
劉根別傳云, 瘟疫熾發, 可於州治六合處, 穿地深至三尺, 闊亦如之, 取淨沙三斛實之, 以醇酒三升沃其上, 俾使君祝之. 斯亦消除疫癘之良術也. 所謂太歲六合者, 歲泄氣之所在, 故以厭禳也. 《得效》
Translation영역
The Separate Tradition of Liu Gen says: when an epidemic blazes out, at the 六合 position of the prefectural seat dig the ground three feet deep and as much across, fill it with three bushels of clean sand, pour three seung of unmixed wine over it, and have the governor pronounce the invocation. This too is a good art for dispelling the epidemic pestilence. The 六合 of the year star is the place where the year discharges its qi, and so it is used to press down and ward off.
Clinical note임상 주석
The whole section, one passage long. 厭禳 is to press down and avert by rite, and the Bogam gives it a heading of its own and then prints a single Daoist hagiography under it. The governor is the one who pronounces the invocation, which places the rite where epidemics were in fact managed — at the level of the prefecture.
Deukhyo 得效
2.8 Warding Off Epidemics, and the Method of Prevention 辟瘟疫預防法
Source원문
凡疫病初起, 取正氣散, 或香蘇散二方見寒門煎一大鍋, 每人服一椀, 可以預防. 《必用》
Translation영역
Whenever an epidemic illness first arises, take Upright Qi Powder, or Cyperus and Perilla Powder — both formulas are given in the Cold Damage chapter — decoct a large cauldron of it and give everyone a bowl; this can serve as prevention.
Clinical note임상 주석
A cauldron of decoction and a bowl for everyone is mass prophylaxis, and it is the first thing the section reaches for. Whether the drugs did anything is another matter; the instinct to treat the whole exposed population rather than the sick alone is the epidemiologically correct one.
Piryong 必用
Source원문
常以雞鳴時, 淨心存誦四海神名三遍, 則辟百鬼及瘟疫ㆍ火灾, 甚效.
Translation영역
Regularly at cockcrow, with the mind made clean, recite the names of the gods of the four seas three times over; this wards off the hundred demons and epidemics and fire, with great effect.
Yuchwi 類聚
Source원문
東海神名阿明, 南海神名祝融, 西海神名巨乘, 北海神名禺音雍強. 《類聚》
Translation영역
The god of the Eastern Sea is named Aming; the god of the Southern Sea, Zhurong; the god of the Western Sea, Jucheng; the god of the Northern Sea, Yuqiang — 禺 is pronounced yong.
Yuchwi 類聚
Source원문
蘇合香元, 每取九丸, 浸一甁淸酒中, 時時飮之, 最辟鬼疫之氣. 又絳囊盛三丸, 當心帶之, 亦妙. 《類聚》
Translation영역
Of Storax Elixir take nine pills at a time, steep them in a bottle of clear wine and drink of it from time to time; this best wards off the qi of demons and epidemics. Three pills in a crimson bag worn over the heart is also marvellous.
Yuchwi 類聚
Translation영역
For warding off epidemics, Tusu Beverage, Laojun's Divine Brightness Powder, Wuchengzi's Firefly Pill, Grand Granary Master's Epidemic-Warding Elixir, Li Zijian's Demon-Slaying Elixir, the Proclaimed Sage's Epidemic-Warding Elixir, Divine Sage Epidemic-Warding Elixir, Seven Substances Tiger Head Elixir, Seven Substances Red Powder, or Taiyi Flowing Gold Powder is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
Ten formulas named after Daoist adepts and sages, and most of them are worn, burnt or hung rather than swallowed. **Several are built on realgar, cinnabar and alum, and one on tiger skull; none of them is to be prepared.**
Jebang 諸方
2.9 The Method of Not Being Infected 不傳染法
Source원문
凡瘟家自生惡氣, 聞之卽上泥丸ㆍ散入百脉, 轉相傳染. 若倉卒無藥, 以香油抹鼻端, 及以紙撚探鼻嚏之爲佳. 《得效》
Translation영역
A house of epidemic generates a malign qi of its own; smell it and it goes straight up to the mud pellet and scatters into the hundred vessels, and so it is passed from one to another. If there is no medicine to hand in the hurry, smearing sesame oil on the end of the nose, and then probing the nose with a twist of paper to sneeze, is good.
Clinical note임상 주석
The mechanism is wrong and the route is right: something is smelled, it enters by the nose, and it passes from one person to another. Oil on the nostrils and a sneeze afterwards is a barrier at the nasal mucosa and a clearing of it — which is close to what the route actually requires.
Deukhyo 得效
Source원문
又雄黃末水調, 以筆濃蘸塗鼻竅中, 雖與病人同床, 亦不相染. 初洗面後, 及臨臥時點之. 《得效》
Translation영역
Again: realgar powder mixed with water, loaded thickly on a brush and painted inside the nostrils — then though one share a bed with the sick, one will not be infected. Apply it after washing the face in the morning and at bedtime.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Realgar is arsenic sulphide and must not be applied in the nose or anywhere else.** 雖與病人同床 — though one share a bed with the sick — states the degree of exposure the practice was meant to cover, which is a measure of how closely households lived with their sick.
Deukhyo 得效
Source원문
凡入瘟疫家, 先令開啓門戶, 以大鍋盛水二斗, 置堂中心, 取蘇合香元二十丸煎之, 其香能散疫氣. 凡病者各飮一甌, 後醫者却入診視, 不致相染. 《得效》
Translation영역
Whenever entering a house of epidemic, first have the doors and windows opened; set a great cauldron holding two mal of water in the middle of the hall and decoct twenty pills of Storax Elixir in it, whose fragrance can disperse the epidemic qi. Let each of the sick drink a bowl of it, and then let the physician go in and examine them, and infection will not follow.
Clinical note임상 주석
Open the doors and windows first, then steam the room, then go in — ventilation before examination. The reasoning is that the fragrance disperses the epidemic qi; the effect of opening a closed sickroom is real whatever is boiled in the pot.
Deukhyo 得効
Source원문
凡入疫家, 以紙撚蘸香油, 幷雄黃ㆍ朱砂末, 探入耳鼻內, 最能辟穢毒之氣. 遍滿鄕村, 善用如意丹亦妙. 《入門》
Translation영역
Whenever entering a house of epidemic, dip a twist of paper in sesame oil with realgar and cinnabar powder and probe it into the ears and nose; this best wards off the filthy toxic qi. Where it has filled a whole village, the judicious use of As-You-Wish Elixir is also marvellous.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Realgar is arsenic and cinnabar is mercury sulphide; neither is to be put in the nose or ears.**
Immun 入門
Source원문
凡入疫家, 行動從容, 左位而入. 男子病, 穢氣出於口; 女人病, 穢氣出於陰戶. 其相對坐立之間, 必須識其向背. 旣出, 以紙撚探鼻中, 噴嚏爲佳. 《回春》
Translation영역
Whenever entering a house of epidemic, move unhurriedly and come in from the left. In a man's illness the filthy qi issues from the mouth; in a woman's, from the genital door. In sitting and standing opposite the patient one must know which way one is facing. Having come out, probe the nose with a twist of paper and sneeze, which is good.
Clinical note임상 주석
行動從容, 左位而入 — move unhurriedly, enter from the left — and know which way you are facing relative to the patient. The sex-specific route of the filthy qi is wrong, but the instruction it serves is to place yourself deliberately with respect to where the patient's breath is going, and to clear your nose when you leave. That is the shape of modern practice arrived at from a mistaken premise.
Hoechun 回春
Source원문
雄黃丸最妙. 《易老》
Translation영역
Realgar Pill is the most marvellous.
Yi Lao 易老
Source원문
傷寒熱病傳染者, 因聞大汗穢毒, 以致傳染. 故聖惠方曰, 大汗出則懸藥於戶, 解其穢毒, 無使傷於人也. 親屬侍奉之人, 勞役氣虛而爲變亂. 何以知其傳染者, 脉不浮是也. 治法, 自汗者蒼朮白虎湯, 無汗者益元散合凉膈散, 熱散而愈. 《類聚》
Translation영역
That cold damage and heat disease are infectious comes of smelling the filthy toxin of a great sweat, and so infection follows. Hence the Seonghyebang says: when a great sweat has come out, hang the medicine at the door to resolve the filthy toxin, so that it does not injure people. Relatives and those who attend the patient, worn out by labour and vacuous in qi, fall into disorder. How does one know that a case is an infected one? The pulse is not floating. For treatment: where there is spontaneous sweating, Atractylodes White Tiger Decoction; where there is none, Original-Boosting Powder combined with Cooling the Diaphragm Powder — the heat disperses and the patient recovers.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three observations in one passage, and two of them hold. The carers fall ill because they are worn out and exposed — 親屬侍奉之人 names the group at highest risk correctly. And 脉不浮 as the mark of a secondary case is an attempt at a clinical criterion for distinguishing infection from ordinary cold damage, which is exactly the right question to be asking.
Yuchwi 類聚
2.10 Miasma Epidemic 瘴疫
Source원문
嶺南春秋時月, 人感山嵐瘴霧毒氣, 發爲瘟瘧ㆍ寒熱, 此毒氣從口鼻入內也. 宜升麻蒼朮湯方見濕門○節齋.
Translation영역
In Lingnan, in the months of spring and autumn, people contract the toxic qi of the mountain vapours and miasmic mists, and it breaks out as epidemic malaria with cold and heat; this toxic qi enters within by way of the mouth and nose. Cimicifuga and Atractylodes Decoction is appropriate — the formula is given in the Dampness chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
從口鼻入內 — entering within by mouth and nose — again. The route is stated for a third time in this chapter and it is the one the chapter's prophylaxis is built on.
Jeoljae 節齋
Source원문
南方疫癘, 挾嵐瘴溪源蒸毒之氣, 其狀熱乘上焦, 病欲來時令人迷困, 甚則發躁狂妄, 亦有啞而不能言者. 皆由敗血瘀於心ㆍ毒涎聚於脾所致. 宜加味柴胡湯. 《醫鑑》
Translation영역
The pestilence of the south carries the qi of the mountain miasma and the steaming poison of the streams' sources; its manner is heat riding the upper burner, and as the illness comes on it makes the patient dazed and heavy, and in severe cases agitated, mad and raving, and some are mute and cannot speak. All of it comes of decayed blood stagnating at the heart and toxic drool gathering at the spleen. Supplemented Bupleurum Decoction is appropriate.
Uigam 醫鑑
Translation영역
For a miasma epidemic, Three Immortals Decoction or Taiwu's Divine Atractylodes Powder is appropriate.
Jebang 諸方
2.11 Signs in Epidemic and Heat Disease Not to Be Treated 瘟疫熱病不治證
Source원문
熱病不可刺者有九.
Translation영역
There are nine cases of heat disease in which needling must not be done.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
一曰, 汗不出ㆍ大顴發赤ㆍ噦者死.
Translation영역
First: the sweat does not come out, the great cheekbones flush red, and there is hiccough — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
二曰, 泄而腹滿甚者死.
Translation영역
Second: diarrhoea with severe abdominal fullness — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
三曰, 目不明ㆍ熱不已者死.
Translation영역
Third: the eyes do not see clearly and the heat does not cease — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
四曰, 老人嬰兒熱而腹滿者死.
Translation영역
Fourth: an old person or an infant with heat and abdominal fullness — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
五曰, 汗不出ㆍ嘔下血者死.
Translation영역
Fifth: the sweat does not come out and there is vomiting and bleeding below — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
六曰, 舌本爛ㆍ熱不已者死.
Translation영역
Sixth: the root of the tongue is ulcerated and the heat does not cease — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
七曰, 欬而衂ㆍ汗不出ㆍ出不至足者死.
Translation영역
Seventh: coughing with nosebleed, and the sweat either does not come out or comes out but does not reach the feet — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
八曰, 髓熱者死.
Translation영역
Eighth: heat in the marrow — the patient dies.
Yeongchu 靈樞
Source원문
九曰, 熱而痙者死. 痙者, 腰折ㆍ瘈瘲ㆍ齒噤齘也. 《靈樞》
Translation영역
Ninth: heat with tetany — the patient dies. Tetany is the lumbus snapping back, tugging and slackening, and the teeth clenched and grinding.
Clinical note임상 주석
The nine are the Lingshu's, and read as a list of complications they are recognisable: hiccough with flushed cheeks and anhydrosis, diarrhoea with abdominal distension, loss of vision under continuing fever, fever with distension at the two extremes of age, haematemesis, a sloughing tongue, haemoptysis with epistaxis, and fever with opisthotonic seizures. The last is the one modern medicine would name first — febrile status epilepticus or meningitis — and the chapter's judgment that it was beyond needling was correct.
Yeongchu 靈樞
2.12 Single Remedies 單方
Source원문
凡二十九種.
Translation영역
Twenty-nine kinds in all.
Donguibogam · Onyeok
Source원문
朱砂 辟瘟疫. 取一兩細硏, 以白蜜和丸如麻子大, 正朝早晨, 一家大小勿食諸物, 面向東立, 水呑三七丸, 永無疫. 《本草》
Translation영역
Cinnabar wards off epidemics. Take 1 nyang, grind it fine, and make pills the size of a hemp seed with white honey; on New Year's morning let the whole household, great and small, eat nothing, stand facing east, and swallow twenty-one pills with water — and there will never be an epidemic.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Cinnabar is mercury sulphide and must not be prepared or taken.** The New Year's morning, the whole household, facing east — the remedy is a rite as much as a medicine, and the dose is being given to the well rather than the sick.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
蚯蚓汁 主天行熱疾. 取生地龍, 塗鹽化成水, 取飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Earthworm juice governs the heat illnesses that go abroad of heaven. Take live earthworms, coat them with salt until they dissolve to a liquid, and drink it.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Raw earthworms carry parasites and this is not to be prepared.**
Boncho 本草
Source원문
藍葉汁 主天行熱狂. 取葉搗取汁, 飮一盞. 《本草》
Translation영역
Indigo leaf juice governs the heat mania that goes abroad of heaven. Pound the leaves, take the juice, and drink a cupful.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
臘雪水 治天行瘟疫熱盛. 取飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Twelfth-month snow water treats the epidemics that go abroad of heaven when the heat is severe. Take it and drink.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
生葛根汁 治天行瘟疫熱疾. 取根搗取汁飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Fresh pueraria root juice treats the epidemic heat illnesses that go abroad of heaven. Pound the root, take the juice, and drink it.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
苦參 治天行壯熱. 取一兩剉, 醋煮飮之, 當吐卽愈. 《本草》
Translation영역
Sophora treats the vigorous fever that goes abroad of heaven. Take 1 nyang, cut it up, boil it in vinegar and drink; vomiting should follow and the patient recovers.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
水中細苔 主天行熱悶. 搗絞取汁飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Fine water moss governs the heat and oppression that go abroad of heaven. Pound it, wring out the juice, and drink.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
靑黛 治大頭瘟頭面赤腫. 眞靛花 三錢, 燒酒 一鍾, 雞子淸 一箇, 打勻吃下, 腫卽消. 眞神方也. 《回春》
Translation영역
Indigo treats the big-head epidemic with the head and face red and swollen. Genuine indigo flower, 3 don; distilled liquor, one cup; one egg white — beat them together and swallow, and the swelling subsides at once. It is a truly marvellous formula.
Hoechun 回春
Source원문
蛇莓 治天行熱盛ㆍ口中生瘡. 蛇莓自然汁, 搗絞取一斗, 煎取五升, 稍稍飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Mock strawberry treats the severe heat that goes abroad of heaven with sores in the mouth. Of the natural juice of mock strawberry, pound and wring out one mal, decoct it down to five seung, and drink it a little at a time.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
竹瀝 治時氣瘟疫熱盛煩躁. 竹瀝 半盞, 新水 半盞, 和服之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Bamboo sap treats seasonal-qi epidemics with severe heat, vexation and agitation. Half a cup of bamboo sap and half a cup of fresh water, mixed and taken.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
蒼朮 辟瘟疫邪濕氣. 蒼朮合皂莢, 中庭燒之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Atractylodes lancea wards off the evil damp qi of epidemics. Atractylodes lancea together with gleditsia pod, burnt in the middle of the courtyard.
Clinical note임상 주석
Fumigating the courtyard rather than dosing anyone. Burning aromatics in an enclosed space has no effect on an epidemic, but the practice belongs with 2.9's cauldron — the chapter's instinct is to treat the air of the house.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
生藕汁 治熱病煩渴. 藕汁 一盞, 入蜜 一合, 服之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Fresh lotus root juice treats heat disease with vexation and thirst. One cup of lotus root juice with 1 hop of honey stirred in, taken.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
臘月䑕 燒之辟惡氣. 又於正旦所居處埋之, 辟瘟疫氣. 《本草》
Translation영역
A twelfth-month rat, burnt, wards off the malign qi. Buried on New Year's morning at the place where one lives, it wards off the epidemic qi.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Rodents are a reservoir of plague, leptospirosis and hantavirus, and nothing in this entry is to be done.** That a rat should be the thing buried against epidemic qi is an irony the compilers could not have seen.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
蟾蜍 食之不患熱病. 生搗絞汁服, 或燒爲末和水服, 幷主瘟病發斑. 《本草》
Translation영역
Toad: eaten, one does not suffer heat disease. Pounded raw and the juice wrung out and taken, or burnt to a powder and taken in water; either governs epidemic disease with macules breaking out.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Toad skin and parotid secretions contain bufadienolides, which are cardiotoxic. This must not be prepared.**
Boncho 本草
Source원문
桃葉 主天行病汗不出. 桃葉多取, 濃煎湯, 置床下, 坐其上, 衣被盖之, 須臾當汗便差. 又取桃枝剉, 煮湯洗浴. 《本草》
Translation영역
Peach leaf governs the illnesses that go abroad of heaven when the sweat will not come. Take a quantity of peach leaves, decoct them to a strong liquor, set it under the bed and sit above it, covered over with clothes and bedding; in a little while the sweat should come and the patient recovers. Peach twigs may also be cut up and boiled into a liquor to bathe in.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
葱白 治天行時疾ㆍ頭痛ㆍ熱狂. 濃煎葱白湯飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Scallion white treats the seasonal illnesses that go abroad of heaven, with headache and heat mania. Decoct scallion white strongly and drink the liquor.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
赤小豆 辟瘟疫病. 取赤小豆, 新布囊盛之, 正旦置井中, 三日出之, 擧家服, 男十枚ㆍ女二十枚, 無不效. 《本草》
Translation영역
Adzuki bean wards off epidemic illness. Take adzuki beans, put them in a bag of new cloth, set it in the well on New Year's morning and take it out after three days; let the whole household take them, ten for a man and twenty for a woman, and there is none it does not work for.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
溫蕪菁汁 辟瘟氣. 立春後初庚子日, 取溫蕪菁汁, 合家大小人幷服之, 可理時疾. 《本草》
Translation영역
Warm turnip juice wards off the epidemic qi. On the first 庚子 day after the beginning of spring, take warm turnip juice and let the whole household, great and small, drink it together; it can put the seasonal illness right.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
蒜 正月之節, 食五辛以辟厲氣. 一曰蒜, 二曰葱, 三曰韭, 四曰薤, 五曰薑也. 《本草》
Translation영역
Garlic: at the festival of the first month the five pungents are eaten to ward off the pestilential qi. The first is garlic, the second scallion, the third Chinese chives, the fourth shallot, the fifth ginger.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
人屎 主天行病大熱狂走. 取乾者, 沸湯漬飮之; 或燒灰作末和水服; 又納淨土坑中, 新水調和澄淸, 取飮之. 《本草》 ○卽野人乾也. 取乾者, 淨沙覆之, 取淸飮之, 治熱病最佳. 《本草》
Translation영역
Human excrement governs the illnesses that go abroad of heaven with great heat and running about in madness. Take the dried kind, steep it in boiling water and drink; or burn it to ash, powder it and take it in water; or put it in a pit of clean earth, mix it with fresh water, let it settle clear and drink that. ○ This is what is called the dried wild man. Take the dried kind, cover it with clean sand, take the clear liquid and drink it; for treating heat disease it is the best of all.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Human excrement is a vehicle for exactly the enteric pathogens that cause epidemic febrile illness, and nothing in this entry is to be prepared.** Printed here as history. In an outbreak of typhoid or dysentery, this remedy was a route of transmission.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
人中黃 大治疫毒. 取大竹筒, 兩頭留節, 一節中作一竅, 納大甘草於中, 仍以竹木釘塞其竅, 置大糞厠中浸一月, 取出晒乾用. ○臘月截淡竹, 去靑皮, 於厠中浸滲取汁飮之, 大治天行熱疾發狂, 卽糞淸也. 《丹心》
Translation영역
Human yellow is a great treatment for epidemic toxin. Take a large bamboo tube, leave the nodes at both ends, make a single hole in one node, put large licorice inside, plug the hole with a bamboo peg, and set it to steep in a great privy for a month; take it out, dry it in the sun and use it. ○ In the twelfth month cut pale bamboo, strip the green skin, steep it in the privy and take the liquid that seeps in and drink it; this is a great treatment for the heat illnesses that go abroad of heaven with mania — it is the clear liquid of excrement.
Clinical note임상 주석
**This must not be prepared under any circumstances.** 人中黃 is the chapter's most-named single remedy — the 人中黃丸 of 2.4 and 2.6 is built on it — and it is licorice steeped a month in a latrine. Where the epidemic was faecal-oral, this was not a treatment but an inoculation.
Dansim 丹心
Source원문
赤馬蹄 辟瘟疫. 作屑二兩, 絳囊盛, 帶男左女右. 《本草》
Translation영역
Red horse hoof wards off epidemics. Make 2 nyang of shavings, put them in a crimson bag, and wear it on the left for a man and the right for a woman.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
牡猪糞 極療天行熱病ㆍ溫毒大熱. 取乾者, 水漬取淸飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Boar dung is an extreme cure for the heat diseases that go abroad of heaven and for warm toxin with great heat. Take the dried kind, steep it in water, take the clear liquid and drink.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Animal faeces carry bacteria and parasites; this is not to be prepared.**
Boncho 本草
Source원문
雄狐屎 燒之, 去瘟疫病. 取肉煮食亦可. 《本草》
Translation영역
Dog-fox dung, burnt, removes epidemic illness. The flesh may also be boiled and eaten.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Fox faeces carry echinococcus; this is not to be prepared or burnt.**
Boncho 本草
Source원문
獺肉 主疫氣瘟病. 煮肉取汁, 停冷飮之. 《本草》
Translation영역
Otter flesh governs epidemic qi and epidemic disease. Boil the flesh, take the broth, let it stand until cold and drink.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Otters are a protected species.**
Boncho 本草
Source원문
芥菜子 治疫氣傳染, 初覺頭痛. 取子爲末, 塡臍中, 以熱物隔衣一層熨之, 卽汗而愈. 《種杏》
Translation영역
Mustard seed treats infection by the epidemic qi at the first sense of headache. Powder the seed, fill the navel with it, and iron it with something hot through a single layer of cloth; sweat comes at once and the patient recovers.
Jonghaeng 種杏
Source원문
白粳米 半升, 連鬚葱 二十根, 煮成粥湯, 加入好醋半椀, 再煮一滚服, 取汗卽愈. 《種杏》
Translation영역
White polished rice, half a seung, with twenty scallions, roots and all, boiled into a gruel; add half a bowl of good vinegar, bring it once more to the boil and take it — sweat is got and the patient recovers.
Clinical note임상 주석
A rice gruel with scallion and vinegar, given to raise a sweat. Of the twenty-nine single remedies in this section it is the one a modern physician could leave alone: a febrile patient being given warm salted-and-soured fluid and carbohydrate.
Jonghaeng 種杏
Source원문
蓴 溫病勿食蓴. 食者多死. 《本草》
Translation영역
Water shield: in warm disease do not eat water shield. Those who eat it mostly die.
Boncho 本草
Source원문
葵菜 天行病後食葵菜, 頓喪明. 《本草》
Translation영역
Mallow: eating mallow after an illness that goes abroad of heaven brings on sudden loss of sight.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section ends with two prohibitions rather than remedies. Sudden blindness after an epidemic fever is a real sequel — measles keratitis in a vitamin-A-depleted child is the obvious candidate — and the chapter has attached it to the wrong cause, the vegetable eaten during convalescence rather than the illness itself.
Boncho 本草
2.13 Needling 鍼法
Source원문
治熱病五十九刺者.
Translation영역
The fifty-nine needlings for treating heat disease.
Naegyeong 內經
Source원문
頭上五行行五者, 以越諸陽之熱逆也. 頭中行, 謂上星ㆍ顖會ㆍ前頂ㆍ百會ㆍ後頂五穴也; 兩傍, 謂承光ㆍ通天ㆍ絡却ㆍ玉枕ㆍ天柱十穴也; 又兩傍, 謂臨泣ㆍ目窓ㆍ正營ㆍ承靈ㆍ腦空十穴也.
Translation영역
Five rows of five on the head, to carry off the heat counterflow of all the yang. The middle row of the head means the five points upper star, fontanel meeting, former vertex, hundred meetings and rear vertex; the two rows beside it mean the ten points receiving light, heaven connection, network declining, jade pillow and celestial pillar; and the two rows beside those mean the ten points overlooking tears, eye window, upright construction, spirit support and brain hollow.
Naegyeong 內經
Source원문
大杼ㆍ膺兪卽中府穴ㆍ缺盆ㆍ背兪卽風門穴, 此八者, 以瀉胸中之熱也.
Translation영역
Great shuttle, breast transport — that is the central treasury point — empty basin, and back transport — that is the wind gate point: these eight drain the heat in the chest.
Naegyeong 內經
Source원문
氣街ㆍ三里ㆍ巨虛上下廉, 此八者, 以瀉胃中之熱也.
Translation영역
Qi thoroughfare, three li, and the upper and lower ridges of the great hollow: these eight drain the heat in the stomach.
Naegyeong 內經
Source원문
雲門ㆍ髃骨卽肩髃穴ㆍ委中ㆍ髓空卽腰兪穴, 此八者, 以瀉四肢之熱也.
Translation영역
Cloud gate, shoulder bone — that is the shoulder bone point — bend middle, and marrow hollow — that is the lumbar transport point: these eight drain the heat in the four limbs.
Naegyeong 內經
Source원문
五藏兪傍五, 此十者, 以瀉五藏之熱也. 《內經》
Translation영역
The five beside the transport points of the five viscera: these ten drain the heat of the five viscera.
Clinical note임상 주석
The fifty-nine needlings are the Lingshu's standing scheme for febrile illness, counted out here point by point: twenty-five on the head, eight for the chest, eight for the stomach, eight for the limbs and ten beside the back transport points. It is the only section in the chapter that treats epidemic fever as an ordinary heat disease, and it sits oddly after 2.11's nine cases in which needling must not be done.
Naegyeong 內經
About this translation 凡例
Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Miscellaneous Disorders, Volume 7, Epidemic Disease chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the Kyujanggak transcription of the 1613 edition; collation notes are given on the passages they concern. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.